• The Collection
  • The Kangyur
  • Discourses
  • General Sūtra Section

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དམ་པའི་ཆོས་དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་གཞག་པ།

The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma

Saddharma­smṛtyupasthāna
འཕགས་པ་དམ་པའི་ཆོས་དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་གཞག་པ།
’phags pa dam pa’i chos dran pa nye bar gzhag pa
The Noble Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma
Ārya­saddharma­smṛtyupasthāna
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Toh 287

Degé Kangyur, vol. 68 (mdo sde, ya), folios 82.a–318.a; vol. 69 (mdo sde, ra), folios 1.b–307.a; vol. 70 (mdo sde, la), folios 1.b–312.a; and vol. 71 (mdo sde, sha), folios 1.b–229.b

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2021
Current version v 1.0.23 (2022)
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co.

Table of Contents

ti. Title
im. Imprint
co. Contents
s. Summary
ac. Acknowledgements
i. Introduction
+ 1 section- 1 section
· Detailed Outline of the Text
tr. The Translation
+ 5 chapters- 5 chapters
p. Prologue
1. The Ten Virtuous Courses of Action
2. Introducing the Eighteen Grounds and Describing the Hells and the Starving Spirits
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· The Hells
+ 8 sections- 8 sections
· The Reviving Hell
· The Black Line Hell
· The Crushing Hell
· The Howling Hell
· The Great Howling Hell
· The Hell of Heat
· The Hell of Intense Heat
· The Hell of Ultimate Torment
· The Starving Spirits
3. The Animals
+ 1 section- 1 section
· The Animals
4. The Gods
4.A. The Heaven of the Four Great Kings
+ 5 sections- 5 sections
· The Garland-Bearer Gods
· The Vessel-Bearer Gods
· The Ever-Infatuated Gods
· The Triple-Lute-Bearer Gods
· The Wandering Gods
4.B. The Heaven of the Thirty-Three
+ 33 sections- 33 sections
· The Gods Dwelling in Sudharma
· The Gods in Dwelling in the Lofty
· The Gods in Dwelling on Summits
· The Gods in Dwelling in Excellent View
· The Gods in Dwelling in One Direction
· The Gods in Dwelling in Forests
· The Gods in Dwelling in Various Chariots
· The Gods in Dwelling in Enjoyment
· The Gods in Dwelling in Beauty
· The Gods in Dwelling by the Pārijāta Tree
· The Gods in Dwelling on Mixed Riverbanks
· The Gods in Dwelling on Forest Riverbanks
· The Gods in Dwelling in Essence of Jewels
· The Gods in Engaging in Clarification
· The Gods in House of Refined Gold
· The Gods in Shaded by Garlands
· The Gods in Moving on Springy Ground
· The Gods in Distinguished in Many Colorful Ways
· The Gods in Promotion
· The Gods in Subtle Engagement
· The Gods in Enraptured by and Attached to Song
· The Gods in Blazing Splendor
· The Gods in Resembling the Full Moon
· The Gods in Pair of Śāla Trees
· The Gods in Moving in the Wink of an Eye
· The Gods in Fine Complexion and Large Body
· The Gods in Draped with Jewels
· The Gods in Part of the Assembly
· The Gods in Dwelling on the Disk
· The Gods in High Conduct
· The Gods in Supreme Splendor
· The Gods in Garland of Splendor
· The Gods in Unmixed
4.C. The Heaven Free from Strife
+ 18 sections- 18 sections
· The Gods in Supreme Strength
· The Gods in Traveling on Great Mounts
· The Gods in Moving in the Stream
· The Gods in Living on the Peak
· The Gods in Living on the Peak
· The Gods in Ornament of the Mind
· The Gods in Continuous Movement
· The Gods in Moving in Vast Environments
· The Gods in Moving in Gatherings
+ 1 section- 1 section
· The Six Stūpas
+ 6 sections- 6 sections
· The Stūpa of the Buddha Śikhin
· The Stūpa of the Buddha Vipaśyin
· The Stūpa of the Buddha Krakucchanda
+ 4 sections- 4 sections
· The Male Lay Practitioner
· The Female Lay Practitioner
· The Nuns
· The Monks
· The Stūpa of the Buddha Viśvabhū
· The Stūpa of the Blessed Kanakamuni
· The Stūpa of the Blessed Kāśyapa
· The Gods in Moving in Mixed Environments
· The Gods in Endowed with Migration
· The Gods in Emanation of Light Rays
· The Gods in Controlled Movement
· The Gods in Constant Bliss
· The Gods in Endowed with Increasing Bliss
+ 1 section- 1 section
· The Eleven Great Dharma Teachings
+ 11 sections- 11 sections
· (1) Agitation Is Remedied by Taming Oneself
· (2) Lack of Restraint Is Remedied by One-Pointedness
· (3) Flawed Discipline Is Remedied by Following a Holy Person
· (4) Laziness Is Remedied by Diligence
· (5) Obsession with Village Life Is Remedied by Being Alone in the Wilderness
· (6) Greed Is Remedied by Contentment
· (7) Fondness for Friends and Relatives Is Remedied by Staying in Foreign Lands
· (8) Meaningless Talk Is Remedied by Proper Verbal Restraint
· (9) Frivolity Is Remedied by Steadfastness
· (10) Poverty Is Remedied by Generosity
· (11) Ignorance Is Remedied by Knowledge
· The Gods in Total Pleasure
+ 1 section- 1 section
· The Twenty-Two Wholesome Factors
+ 21 sections- 21 sections
· (1) Remorse
· (2) Fear of the Lower Realms
· (3) Patience
· (4) Diligence
· (5) Teaching the Dharma
· (6) Compassion
· (7) Gentleness
· (8) Observance
· (9) Faith
· (10) Overcoming Fickleness
· (11) Steadfastness
· (12) Fear of Scandal
· (13) Absence of Clinging
· (14) Delighting in Solitude
· (15) Undistracted Mind
· (16) Recollection of Death
· (17) Freedom from Infatuation with One’s Body, Family, and Nobility
· (18) Equality with Respect to All Beings
· (19) Contentment
· (20) Weariness of Objects
· (21) Distrust of the Mind
· The Gods in Living by Rājanina
+ 1 section- 1 section
· The Thirty Qualities of Listening to the Dharma
+ 30 sections- 30 sections
· (1) Hearing the Dharma That One Has Not Heard Before
· (2) Understanding What One Hears
· (3) Discerning What One Understands
· (4) Accomplishing What One Discerns
· (5) Practicing What One Has Adopted
· (6) Establishing Others in That Which One Observes
· (7) Being Unaffected by Decline
· (8) Developing Discernment of the Characteristics of the Dharma
· (9) Giving Rise to Roots of Virtue That Did Not Exist Previously
· (10) Causing the Roots of Virtue to Mature
· (11) Liberating Those Who Are Matured
· (12) Establishing Those with Wrong View in the Authentic View
· (13) Overcoming All Unvirtuous Thoughts
· (14) Cultivating All Virtuous Thoughts
· (15) Relinquishing Negativities That Arise by the Force of Conditions
· (16) Developing Carefulness
· (17) Following Holy People
· (18) Overcoming Deceit and Stinginess
· (19) Being Respectful to One’s Parents
· (20) Understanding Karmic Actions and Their Effects
· (21) Cultivating Activity That Increases One’s Life Span
· (22) Being Praised by the People of the World
· (23) Being Protected by the Gods
· (24) Having Excellent Intentions
· (25) Possessing the Wealth of Being Endowed with the Dharma
· (26) Being Free From Laziness
· (27) Gratitude
· (28) Continuous Recollection of Death
· (29) Being Free From Regrets at the Time of Death
· (30) Finally Going Completely Beyond Suffering
· The Gods in Shining in Manifold Ways
5. The Application of Mindfulness of the Body
c. Colophon
n. Notes
b. Bibliography
g. Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

While on the way to Rājagṛha to collect alms, a group of newly ordained monks are approached by some non-Buddhists, who suggest that their doctrine is identical to that of the Buddha, since everyone agrees that misdeeds of body, speech, and mind are to be given up. The monks do not know how to reply, and when they later return to the brahmin town of Nālati, where the Buddha is residing, Śāradvatīputra therefore encourages them to seek clarification from the Blessed One himself. In response to the monks’ request, the Buddha delivers a comprehensive discourse on the effects of virtuous and unvirtuous actions, explaining these matters from the perspective of an adept practitioner of his teachings, who sees and understands all this through a process of personal discovery. As the teaching progresses, the Buddha presents an epic tour of the realm of desire‍—from the Hell of Ultimate Torment to the Heaven Free from Strife‍—all the while introducing the specific human actions and attitudes that cause the experience of such worlds and outlining the ways to remedy and transcend them. In the final section of the sūtra, which is presented as an individual scripture on its own, the focus is on mindfulness of the body and the ripening of karmic actions that is experienced among humans in particular.


ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee under the supervision of Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche. The translation was produced by Thomas Doctor with help from Benjamin Collet-Cassart and Timothy Hinkle. Thomas also wrote the introduction. Andreas Doctor checked the translation against the Tibetan and edited the text. The 84000 editorial team subsequently reviewed the translation and made further edits. Wiesiek Mical assisted by reviewing numerous passages against the available Sanskrit sources. Robert Kritzer generously shared several unpublished articles on the text with us, and Vesna Wallace and Mitsuyo Demoto kindly gave us access to drafts of their critical Sanskrit editions of chapters 1 and 3, respectively.

The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.


ac.­2

The generous sponsorship of Sun Ping, Tian Xingwen, and Sun Fanglin, which helped make the work on this translation possible, is most gratefully acknowledged.


i.

Introduction

i.­1

The epic discourse of The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma (AMSD) unfolds as a single, sustained reply to a short question that is put to the Buddha Śākyamuni as the sūtra opens. A group of newly ordained monks have been challenged by the members of another religious group, who suggest that the Buddha’s teachings are indistinguishable from those of their own teacher. Not knowing how to reply, the monks request that the Buddha explain how the path of the sacred Dharma is unlike any other. As the Buddha responds to the monks, he describes the path from the perspective of an adept meditating monk, who applies the Dharma teachings correctly and so discovers the truths of the Dharma. In an account that spans the full spectrum of life in saṃsāra, from the horrifying misery and intense pain of the lower realms to the enrapturing beauty and bliss in the heavens, the Buddha explains how different kinds of physical, verbal, and mental behavior of humans lead to rebirth in such realms of existence.

Detailed Outline of the Text


The Translation
The Noble Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma

p.

Prologue

[V68] [B1] [F.82.a]


p.­1

Homage to all the buddhas, bodhisattvas, solitary buddhas, and noble hearers!


p.­2

Thus did I hear at one time. While the Blessed One was residing in the brahmin quarter of the village of Nālati near Rājagṛha, venerable Śāradvatīputra one morning went to Rājagṛha together with a great gathering of monks to collect alms. As they were out receiving alms, a large group of the monks came across some wandering non-Buddhist practitioners15 who were on the way to the same destination, and together they engaged in a Dharma discussion to everyone’s delight and appreciation.


1.
Chapter 1

The Ten Virtuous Courses of Action

1.­1

“Monks, there are three misdeeds of the body: killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct. What, then, is killing? To take a life is to recognize another sentient being as a sentient being and knowingly slay it. Such an act may be of a great, intermediate, or minor kind. Great killing is the murder of a worthy one or the like. Such acts lead to the Hell of Ultimate Torment. Intermediate killing occurs when one murders someone on the path. Minor killing is to kill an animal or someone of degenerate moral conduct.


2.
Chapter 2

Introducing the Eighteen Grounds and Describing the Hells and the Starving Spirits

2.­1

“How does a monk who gradually relinquishes defilement first give up unvirtuous qualities so as to cultivate the qualities of virtue? Spiritual practitioners who carefully observe inner phenomena see by means of knowledge derived from hearing, or through the divine eye, that such a monk initially will think as follows: ‘Mutually serving as causes and conditions, these objects and faculties have since beginningless time caused beings to remain within, and wander throughout, cyclic existence. This is the cause of birth. Thoughts are formed in relation to the ocean of objects, and so these inner factors and objective factors cause beings to wander.’

The Hells

The Reviving Hell

The Black Line Hell

The Crushing Hell

The Howling Hell

The Great Howling Hell

The Hell of Heat

The Hell of Intense Heat

The Hell of Ultimate Torment

The Starving Spirits


3.
Chapter 3

The Animals

The Fifteenth Ground
3.­1

“The monk, the spiritual practitioner who carefully observes inner phenomena, has in this way seen the reality of karmic effects. He has investigated the hells and their neighboring regions, and he has also investigated the second realm, that of the starving spirits. He sees this intolerable cyclic existence correctly, just as it is, and acknowledges it in his mind. Thus, the monk does not dwell in the realm of the māras but abides within the limit of the transcendence of suffering. With unceasing joy, he attains the fruition of entering the fifteenth ground.

The Animals


4.
Chapter 4

The Gods

4.­1

“The monk who has knowledge of the ripening of the effects of karmic action has now carefully examined and understood all the extremely subtle karmic ripening that ensues from the misdeeds associated with hell beings, animals, and starving spirits. Having internalized this understanding, he will next begin to examine the karmic effects that ripen due to wholesome actions. All sentient beings are opposed to suffering [F.53.b] and wish for happiness. As for the gods, they take delight in accumulating happiness, so now the monk will examine the extremely subtle karmic phenomena, ripening, birth, and death of such beings.


4.A.

The Heaven of the Four Great Kings

4.A.­1

“Put concisely, the first class of gods comprises those in the realm of the Four Great Kings.

The Garland-Bearer Gods

4.A.­2

“The first of their subclasses are the garland bearers, who live and reside upon all four sides of Mount Sumeru. The garland bearers differ in terms of the directions. They have different names and distinct karmic actions, and so they spend their lives‍—produced by numerous karmic actions‍—experiencing happiness but having many different types of bodies, youthfulness, and agility. The web of karmic action is like the imprint of a seal: it is not uncaused, not random, and not produced by any other action. Therefore, those who wish for happiness [F.54.a] should pursue wholesome qualities.

The Vessel-Bearer Gods

The Ever-Infatuated Gods

The Triple-Lute-Bearer Gods

The Wandering Gods


4.B.

The Heaven of the Thirty-Three

4.B.­1

“When the monk has seen the gods of the Four Great Kings, he will next examine the realms of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three and its associated karmic actions. Thus, he will ask himself, ‘How do positive and negative karmic actions relate to beings taking birth among the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three?’

4.B.­2

“As he applies knowledge derived from hearing, he will then correctly perceive the following realms of the gods of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three: Dwelling in Sudharma, Dwelling in the Lofty, Dwelling on Summits, Dwelling in Excellent View, Dwelling in One Direction, Dwelling in Forests, Dwelling in Various Chariots, Dwelling in Enjoyment, Dwelling in Beauty, Dwelling by the Pārijāta Tree, Dwelling on Mixed Riverbanks, Dwelling on Forest Riverbanks, Dwelling in Essence of Jewels, Engaging in Clarification, House of Refined Gold, Shaded by Garlands, Moving on Springy Ground, Distinguished in Many Colorful Ways, Subtle Engagement, Enraptured by and Attached to Song, Blazing Splendor, Resembling the Full Moon, Pair of Śāla Trees, Moving in the Wink of an Eye, Fine Complexion and Large Body, Draped with Jewels, [F.110.a] Part of the Assembly, Dwelling on the Disk, High Conduct, Supreme Splendor, Garland of Splendor, and Unmixed. Thus, the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three inhabit thirty-three realms realms.

The Gods Dwelling in Sudharma

The Gods in Dwelling in the Lofty

The Gods in Dwelling on Summits

The Gods in Dwelling in Excellent View

The Gods in Dwelling in One Direction

The Gods in Dwelling in Forests

The Gods in Dwelling in Various Chariots

The Gods in Dwelling in Enjoyment

The Gods in Dwelling in Beauty

The Gods in Dwelling by the Pārijāta Tree

The Gods in Dwelling on Mixed Riverbanks

The Gods in Dwelling on Forest Riverbanks

The Gods in Dwelling in Essence of Jewels

The Gods in Engaging in Clarification

The Gods in House of Refined Gold

The Gods in Shaded by Garlands

The Gods in Moving on Springy Ground

The Gods in Distinguished in Many Colorful Ways

The Gods in Promotion

The Gods in Subtle Engagement

The Gods in Enraptured by and Attached to Song

The Gods in Blazing Splendor

The Gods in Resembling the Full Moon

The Gods in Pair of Śāla Trees

The Gods in Moving in the Wink of an Eye

The Gods in Fine Complexion and Large Body

The Gods in Draped with Jewels

The Gods in Part of the Assembly

The Gods in Dwelling on the Disk

The Gods in High Conduct

The Gods in Supreme Splendor

The Gods in Garland of Splendor

The Gods in Unmixed


4.C.

The Heaven Free from Strife

4.C.­1

Homage to all buddhas and bodhisattvas!


“The karmic effects of life as a god in the realms of the Heaven Free from Strife and the guardians of the world always manifest on the basis of cause and effect.

4.C.­2

“When the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions has examined the exhilarated gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three, he will next wonder about the identity of the gods who reside above them, and who are superior in terms of splendor, diligence, joy, radiance, and lifespan. Through his knowledge derived from hearing, he will see that those gods, who are far superior to the gods of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three in terms of the methods they have applied in the past, and in terms of the ripening of their karmic qualities, are known as the gods in the Heaven Free from Strife. He will also notice that beings are born in that heaven by observing various forms of discipline. Those gods have abandoned killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct. They have practiced discipline in a way that is uncorrupted, unbroken, undefiled, and stable, thereby pleasing all the noble ones. Since they possess the karmic ripening of constant discipline, they will become spiritual practitioners who contemplate reality and pass beyond the ocean of existence by traveling across the bridge of discipline, the bridge that spans the ocean of cyclic existence and leads to the city of the transcendence of suffering. Just as before, their sevenfold discipline can be distinguished in terms of inferior, intermediate, and excellent levels.

