Our trilingual glossary combining entries from all of our publications into one useful resource, giving translations and definitions of thousands of terms, people, places, and texts from the Buddhist canon.
ཉོན་མོངས་པ། | Glossary of Terms
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ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs pa
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- saṃkleśa
- Term
The essentially pure nature of mind is obscured and afflicted by various psychological defilements, which destroy the mind’s peace and composure and lead to unwholesome deeds of body, speech, and mind, acting as causes for continued existence in saṃsāra. Included among them are the primary afflictions of desire (rāga), anger (dveṣa), and ignorance (avidyā). It is said that there are eighty-four thousand of these negative mental qualities, for which the eighty-four thousand categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote.
Kleśa is also commonly translated as “negative emotions,” “disturbing emotions,” and so on. The Pāli kilesa, Middle Indic kileśa, and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit kleśa all primarily mean “stain” or “defilement.” The translation “affliction” is a secondary development that derives from the more general (non-Buddhist) classical understanding of √kliś (“to harm,“ “to afflict”). Both meanings are noted by Buddhist commentators.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
Also rendered here as afflictive emotion.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- 煩惱
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Mental factors that disturb the mind and incite unwholesome deeds of body, speech, and mind.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
A type of mental imperfection. The most basic afflictions are attachment, aversion, and confusion.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
A type of mental imperfection or disturbing emotion that binds one to saṃsāra.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Negative qualities in the mind, the basic three being ignorance, attachment, and aversion.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
See “kleśa.”
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
The afflictions that hold one back from awakening, often listed as desire (rāga), anger (pratigha), pride (māna), ignorance (avidyā), wrong views (kudṛṣti), and indecision (vicikitsā).
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Desire, hatred and anger, dullness, pride, and jealousy, as well as all their derivatives, said to number 84,000. Also translated “passions.”
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Any defiled mental state that disturbs the mind.
- Affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Literally “pain,” “torment,” or “affliction.” In Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit it literally means “impurity” or “depravity.” In its technical use in Buddhism it means any negative quality in the mind that causes continued existence in saṃsāra. There are said to be 84,000 of these negative mental qualities for which the 84,000 categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote. These mental disturbances can be subsumed into the three or five poisons of attachment, anger, and ignorance plus arrogance and jealousy. Also translated here as “disturbing emotions.”
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
A type of mental imperfection, the most basic afflictions being attachment, aversion and confusion.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
Defiled mental or emotional states that disturb the mind. Said to number eighty-four thousand.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
Defiled mental or emotional states that disturb the mind. Said to number eighty-four thousand.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
A type of mental imperfection; the most basic afflictions are attachment, aversion, and confusion.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Literally “pain,” “torment,” or “affliction.” In Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit it literally means “impurity” or “depravity.” In its technical use in Buddhism it means any negative quality in the mind that causes continued existence in saṃsāra. There are the 84,000 variations of mental disturbances for which the 84,000 categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote. These mental disturbances can be subsumed into the three or five poisons of attachment, aversion, and ignorance plus arrogance and jealousy.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
The afflictions are mental factors that afflict the mind and lead to unwholesome actions of body, speech, and mind, which in turn produce suffering. The basic afflictions in all schools of Buddhism are considered to be attachment (rāga/lobha), hostility (dveṣa), and delusion (moha).
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
A type of mental imperfection, the most basic afflictions being attraction, aversion, and confusion.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- 煩惱
Also rendered here as “kleśa.”
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
The three main afflictions are ignorance, desire, and anger.
- affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
Also rendered here as afflictive emotion.
- afflictions
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- 煩惱
Mental and emotional traits that bind one to saṃsāra; the fundamental three are ignorance, desire, and anger.
- afflictions
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Mental and emotional traits that bind one to saṃsāra; the fundamental three are ignorance, desire, and anger. When the term refers to the fundamental three, it tends to be translated as “the afflictions.”
- afflictions
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
The harmful and mistaken mental states to which beings become accustomed and that (along with karma) bind beings to rebirth in cyclic existence.
- afflictions
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
A type of mental imperfection; the most basic afflictions are attachment, aversion, and confusion.
- afflictions
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
A type of mental imperfection or disturbing emotion that binds one to saṃsāra.