The Gods in Supreme Strength

The Gods in Traveling on Great Mounts356

The Gods in Moving in the Stream

The Gods in Living on the Peak

The Gods in Living on the Peak364

The Gods in Ornament of the Mind

The Gods in Continuous Movement

The Gods in Moving in Vast Environments

The Gods in Moving in Gatherings398

The Six Stūpas

The Stūpa of the Buddha Śikhin

The Stūpa of the Buddha Vipaśyin

The Stūpa of the Buddha Krakucchanda

The Male Lay Practitioner

The Female Lay Practitioner

The Nuns

The Monks

The Stūpa of the Buddha Viśvabhū

The Stūpa of the Blessed Kanakamuni

The Stūpa of the Blessed Kāśyapa

The Gods in Moving in Mixed Environments

The Gods in Endowed with Migration

The Gods in Emanation of Light Rays

The Gods in Controlled Movement

The Gods in Constant Bliss

The Gods in Endowed with Increasing Bliss

The Eleven Great Dharma Teachings

(1) Agitation Is Remedied by Taming Oneself

(2) Lack of Restraint Is Remedied by One-Pointedness

(3) Flawed Discipline Is Remedied by Following a Holy Person

(4) Laziness Is Remedied by Diligence

(5) Obsession with Village Life Is Remedied by Being Alone in the Wilderness

(6) Greed Is Remedied by Contentment

(7) Fondness for Friends and Relatives Is Remedied by Staying in Foreign Lands

(8) Meaningless Talk Is Remedied by Proper Verbal Restraint

(9) Frivolity Is Remedied by Steadfastness

(10) Poverty Is Remedied by Generosity

(11) Ignorance Is Remedied by Knowledge

The Gods in Total Pleasure

The Twenty-Two Wholesome Factors537

(1) Remorse

(2) Fear of the Lower Realms

(3) Patience

(4) Diligence

(5) Teaching the Dharma

(6) Compassion

(7) Gentleness

(8) Observance

(9) Faith

(10) Overcoming Fickleness543

(11) Steadfastness544

(12) Fear of Scandal545

(13) Absence of Clinging547

(14) Delighting in Solitude548

(15) Undistracted Mind549

(16) Recollection of Death550

(17) Freedom from Infatuation with One’s Body, Family, and Nobility552

(18) Equality with Respect to All Beings553

(19) Contentment555

(20) Weariness of Objects556

(21) Distrust of the Mind557

The Gods in Living by Rājanina558

The Thirty Qualities of Listening to the Dharma

(1) Hearing the Dharma That One Has Not Heard Before

(2) Understanding What One Hears

(3) Discerning What One Understands

(4) Accomplishing What One Discerns

(5) Practicing What One Has Adopted

(6) Establishing Others in That Which One Observes

(7) Being Unaffected by Decline561

(8) Developing Discernment of the Characteristics of the Dharma562

(9) Giving Rise to Roots of Virtue That Did Not Exist Previously

(10) Causing the Roots of Virtue to Mature

(11) Liberating Those Who Are Matured

(12) Establishing Those with Wrong View in the Authentic View

(13) Overcoming All Unvirtuous Thoughts

(14) Cultivating All Virtuous Thoughts

(15) Relinquishing Negativities That Arise by the Force of Conditions

(16) Developing Carefulness

(17) Following Holy People

(18) Overcoming Deceit and Stinginess

(19) Being Respectful to One’s Parents

(20) Understanding Karmic Actions and Their Effects

(21) Cultivating Activity That Increases One’s Life Span

(22) Being Praised by the People of the World

(23) Being Protected by the Gods

(24) Having Excellent Intentions

(25) Possessing the Wealth of Being Endowed with the Dharma

(26) Being Free From Laziness

(27) Gratitude

(28) Continuous Recollection of Death

(29) Being Free From Regrets at the Time of Death

(30) Finally Going Completely Beyond Suffering

The Gods in Shining in Manifold Ways


5.

The Application of Mindfulness of the Body

5.­1

At this point the Blessed One resided in the brahmin town of Nālati. [F.110.a] The Blessed One then addressed the monks: “Monks, I shall explain to you what is known as The Application of Mindfulness of the Body. I shall explain to you that which is virtuous in the beginning, middle, and end; that which exclusively consists of excellent meanings and excellent words; and a pure sort of conduct that is complete, pristine, and perfect. Such is the Dharma teaching known as The Application of Mindfulness of the Body. Pay full attention and listen well; I shall explain.” When the Blessed One had spoken these words, the monks listened accordingly.


c.

Colophon

c.­1
The Thus-Gone One has taught those causes
From which all phenomena have appeared,
And also that which is their cessation.
This is what the Great Mendicant has taught.
c.­2

India is the origin of all that is good and possesses all things excellent, both in terms of her soil and her sciences, for which she is the universal source. This is the land of the cultured and the learned and all her inhabitants are wise. Seeing India to be the eyes of Jambudvīpa, the perfect Buddha achieved full awakening within this land, with its magnificent cities through which the great river Gaṅgā descends.

c.­3

In the eastern part of India’s central lands lies the great monastery of Nālanda.639 The sovereign of the land is the splendid prince Rāmapāla,640 whose glory outshines others and whose reign reaches far and wide. This prince has established the temple known as Jagaddala to support the pure and the gentle, holy beings who are experts regarding the staircase leading to the higher realms and liberation. From here appeared numerous exceptionally learned paṇḍitas, such that people of the world speak of “the five hundred omniscient ones,” who are praised by all paṇḍitas as being equal to the masters of the past.

c.­4

Among them is someone whom kings and ministers, who take pride in their mundane wealth, carry on their shoulders as if he were their head‍—someone whom paṇḍitas, who take pride in their scholarship, and worldly folk regard as their crown jewel. He is regarded as a guide by those who have relinquished concern for this life and who endeavor to accomplish liberation, allowing them to clearly distinguish good qualities from flaws. All the people of the land see him as beautiful and endearing, as if he were their only child. He enraptures even the vicious and ungrateful with his great goodwill. [F.228.b] Due to his love for others, he suffers agony and pain as he beholds the miseries of all wandering beings, yet he skillfully extends his compassionate care to them. He is foretold in the prophetic discourse of Tiger Ear Star as an individual endowed with numerous qualities and a great instigator who upon exchanging his body would be born in the higher realms. He yearns to meet Maitreya and has tremendous yearning for the Dharma. He has also weakened all emotions such as desire and anger. Who could properly extol such a person’s qualities? In short, his knowledge of mundane human customs is great, and his benevolence is like a golden ground. With respect for the sacred Dharma, he is endowed with perfect learning and he is pure, serene, gentle, accommodating, noble, truthful, undeceiving, honest, and successful in terms of accomplishment. Like a majestic wish-fulfilling tree that grows from a turquoise ground, he is adorned with the blooming flowers and ripe fruits of a bounty of temporary and ultimate virtues in this and all other lives. Thus, perfectly accomplishing what benefits both oneself and all others, there is nothing that he does that is not meaningful. Such is this master endowed with the shining beauty of unimpeded mastery of the five fields of learning, the great paṇḍita known as Śāntākaragupta. Explanations based on five Indian volumes were received from that master, as well as the great scholar and holy man, the supreme Vinaya holder known as Abhayākaragupta; the one whose learning is comparable to Mañjuśrī, the supreme paṇḍita endowed with perfect eloquence and insight, Śakyarakṣita; and also the great paṇḍita Vīryākaraśānti, and others. [F.229.a]

c.­5

Likewise, in the lower reaches of the central land of Magadha‍—where the shrines of the thus-gone ones are numerous, and the land is full of Buddhists who have faith in the Three Jewels‍—lies the great monastic complex of Vikramaśīla. It was established by the bodhisattva king, Devapāla, and serves as the eyes of the Dharma teachings. Among its numerous learned scholars there are Śakyarakṣita himself; the great paṇḍita Subhūticandra, who is expert in linguistics, poetry, and the syntactic structures of Sanskrit; the Abhidharma expert known as Aḍitacandra; and other such masters. It is from all those masters that the explanations based on five Indian volumes were received.

c.­6

The translators listened carefully to the sūtra and with veneration they sought careful explanation in order to comprehend all the scripture’s words and meanings, thoroughly investigating the most difficult points with the appropriate methods for understanding their significance. In the process of translation, they were guided by the light of insight that comes from mastering four languages‍—Sanskrit, the Indian vernaculars, Tibetan Dharma language, and the Tibetan vernaculars.

c.­7

Nevertheless, the topics of the sūtras are numerous and the subjects are profound. In particular, the statements in this sūtra carry numerous implicit messages and convey their meaning by means of beautiful verbal adornments that evince an unparalleled mastery of poetry. Hence, their meanings are not easily accessible to those of weak learning. Especially, brief scriptural passages that convey numerous meanings have been translated in that same fashion. This approach allows those endowed with the jewels of understanding to ascertain numerous meanings, but if any one of those were to be singled out as the sole implied meaning, that would be a mistake. Rather, translation should convey just as much meaning as the words imply. Therefore, in short, without violating the way the Indian and Tibetan languages convey the same meaning by means of different expressions, and without breaking with the tradition established by the decrees of the scholars of the past, this translation has been made in veneration of the sacred Dharma by the northerner, the monk Tsultrim Gyaltsen, who was born into the family of Patshap. This was undertaken during the reign of the Indian king Rāmapāla, whose banner of perfect glory and majesty flies higher than any other. In this manner, those segments that had previously been translated of this Great Vehicle discourse known as The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma were completed. [F.229.b]

c.­8

The subsequent editing and revision of the text was undertaken by the monk Tsultrim Gyaltsen himself, with the assistance of two others. The first is the spiritual teacher known as Shang Buchikpa, who everyone calls by this name because he benefits them and is auspicious for them, caring for all sentient beings as if they were his “only child.”641 Accordingly, his name reveals that he is endowed with great compassion. The second editor is known as Sherap Ö, because he is a veritable “light of insight” for all who follow the Dharma.642 With knowledge of the way the vehicles progress, he summarizes the teachings by means of principles such as the two realities, and thus‍—with insight developed gradually through conviction, ascertainment, and realization‍—he spreads the light that overcomes the darkness of afflictive and cognitive obscurations in both oneself and others. Thus, his name shows that this master is endowed with great insight and that he accomplishes his own and others’ objectives perfectly. In this way, the translation was corrected, refined, and properly finalized through the fivefold process of drafting, primary editing, testing the relations between word and meaning, secondary editing, and secondary testing of the relations.

c.­9

May the stainless virtues that ensue from translating and assisting in the translation of this sacred Dharma teaching‍—this precious discourse on mindfulness in the Great Vehicle, which is the foundation, root, and vital essence of all the vehicles‍—reach all beings extending to the end of space, so that they may find happiness while in existence. And may a lush canopy spread over them from the tree that offers refuge, awakening, and fruition. As soon as we leave this life behind, may we be reborn in realms of the buddhas, and in all other lives of cyclic existence, may we exclusively do what benefits others.


c.­10

The number of sections has not been determined. In accord with the Indian text the length of the scripture amounts to thirty-six thousand ślokas. There appear to be a few unique archaic elements of writing. When dividing The Application of Mindfulness into sections of three hundred ślokas, there are one hundred and twenty sections.


n.

Notes

n.­1
For a more detailed summary of the contents of the sūtra, see Stuart 2012, pp. 35–69.
n.­2
For an in-depth presentation of this section on mindfulness of the body, see Kritzer 2020.
n.­3
Zhengfa nianchu jing 正法念處經 (Taishō 721). For more information on this version of the sūtra, see Lewis R. Lancaster, “K 801,” The Korean Buddhist Canon.
n.­4
The Chinese translation was produced by Gautama Prajñāruci, who translated the text from 538 to 541 ᴄᴇ.
n.­5
The AMSD is also the fourth-longest text in the entire Kangyur collection, where only The Detailed Explanations of Discipline (Toh 3, 2217 pages), The Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines (Toh 8, 9398 pages), and The Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-five Thousand Lines (Toh 9, 2302 pages) are longer.
n.­6
The partial Sanskrit manuscript does not cover this latter part of the sūtra.
n.­7
Denkarma, 300.b.4. See also Herrmann-Pfandt 2008, p. 150, n. 271. For further details, see van der Kuijp 2009, pp. 8–13.
n.­8
Stuart 2012, pp. 25–29.
n.­15
Degé: mu stegs can spyod pa pa kun tu rgyu ba dag. Here we have taken the phrase (Skt. tīrthika-caraka-parivrājaka) as a generic designation for the same group of people: the flourishing communities of non-Buddhist mendicants of various religious outlooks, who lived as wandering spiritual seekers (śramaṇa) in India during the time of the Buddha. Often, these wandering practitioners of various religious paths would interact with each other and exchange views and practices, such as we hear in this scripture. Several of the Buddha’s foremost students, such as Śāriputra (a short form of Śāradvatīputra), were living the life of a wandering mendicant prior to meeting the Buddha.
n.­356
In the list of the twenty-seven realms located within the Heaven Free from Strife, which was given above (4.C.­4), this heaven is not included. Now it appears as the second realm.
n.­364
This realm is named the same way as the one just mentioned. Presumably this is a mistake, although it is unclear what an alternative name might be.
n.­398
It is unclear from the Tibetan text where the description of this realm begins. It is clear, however, that the description of the six stūpas that follows just below belongs to the realm of Moving in Gatherings. We have therefore inserted this headline at this point.
n.­537
Although this heading mentions twenty-two wholesome factors, only twenty-one are discussed in the text itself. See n.­538.
n.­543
Note that in the list presented at 4.C.­2634 this principle appears as the sixteenth.
n.­544
Note that in the list presented at 4.C.­2634 this principle appears as the seventeenth.
n.­545
Note that in the list presented at 4.C.­2634 this principle appears as the tenth.
n.­547
Note that in the list presented at 4.C.­2634 this principle appears as the eleventh.
n.­548
Note that in the list presented at 4.C.­2634 this principle appears as the twelfth.
n.­549
Note that in the list presented at 4.C.­2634 this principle appears as the thirteenth.
n.­550
Note that in the list presented at 4.C.­2634 this principle appears as the fourteenth.
n.­552
Note that in the list presented at 4.C.­2634 the corresponding principle appears as the fifteenth.
n.­553
Note that in the list presented at 4.C.­2634 this principle appears as the nineteenth.
n.­555
Note that in the list presented at 4.C.­2634 this principle appears as the twentieth.
n.­556
Note that in the list presented at 4.C.­2634 this principle appears as the twenty-first.
n.­557
Since one of the twenty-two points listed above (“gentle speech”) is not treated in the ensuing discussion, there are only twenty-one topics.
n.­558
It is unclear to us which (if any) of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife (mentioned above at 4.C.­4) this refers to.
n.­561
Note that the list at 4.C.­3018 enumerates this quality as the eighth.
n.­562
Note that the list at 4.C.­3018 enumerates this quality as the seventh.
n.­639
This name is a tentative rendering of the Tibetan ba len+d+ra.
n.­640
This name is a tentative rendering of the Tibetan ne bai pA la. According to the Tibetan colophon this person is said to have founded Jagaddala Monastery, an act normally linked to King Rāmapāla, whose reign also coincides with the time of composition of this colophon.
n.­641
Buchikpa means “only child.”
n.­642
This name means “light of insight.”

b.

Bibliography

’phags pa dam pa’i chos dran pa nye bar gzhag pa. Toh 287, Degé Kangyur vol. 68 (mdo sde, ya), folios 82a–318a; vol. 69 (mdo sde, ra), folios 1.b–307.a; vol. 70 (mdo sde, la), folios 1.b–312.a; and vol. 71 (mdo sde, sha), folios 1.b–229.b.

’phags pa dam pa’i chos dran pa nye bar gzhag pa. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), vol. 68, 238–842; vol. 69, 3–828; vol. 70, 3–821; and vol. 71, 3–603.

’phags pa dam pa’i chos dran pa nye bar gzhag pa. Stok Palace Kangyur, vol. 82 (mdo sde, ki), folios 1.b–378; vol. 83 (mdo sde, khi), folios 1.b–370.b; vol. 84 (mdo sde, gi), folios 1.b–383.b; and vol. 85 (mdo sde, ghi), folios 1.b–419.b.

Zhengfa nianchu jing 正法念處經. In Taishō Tripiṭaka. Edited by Junjirō Takakusu and Kaigyoku Watanabe. Vol. 17, no. 721.

Cabezón, José Ignacio. Sexuality in Classical South Asian Buddhism. Sommerville, MA: Wisdom Publications, 2017.

Demoto, Mitsuyo (2009). “Die 128 Nebenhöllen nach dem Saddharmasmṛ- tyupasthānasūtra.” Pāsādikadānam: Festschrift für Bhikkhu Pāsādika, edited by Martin Straube, Roland Steiner, Jayandra Soni, Michael Hahn, and Mitsuyo Demoto. Marburg: Indica et Tibetica Verlag, 2009: 61–88.

‍—‍—‍—, ed. Saddharma­smṛtyupasthāna­sūtra: Critical Edition of Ch. 3. Unpublished draft, last modified July 2012. PDF file.

Denkarma (pho brang stod thang ldan [/ lhan] dkar gyi chos ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Degé Tengyur, vol. 206 (sna tshogs, jo), folios 294.b–310.a.

Herrmann-Pfandt, Adelheid. Die lHan kar ma: ein früher Katalog der ins Tibetische übersetzten buddhistischen Texte. Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008.

Kritzer, Robert. Forthcoming. “Worms in Saddharma­smṛtyupasthāna­sūtra.” In Memorial Volume for Helmut Krasser. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

‍—‍—‍—(2020). “Meditation on the Body in Chapter 7 of Saddharma­smṛtyupasthāna­sūtra.” Religions 11, no. 6 (2020): 283.

Lin, Li-kuoung, & P. Demiéville. L’aide-mémoire de la vraie loi. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1949.

Mizuno, Kogen. “On the Ārya-saddharmasmrtyupasthāna-sūtra.” Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 12 (September 1964): 38–47.