- afflictions
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
Afflictive emotions or mental factors such as the three poisons that disturb the mind, bind one to cyclic existence, and obstruct liberation.
- afflictions
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
The term refers to the three (hatred, ignorance, and greed) or the five (the same with the addition of envy and pride) “afflictions.”
- afflictions
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Mental and emotional traits that bind one to saṃsāra; the fundamental three are ignorance, desire, and anger.
- kleśa
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Mental and emotional traits that bind one to saṃsāra; the fundamental three are ignorance, desire, and anger.
- kleśa
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Literally “pain,” “torment,” or “affliction.” In Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit it literally means “impurity” or “depravity.” In its technical use in Buddhism it refers to any negative quality in the mind, which causes continued existence in saṃsāra. The basic three kleśas are ignorance, attachment, and aversion.
- kleśa
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Literally “pain,” “torment,” or “affliction.” In Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit it literally means “impurity” or “depravity.” In its technical use in Buddhism it means any negative quality in the mind that causes continued existence in saṃsāra. The basic three kleśas are ignorance, attachment, and aversion.
- kleśa
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Literally “pain,” “torment,” or “affliction.” In Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit it means literally “impurity” or “depravity.” In its technical use in Buddhism it means any negative quality in the mind that causes continued existence in saṃsāra. The basic three kleśas are ignorance, attachment, and aversion. Also rendered here as “affliction.”
- kleśa
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
In Classical Sanskrit, kleśa means “pain,” “torment,” or “affliction.” As a technical term in Buddhist Sanskrit the word takes on the specialized meanings “impurity” or “depravity” which refers to a number of negative qualities of the mind that contribute to sentient beings’ continued existence in saṃsāra. The basic three kleśas are ignorance, attachment, and aversion.
- kleśa
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- 煩惱
Also translated here as “affliction.”
- defilement
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
There are the 84,000 variations of defilements for which the 84,000 categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote. These defilements can be subsumed into the five or three poisons of attachment, aversion, and ignorance (the three), plus arrogance and jealousy (the five).
- defilement
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- defilement
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
- defilement
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- defilement
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
A type of mental affliction. The most basic defilements are attachment, aversion, and confusion.
- afflictive emotion
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
See “affliction.”
- afflictive emotion
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Mental and emotional traits that bind one to saṃsāra; the fundamental three are attachment, aversion, and delusion. Also translated here as “pollution.”
- afflictive emotion
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- afflictive emotion
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
Also called “delusions,” “afflictions,” or “addictive emotions,” these are mental states that produce turmoil and confusion and thus disturb mental peace and happiness (Rigzin 133).
- emotional defilement
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
- emotional defilement
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
The afflictions that hold one back from awakening, often listed as attachment, anger , ignorance.
- primary afflictions
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
Afflictive emotions, such as the three poisons, that bind one to cyclic existence.
- primary afflictions
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
Afflictive emotions, such as the three poisons, that bind one to cyclic existence.
- distress
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
Here in Transformation of Karma Tibetan nyon mongs pa is an old Tibetan expression for sdug bsngal ba (see Rnam rgyal tshe ring 2001, s.v. nyon mongs pa) and is used in the senses of to afflict, distress, to cause someone (mental) pain or suffering; distressing; (living in) distress (n.).
- disturbing emotion
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
See “affliction.”
- emotionally afflicted person
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- saṃkleśa
See “afflictive emotions.”
- mental affliction
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
The mental states that cause unrest in the mind, distorting the view of reality.
- mental disturbance
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Afflictive emotions. There are the 84,000 variations of mental disturbances for which the 84,000 categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote. These mental disturbances can be subsumed into the three or five poisons of attachment, aversion, and ignorance plus arrogance and jealousy.
- passion
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Desire, hatred and anger, dullness, pride, and jealousy, as well as all their derivatives, said to number 84,000. Also translated “afflictions.”
- pollution
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- nyon mongs
- kleśa
Also translated here as “afflictive emotion.”
- primary defilements
- ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- nyon mongs pa
- kleśa
The afflictions that hold one back from awakening, often listed as desire (rāga), anger (pratigha), pride (māna), ignorance (avidyā), wrong views (kudṛṣti), and indecision (vicikitsā).