Moretti, Costantino. “The Thirty-six Categories of ‘Hungry Ghosts’ Described in the Sūtra of the Foundations of Mindfulness of the True Law.” Fantômes dans l’Extrême-Orient D’hier et D’aujourd’hui. Edited by Vincent Durand Dastès, 43–69. Paris: INALCO, 2017.

Rangjung Dorjé (rang byung rdo rje). dam pa’i chos dran pa nye bar bzhag pa’i mdo yi don snang bar byed pa’i bstan bcos. Lhasa: bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, 2010.

Stuart, Daniel M. (2012). “A Less Traveled Path: Meditation and Textual Practice in the Saddharmasmṛtyupasthāna(sūtra).” PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley.

‍—‍—‍—(2015a). A Less Traveled Path: Saddharmasmṛtyupasthānasūtra Chapter 2, Critically edited with A Study on Its Structure and Significance for the Development of Buddhist Meditation. Sanskrit Texts from the Tibetan Autonomous Region (STTAR) 18. Beijing and Vienna: China Tibetology Publishing House and Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2015.

‍—‍—‍—(2015b). “Power in Practice: Cosmic Sovereignty Envisioned in Buddhism’s Middle Period.” The Critical Review for Buddhist Studies 18 (2015): 165–96.

‍—‍—‍—(2017a). “Yogācāra Substrata? Precedent Frames for Yogācāra Thought among Third-Century Yoga Practitioners in Greater Gandhāra.” Journal of Indian Philosophy 46 (October 2017): 193–240.

‍—‍—‍—(2017b). “Unmanifest Perceptions: Mind-Matter Interdependence and Its Consequences in Buddhist Thought and Practice.” In Śrāvakabhūmi and Buddhist Manuscripts, edited by Jundo Nagashima and Seongcheol Kim, 109–71. Tokyo: Nombre, 2017.

‍—‍—‍—(2019). “Becoming Animal: Karma and the Animal Realm Envisioned through an Early Yogācāra Lens.” Religions 10, no. 6 (2019): 363.

van der Kuijp, Leonard W. J. “On the Vicissitudes of Subhūticandra’s Kāmadhenu Commentary on the Amarakoṣa in Tibet.” Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies, no. 5 (December 2009): 1–105.

Wallace, Vesna A., ed. Saddharma­smṛtyupasthāna­sūtra: Critical Edition of Ch. 1. Unpublished draft, last modified May 10, 2020. PDF file.


g.

Glossary

g.­1

A Thousand Houses

  • khang bu stong
  • ཁང་བུ་སྟོང་།
  • —

Refers to Encircled by a Thousand Houses in Ornament of the Mind.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 4.C.­428
g.­2

Abhayākaragupta

  • a bha ya ka ra gup+ta
  • ཨ་བྷ་ཡ་ཀ་ར་གུཔྟ།
  • Abhayā­kara­gupta

An Indian paṇḍita involved in translating this sūtra.

2 passages contain this term:

  • i.­5
  • c.­4
g.­3

Abhidharma

  • chos mngon pa
  • ཆོས་མངོན་པ།
  • abhidharma

The Buddha’s teachings regarding subjects such as wisdom, psychology, metaphysics, and cosmology.

5 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­940
  • c.­5
  • n.­193
  • g.­15
  • g.­1288

Links to further resources:

  • 3 related glossary entries
g.­18

Aḍitacandra

  • a Di ta tsan+d+ra
  • ཨ་ཌི་ཏ་ཙནྡྲ།
  • Aḍitacandra

Indian paṇḍita referred to in the sūtra’s colophon

2 passages contain this term:

  • i.­5
  • c.­5
g.­41

Alms

  • bsod snyoms
  • བསོད་སྙོམས།
  • piṇḍapāta

The sharing of merit as food, drink, etc. is offered to members of the saṅgha.

31 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • p.­2
  • p.­4
  • p.­5
  • p.­8
  • 2.­79
  • 2.­95
  • 2.­149
  • 2.­150
  • 2.­445
  • 2.­723
  • 2.­837
  • 4.B.­367
  • 4.B.­469
  • 4.B.­1000
  • 4.B.­1143
  • 4.B.­1159
  • 4.B.­1162
  • 4.C.­910
  • 4.C.­1083
  • 4.C.­1218
  • 4.C.­1219
  • 4.C.­1223
  • 4.C.­1475
  • 4.C.­1574
  • 4.C.­2455
  • 4.C.­2510
  • 4.C.­2734
  • 4.C.­2737
  • 4.C.­2757
  • 5.­57

Links to further resources:

  • 2 related glossary entries
g.­48

Animal

  • dud ’gro
  • དུད་འགྲོ།
  • tīryak

One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, who suffer from gross ignorance or bewilderment (gti mug, moha). They inhabit the realm of desire along with human beings.

512 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­20
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­26
  • 1.­27
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­30
  • 1.­31
  • 1.­32
  • 1.­33
  • 1.­34
  • 1.­37
  • 1.­40
  • 1.­53
  • 1.­76
  • 1.­81
  • 1.­97
  • 1.­114
  • 1.­120
  • 2.­61
  • 2.­122
  • 2.­128
  • 2.­131
  • 2.­134
  • 2.­136
  • 2.­177
  • 2.­214
  • 2.­219
  • 2.­228
  • 2.­233
  • 2.­239
  • 2.­245
  • 2.­246
  • 2.­248
  • 2.­264
  • 2.­265
  • 2.­266
  • 2.­268
  • 2.­302
  • 2.­303
  • 2.­313
  • 2.­316
  • 2.­317
  • 2.­320
  • 2.­349
  • 2.­362
  • 2.­377
  • 2.­389
  • 2.­391
  • 2.­393
  • 2.­395
  • 2.­398
  • 2.­399
  • 2.­400
  • 2.­403
  • 2.­406
  • 2.­409
  • 2.­416
  • 2.­428
  • 2.­431
  • 2.­433
  • 2.­437
  • 2.­442
  • 2.­445
  • 2.­448
  • 2.­477
  • 2.­481
  • 2.­485
  • 2.­499
  • 2.­503
  • 2.­506
  • 2.­509
  • 2.­513
  • 2.­517
  • 2.­520
  • 2.­523
  • 2.­526
  • 2.­530
  • 2.­533
  • 2.­536
  • 2.­539
  • 2.­548
  • 2.­569
  • 2.­576
  • 2.­583
  • 2.­605
  • 2.­609
  • 2.­612
  • 2.­615
  • 2.­618
  • 2.­621
  • 2.­625
  • 2.­629
  • 2.­634
  • 2.­638
  • 2.­641
  • 2.­644
  • 2.­648
  • 2.­652
  • 2.­679
  • 2.­696
  • 2.­701
  • 2.­704
  • 2.­720
  • 2.­723
  • 2.­730
  • 2.­754
  • 2.­762
  • 2.­765
  • 2.­776
  • 2.­780
  • 2.­866
  • 2.­870
  • 2.­874
  • 2.­887
  • 2.­892
  • 2.­895
  • 2.­905
  • 2.­914
  • 2.­918
  • 2.­920
  • 2.­924
  • 2.­930
  • 2.­935
  • 2.­940
  • 2.­943
  • 2.­946
  • 2.­950
  • 2.­1039
  • 2.­1141
  • 2.­1142
  • 2.­1155
  • 2.­1158
  • 2.­1162
  • 2.­1183
  • 2.­1188
  • 2.­1201
  • 2.­1205
  • 2.­1219
  • 2.­1222
  • 2.­1225
  • 2.­1251
  • 2.­1261
  • 2.­1264
  • 2.­1296
  • 2.­1298
  • 2.­1355
  • 3.­6
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­9
  • 3.­10
  • 3.­11
  • 3.­12
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­14
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­16
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­18
  • 3.­19
  • 3.­20
  • 3.­22
  • 3.­23
  • 3.­24
  • 3.­25
  • 3.­27
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­29
  • 3.­31
  • 3.­32
  • 3.­33
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­36
  • 3.­62
  • 3.­63
  • 3.­78
  • 3.­86
  • 3.­93
  • 3.­128
  • 3.­131
  • 3.­184
  • 3.­194
  • 3.­195
  • 3.­252
  • 3.­269
  • 3.­320
  • 3.­335
  • 3.­347
  • 3.­350
  • 3.­353
  • 3.­379
  • 4.­1
  • 4.A.­3
  • 4.A.­33
  • 4.A.­53
  • 4.A.­58
  • 4.A.­69
  • 4.A.­80
  • 4.A.­82
  • 4.A.­85
  • 4.A.­88
  • 4.A.­92
  • 4.A.­97
  • 4.A.­101
  • 4.A.­107
  • 4.A.­131
  • 4.A.­133
  • 4.A.­136
  • 4.A.­157
  • 4.A.­162
  • 4.A.­182
  • 4.A.­201
  • 4.A.­204
  • 4.A.­207
  • 4.A.­216
  • 4.A.­220
  • 4.A.­223
  • 4.A.­246
  • 4.A.­259
  • 4.A.­262
  • 4.A.­265
  • 4.A.­269
  • 4.A.­275
  • 4.A.­279
  • 4.A.­298
  • 4.A.­303
  • 4.A.­311
  • 4.A.­322
  • 4.A.­331
  • 4.A.­338
  • 4.A.­345
  • 4.A.­377
  • 4.A.­381
  • 4.A.­398
  • 4.A.­402
  • 4.A.­406
  • 4.B.­101
  • 4.B.­102
  • 4.B.­103
  • 4.B.­106
  • 4.B.­115
  • 4.B.­125
  • 4.B.­128
  • 4.B.­153
  • 4.B.­158
  • 4.B.­194
  • 4.B.­204
  • 4.B.­214
  • 4.B.­234
  • 4.B.­262
  • 4.B.­263
  • 4.B.­293
  • 4.B.­295
  • 4.B.­314
  • 4.B.­320
  • 4.B.­338
  • 4.B.­350
  • 4.B.­358
  • 4.B.­366
  • 4.B.­395
  • 4.B.­405
  • 4.B.­412
  • 4.B.­424
  • 4.B.­450
  • 4.B.­466
  • 4.B.­467
  • 4.B.­500
  • 4.B.­503
  • 4.B.­504
  • 4.B.­506
  • 4.B.­524
  • 4.B.­529
  • 4.B.­542
  • 4.B.­583
  • 4.B.­585
  • 4.B.­586
  • 4.B.­692
  • 4.B.­715
  • 4.B.­718
  • 4.B.­748
  • 4.B.­753
  • 4.B.­754
  • 4.B.­755
  • 4.B.­783
  • 4.B.­784
  • 4.B.­814
  • 4.B.­845
  • 4.B.­846
  • 4.B.­847
  • 4.B.­848
  • 4.B.­849
  • 4.B.­850
  • 4.B.­860
  • 4.B.­864
  • 4.B.­877
  • 4.B.­894
  • 4.B.­938
  • 4.B.­962
  • 4.B.­987
  • 4.B.­998
  • 4.B.­1001
  • 4.B.­1029
  • 4.B.­1071
  • 4.B.­1079
  • 4.B.­1113
  • 4.B.­1211
  • 4.B.­1212
  • 4.B.­1213
  • 4.B.­1222
  • 4.B.­1238
  • 4.B.­1244
  • 4.B.­1245
  • 4.B.­1246
  • 4.B.­1247
  • 4.B.­1248
  • 4.B.­1249
  • 4.B.­1253
  • 4.B.­1293
  • 4.B.­1300
  • 4.B.­1326
  • 4.B.­1355
  • 4.B.­1374
  • 4.B.­1379
  • 4.B.­1393
  • 4.C.­105
  • 4.C.­106
  • 4.C.­115
  • 4.C.­117
  • 4.C.­170
  • 4.C.­179
  • 4.C.­235
  • 4.C.­236
  • 4.C.­263
  • 4.C.­270
  • 4.C.­273
  • 4.C.­334
  • 4.C.­394
  • 4.C.­422
  • 4.C.­511
  • 4.C.­531
  • 4.C.­535
  • 4.C.­597
  • 4.C.­607
  • 4.C.­613
  • 4.C.­623
  • 4.C.­692
  • 4.C.­693
  • 4.C.­694
  • 4.C.­707
  • 4.C.­727
  • 4.C.­789
  • 4.C.­821
  • 4.C.­835
  • 4.C.­891
  • 4.C.­956
  • 4.C.­975
  • 4.C.­1009
  • 4.C.­1039
  • 4.C.­1048
  • 4.C.­1070
  • 4.C.­1096
  • 4.C.­1101
  • 4.C.­1116
  • 4.C.­1117
  • 4.C.­1124
  • 4.C.­1185
  • 4.C.­1218
  • 4.C.­1227
  • 4.C.­1228
  • 4.C.­1229
  • 4.C.­1231
  • 4.C.­1241
  • 4.C.­1246
  • 4.C.­1252
  • 4.C.­1256
  • 4.C.­1257
  • 4.C.­1294
  • 4.C.­1330
  • 4.C.­1343
  • 4.C.­1353
  • 4.C.­1358
  • 4.C.­1359
  • 4.C.­1363
  • 4.C.­1375
  • 4.C.­1382
  • 4.C.­1383
  • 4.C.­1384
  • 4.C.­1387
  • 4.C.­1389
  • 4.C.­1391
  • 4.C.­1395
  • 4.C.­1434
  • 4.C.­1482
  • 4.C.­1496
  • 4.C.­1520
  • 4.C.­1557
  • 4.C.­1575
  • 4.C.­1576
  • 4.C.­1651
  • 4.C.­1662
  • 4.C.­1734
  • 4.C.­1754
  • 4.C.­1839
  • 4.C.­1918
  • 4.C.­1952
  • 4.C.­1956
  • 4.C.­1969
  • 4.C.­2022
  • 4.C.­2105
  • 4.C.­2161
  • 4.C.­2221
  • 4.C.­2244
  • 4.C.­2248
  • 4.C.­2262
  • 4.C.­2265
  • 4.C.­2291
  • 4.C.­2292
  • 4.C.­2293
  • 4.C.­2301
  • 4.C.­2337
  • 4.C.­2441
  • 4.C.­2467
  • 4.C.­2492
  • 4.C.­2496
  • 4.C.­2521
  • 4.C.­2522
  • 4.C.­2525
  • 4.C.­2533
  • 4.C.­2535
  • 4.C.­2550
  • 4.C.­2576
  • 4.C.­2600
  • 4.C.­2621
  • 4.C.­2638
  • 4.C.­2639
  • 4.C.­2646
  • 4.C.­2652
  • 4.C.­2666
  • 4.C.­2705
  • 4.C.­2706
  • 4.C.­2746
  • 4.C.­2747
  • 4.C.­2748
  • 4.C.­2750
  • 4.C.­2752
  • 4.C.­2753
  • 4.C.­2754
  • 4.C.­2835
  • 4.C.­2839
  • 4.C.­2859
  • 4.C.­2884
  • 4.C.­2886
  • 4.C.­2938
  • 4.C.­2951
  • 4.C.­2983
  • 4.C.­2993
  • 4.C.­3028
  • 4.C.­3031
  • 4.C.­3041
  • 4.C.­3051
  • 4.C.­3058
  • 4.C.­3087
  • 5.­6
  • 5.­34
  • 5.­35
  • 5.­36
  • 5.­248
  • 5.­279
  • 5.­309
  • 5.­315
  • 5.­345
  • 5.­346
  • 5.­348
  • 5.­351
  • 5.­366
  • 5.­372
  • 5.­375
  • 5.­396
  • 5.­403
  • 5.­410
  • 5.­413
  • 5.­419
  • n.­157
  • n.­159
  • n.­175
  • n.­203
  • n.­204
  • n.­207
  • n.­208
  • n.­209
  • n.­327
  • n.­328
  • n.­329
  • n.­330
  • n.­331
  • n.­332
  • n.­333
  • n.­334
  • n.­335
  • n.­336
  • n.­337
  • n.­338
  • n.­339
  • n.­340
  • n.­507
  • n.­508
  • n.­509
  • g.­446
  • g.­781

Links to further resources:

  • 3 related glossary entries
g.­104

Blazing Splendor

  • gzi brjid ’bar ba
  • གཟི་བརྗིད་འབར་བ།
  • Tejomālinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

4 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­693
  • g.­165
  • g.­1031
g.­105

Blessed One

  • bcom ldan ’das
  • བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
  • bhagavān

In Buddhist literature, an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generically means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts this term implies that a buddha is in possession of six auspicious qualities (bhaga) associated with complete awakening. The Tibetan term‍—where bcom is said to refer to “subduing” the four māras, ldan to “possessing” the great qualities of buddhahood, and ’das to “going beyond” saṃsāra and nirvāṇa‍—possibly reflects the commentarial tradition where the Sanskrit bhagavat is interpreted, in addition, as “one who destroys the four māras.” This is achieved either by reading bhagavat as bhagnavat (“one who broke”), or by tracing the word bhaga to the root √bhañj, “to break.”

191 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • p.­2
  • p.­6
  • p.­7
  • p.­8
  • p.­9
  • p.­10
  • 1.­79
  • 2.­113
  • 3.­56
  • 4.A.­54
  • 4.A.­84
  • 4.A.­86
  • 4.A.­87
  • 4.A.­88
  • 4.B.­107
  • 4.B.­108
  • 4.B.­142
  • 4.B.­145
  • 4.B.­326
  • 4.B.­328
  • 4.B.­331
  • 4.B.­335
  • 4.B.­337
  • 4.B.­592
  • 4.B.­605
  • 4.B.­657
  • 4.B.­661
  • 4.B.­662
  • 4.B.­674
  • 4.B.­676
  • 4.B.­677
  • 4.B.­688
  • 4.B.­689
  • 4.B.­690
  • 4.B.­719
  • 4.B.­811
  • 4.B.­812
  • 4.B.­826
  • 4.B.­829
  • 4.B.­830
  • 4.B.­841
  • 4.B.­843
  • 4.B.­844
  • 4.B.­859
  • 4.B.­1154
  • 4.B.­1168
  • 4.B.­1181
  • 4.B.­1183
  • 4.B.­1224
  • 4.B.­1281
  • 4.C.­87
  • 4.C.­88
  • 4.C.­89
  • 4.C.­90
  • 4.C.­91
  • 4.C.­92
  • 4.C.­93
  • 4.C.­94
  • 4.C.­95
  • 4.C.­96
  • 4.C.­97
  • 4.C.­99
  • 4.C.­101
  • 4.C.­103
  • 4.C.­104
  • 4.C.­105
  • 4.C.­118
  • 4.C.­131
  • 4.C.­132
  • 4.C.­133
  • 4.C.­134
  • 4.C.­135
  • 4.C.­136
  • 4.C.­137
  • 4.C.­138
  • 4.C.­139
  • 4.C.­141
  • 4.C.­144
  • 4.C.­167
  • 4.C.­708
  • 4.C.­814
  • 4.C.­815
  • 4.C.­817
  • 4.C.­822
  • 4.C.­832
  • 4.C.­837
  • 4.C.­842
  • 4.C.­846
  • 4.C.­848
  • 4.C.­874
  • 4.C.­894
  • 4.C.­911
  • 4.C.­917
  • 4.C.­919
  • 4.C.­936
  • 4.C.­948
  • 4.C.­957
  • 4.C.­988
  • 4.C.­1013
  • 4.C.­1015
  • 4.C.­1050
  • 4.C.­1052
  • 4.C.­1071
  • 4.C.­1076
  • 4.C.­1172
  • 4.C.­1183
  • 4.C.­1199
  • 4.C.­1210
  • 4.C.­1221
  • 4.C.­1226
  • 4.C.­1230
  • 4.C.­1231
  • 4.C.­1235
  • 4.C.­1236
  • 4.C.­1238
  • 4.C.­1245
  • 4.C.­1246
  • 4.C.­1261
  • 4.C.­1267
  • 4.C.­1268
  • 4.C.­1270
  • 4.C.­1271
  • 4.C.­1272
  • 4.C.­1289
  • 4.C.­1296
  • 4.C.­1299
  • 4.C.­1318
  • 4.C.­1319
  • 4.C.­1320
  • 4.C.­1321
  • 4.C.­1322
  • 4.C.­1323
  • 4.C.­1324
  • 4.C.­1337
  • 4.C.­1338
  • 4.C.­1339
  • 4.C.­1350
  • 4.C.­1355
  • 4.C.­1369
  • 4.C.­1373
  • 4.C.­1398
  • 4.C.­1443
  • 4.C.­1452
  • 4.C.­1476
  • 4.C.­1485
  • 4.C.­1495
  • 4.C.­1501
  • 4.C.­1512
  • 4.C.­1517
  • 4.C.­1526
  • 4.C.­1542
  • 4.C.­1547
  • 4.C.­1558
  • 4.C.­1569
  • 4.C.­1577
  • 4.C.­1578
  • 4.C.­1723
  • 4.C.­1727
  • 4.C.­1910
  • 4.C.­2177
  • 4.C.­2178
  • 4.C.­2261
  • 4.C.­2445
  • 4.C.­2447
  • 4.C.­2457
  • 4.C.­2477
  • 4.C.­2485
  • 4.C.­2490
  • 4.C.­2495
  • 4.C.­2499
  • 4.C.­2520
  • 4.C.­2530
  • 4.C.­2567
  • 4.C.­2631
  • 4.C.­2648
  • 4.C.­2723
  • 4.C.­2771
  • 4.C.­2780
  • 4.C.­2948
  • 4.C.­3005
  • 4.C.­3017
  • 4.C.­3022
  • 4.C.­3053
  • 4.C.­3086
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­32
  • 5.­383
  • 5.­429
  • n.­353

Links to further resources:

  • 120 related glossary entries
g.­129

Brahmin

  • bram ze
  • བྲམ་ཟེ།
  • brāhmaṇa

A member of the brahmin caste.

174 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • p.­2
  • p.­6
  • p.­9
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­47
  • 1.­131
  • 2.­153
  • 2.­155
  • 2.­348
  • 2.­936
  • 2.­956
  • 2.­1205
  • 2.­1282
  • 2.­1294
  • 2.­1298
  • 2.­1299
  • 2.­1309
  • 2.­1404
  • 2.­1422
  • 3.­43
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­55
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­68
  • 3.­70
  • 3.­87
  • 3.­89
  • 3.­92
  • 3.­99
  • 3.­104
  • 3.­108
  • 3.­110
  • 3.­111
  • 3.­112
  • 3.­114
  • 3.­115
  • 3.­120
  • 3.­121
  • 3.­122
  • 3.­123
  • 3.­134
  • 3.­164
  • 3.­179
  • 3.­198
  • 3.­200
  • 3.­201
  • 3.­202
  • 3.­207
  • 3.­210
  • 3.­213
  • 3.­236
  • 3.­273
  • 3.­300
  • 3.­312
  • 3.­313
  • 3.­372
  • 4.A.­83
  • 4.A.­92
  • 4.A.­263
  • 4.B.­58
  • 4.B.­120
  • 4.B.­122
  • 4.B.­226
  • 4.B.­227
  • 4.B.­229
  • 4.B.­264
  • 4.B.­265
  • 4.B.­266
  • 4.B.­267
  • 4.B.­268
  • 4.B.­316
  • 4.B.­319
  • 4.B.­322
  • 4.B.­325
  • 4.B.­335
  • 4.B.­584
  • 4.B.­718
  • 4.B.­749
  • 4.B.­906
  • 4.B.­907
  • 4.B.­910
  • 4.B.­912
  • 4.B.­913
  • 4.B.­914
  • 4.B.­916
  • 4.B.­918
  • 4.B.­1073
  • 4.C.­99
  • 4.C.­815
  • 4.C.­846
  • 4.C.­910
  • 4.C.­930
  • 4.C.­1017
  • 4.C.­1259
  • 4.C.­1297
  • 4.C.­1299
  • 4.C.­1320
  • 4.C.­1324
  • 4.C.­1443
  • 4.C.­1449
  • 4.C.­1450
  • 4.C.­1919
  • 4.C.­1931
  • 4.C.­1943
  • 4.C.­2639
  • 4.C.­2640
  • 4.C.­2646
  • 4.C.­2650
  • 4.C.­2669
  • 4.C.­2670
  • 4.C.­2671
  • 4.C.­2704
  • 4.C.­2708
  • 4.C.­2731
  • 4.C.­2745
  • 4.C.­2746
  • 4.C.­2748
  • 4.C.­2750
  • 4.C.­2751
  • 4.C.­2752
  • 4.C.­2755
  • 4.C.­2756
  • 4.C.­2757
  • 4.C.­2758
  • 4.C.­2778
  • 4.C.­2820
  • 4.C.­2822
  • 4.C.­2838
  • 4.C.­2842
  • 4.C.­2843
  • 4.C.­2859
  • 4.C.­2861
  • 4.C.­2862
  • 4.C.­2863
  • 4.C.­2864
  • 4.C.­2874
  • 4.C.­2880
  • 4.C.­2881
  • 4.C.­2882
  • 4.C.­2883
  • 4.C.­2884
  • 4.C.­2886
  • 4.C.­2887
  • 4.C.­2888
  • 4.C.­2890
  • 4.C.­2904
  • 4.C.­2905
  • 4.C.­2907
  • 4.C.­2908
  • 4.C.­2909
  • 4.C.­2910
  • 4.C.­2918
  • 4.C.­2919
  • 4.C.­2920
  • 4.C.­2922
  • 4.C.­2923
  • 4.C.­2924
  • 4.C.­2925
  • 4.C.­2928
  • 4.C.­2938
  • 4.C.­2939
  • 4.C.­3024
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­37
  • 5.­57
  • 5.­123
  • 5.­206
  • 5.­228
  • 5.­420
  • 5.­427
  • g.­388
  • g.­887
  • g.­1259

Links to further resources:

  • 25 related glossary entries
g.­257

Cyclic existence

  • ’khor ba
  • འཁོར་བ།
  • saṃsāra

The cycle of birth and death driven by mental afflictions and karmic actions.

341 passages contain this term:

  • i.­2
  • 1.­20
  • 1.­38
  • 1.­53
  • 1.­78
  • 1.­80
  • 1.­81
  • 1.­91
  • 1.­113
  • 1.­114
  • 1.­115
  • 1.­118
  • 1.­133
  • 1.­138
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­61
  • 2.­63
  • 2.­71
  • 2.­118
  • 2.­119
  • 2.­121
  • 2.­124
  • 2.­129
  • 2.­130
  • 2.­131
  • 2.­141
  • 2.­202
  • 2.­206
  • 2.­210
  • 2.­229
  • 2.­232
  • 2.­233
  • 2.­242
  • 2.­243
  • 2.­246
  • 2.­247
  • 2.­261
  • 2.­266
  • 2.­279
  • 2.­281
  • 2.­291
  • 2.­293
  • 2.­310
  • 2.­318
  • 2.­327
  • 2.­347
  • 2.­349
  • 2.­424
  • 2.­438
  • 2.­443
  • 2.­449
  • 2.­561
  • 2.­571
  • 2.­576
  • 2.­585
  • 2.­638
  • 2.­708
  • 2.­778
  • 2.­782
  • 2.­806
  • 2.­823
  • 2.­862
  • 2.­952
  • 2.­954
  • 2.­957
  • 2.­959
  • 2.­1025
  • 2.­1143
  • 2.­1146
  • 2.­1148
  • 2.­1244
  • 2.­1253
  • 2.­1256
  • 2.­1263
  • 2.­1265
  • 2.­1273
  • 2.­1286
  • 2.­1300
  • 2.­1303
  • 2.­1305
  • 2.­1309
  • 2.­1312
  • 2.­1323
  • 2.­1327
  • 2.­1330
  • 2.­1333
  • 2.­1335
  • 2.­1337
  • 2.­1340
  • 2.­1343
  • 2.­1345
  • 2.­1348
  • 2.­1350
  • 2.­1353
  • 2.­1356
  • 2.­1392
  • 2.­1400
  • 2.­1425
  • 2.­1481
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­4
  • 3.­10
  • 3.­56
  • 3.­131
  • 3.­376
  • 3.­377
  • 4.A.­3
  • 4.A.­26
  • 4.A.­80
  • 4.A.­151
  • 4.A.­152
  • 4.A.­177
  • 4.A.­181
  • 4.A.­200
  • 4.A.­245
  • 4.A.­253
  • 4.A.­258
  • 4.A.­326
  • 4.A.­349
  • 4.A.­358
  • 4.A.­388
  • 4.A.­409
  • 4.A.­410
  • 4.A.­419
  • 4.B.­103
  • 4.B.­116
  • 4.B.­117
  • 4.B.­118
  • 4.B.­119
  • 4.B.­144
  • 4.B.­146
  • 4.B.­270
  • 4.B.­365
  • 4.B.­630
  • 4.B.­663
  • 4.B.­671
  • 4.B.­683
  • 4.B.­692
  • 4.B.­788
  • 4.B.­796
  • 4.B.­814
  • 4.B.­859
  • 4.B.­934
  • 4.B.­988
  • 4.B.­1079
  • 4.B.­1128
  • 4.B.­1165
  • 4.B.­1183
  • 4.B.­1188
  • 4.B.­1211
  • 4.B.­1214
  • 4.B.­1230
  • 4.B.­1242
  • 4.B.­1275
  • 4.B.­1281
  • 4.B.­1289
  • 4.B.­1313
  • 4.B.­1317
  • 4.B.­1330
  • 4.B.­1395
  • 4.B.­1408
  • 4.C.­2
  • 4.C.­9
  • 4.C.­23
  • 4.C.­29
  • 4.C.­105
  • 4.C.­115
  • 4.C.­117
  • 4.C.­124
  • 4.C.­143
  • 4.C.­155
  • 4.C.­243
  • 4.C.­248
  • 4.C.­322
  • 4.C.­325
  • 4.C.­404
  • 4.C.­447
  • 4.C.­460
  • 4.C.­461
  • 4.C.­469
  • 4.C.­543
  • 4.C.­545
  • 4.C.­546
  • 4.C.­592
  • 4.C.­595
  • 4.C.­598
  • 4.C.­622
  • 4.C.­631
  • 4.C.­654
  • 4.C.­659
  • 4.C.­691
  • 4.C.­692
  • 4.C.­748
  • 4.C.­825
  • 4.C.­846
  • 4.C.­849
  • 4.C.­853
  • 4.C.­886
  • 4.C.­891
  • 4.C.­914
  • 4.C.­927
  • 4.C.­987
  • 4.C.­1013
  • 4.C.­1049
  • 4.C.­1050
  • 4.C.­1058
  • 4.C.­1077
  • 4.C.­1092
  • 4.C.­1101
  • 4.C.­1102
  • 4.C.­1111
  • 4.C.­1114
  • 4.C.­1155
  • 4.C.­1227
  • 4.C.­1228
  • 4.C.­1233
  • 4.C.­1235
  • 4.C.­1238
  • 4.C.­1246
  • 4.C.­1247
  • 4.C.­1254
  • 4.C.­1259
  • 4.C.­1266
  • 4.C.­1268
  • 4.C.­1288
  • 4.C.­1295
  • 4.C.­1320
  • 4.C.­1322
  • 4.C.­1324
  • 4.C.­1342
  • 4.C.­1354
  • 4.C.­1356
  • 4.C.­1360
  • 4.C.­1383
  • 4.C.­1384
  • 4.C.­1388
  • 4.C.­1389
  • 4.C.­1421
  • 4.C.­1431
  • 4.C.­1434
  • 4.C.­1435
  • 4.C.­1451
  • 4.C.­1496
  • 4.C.­1497
  • 4.C.­1514
  • 4.C.­1539
  • 4.C.­1575
  • 4.C.­1587
  • 4.C.­1588
  • 4.C.­1609
  • 4.C.­1731
  • 4.C.­1744
  • 4.C.­1895
  • 4.C.­1912
  • 4.C.­1920
  • 4.C.­1934
  • 4.C.­1951
  • 4.C.­1969
  • 4.C.­1976
  • 4.C.­2026
  • 4.C.­2028
  • 4.C.­2112
  • 4.C.­2135
  • 4.C.­2140
  • 4.C.­2177
  • 4.C.­2218
  • 4.C.­2222
  • 4.C.­2224
  • 4.C.­2245
  • 4.C.­2260
  • 4.C.­2262
  • 4.C.­2270
  • 4.C.­2285
  • 4.C.­2287
  • 4.C.­2294
  • 4.C.­2297
  • 4.C.­2369
  • 4.C.­2370
  • 4.C.­2397
  • 4.C.­2446
  • 4.C.­2447
  • 4.C.­2477
  • 4.C.­2481
  • 4.C.­2482
  • 4.C.­2483
  • 4.C.­2484
  • 4.C.­2511
  • 4.C.­2533
  • 4.C.­2542
  • 4.C.­2556
  • 4.C.­2561
  • 4.C.­2624
  • 4.C.­2637
  • 4.C.­2665
  • 4.C.­2684
  • 4.C.­2687
  • 4.C.­2701
  • 4.C.­2706
  • 4.C.­2739
  • 4.C.­2755
  • 4.C.­2756
  • 4.C.­2772
  • 4.C.­2776
  • 4.C.­2821
  • 4.C.­2834
  • 4.C.­2877
  • 4.C.­2882
  • 4.C.­2888
  • 4.C.­2902
  • 4.C.­2906
  • 4.C.­2928
  • 4.C.­2938
  • 4.C.­3017
  • 4.C.­3018
  • 4.C.­3019
  • 4.C.­3020
  • 4.C.­3024
  • 4.C.­3025
  • 4.C.­3028
  • 4.C.­3031
  • 4.C.­3036
  • 4.C.­3051
  • 4.C.­3052
  • 4.C.­3064
  • 4.C.­3068
  • 5.­36
  • 5.­192
  • 5.­315
  • 5.­336
  • 5.­362
  • 5.­366
  • 5.­372
  • 5.­397
  • 5.­403
  • 5.­417
  • 5.­426
  • c.­9
  • g.­446
  • g.­1142
  • g.­1337

Links to further resources:

  • 31 related glossary entries
g.­286

Devapāla

  • de ba phA la
  • དེ་བ་ཕཱ་ལ།
  • Devapāla

The Indian king who established Vikramaśīla.

1 passage contains this term:

  • c.­5
g.­293

Distinguished in Many Colorful Ways

  • bkra ba sna tshogs kyis phye ba
  • བཀྲ་བ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ཕྱེ་བ།
  • Nānā­bhakta­vicitrā

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

5 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­501
  • 4.B.­507
  • g.­698
  • g.­1367
g.­297

Divine eye

  • lha’i mig
  • ལྷའི་མིག
  • divyacakṣus

Superknowledge achieved by the power of meditative absorption.

346 passages contain this term:

  • i.­2
  • 1.­4
  • 1.­19
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­27
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­30
  • 1.­31
  • 1.­32
  • 1.­33
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­55
  • 1.­75
  • 1.­76
  • 1.­78
  • 1.­82
  • 1.­83
  • 1.­85
  • 1.­87
  • 1.­88
  • 1.­89
  • 1.­91
  • 1.­92
  • 1.­93
  • 1.­97
  • 1.­98
  • 1.­99
  • 1.­100
  • 1.­101
  • 1.­102
  • 1.­111
  • 1.­113
  • 1.­146
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­8
  • 2.­33
  • 2.­38
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­64
  • 2.­125
  • 2.­163
  • 2.­179
  • 2.­230
  • 2.­249
  • 2.­258
  • 2.­263
  • 2.­266
  • 2.­296
  • 2.­297
  • 2.­301
  • 2.­304
  • 2.­310
  • 2.­956
  • 2.­1151
  • 2.­1379
  • 3.­91
  • 3.­106
  • 3.­130
  • 4.A.­205
  • 4.B.­426
  • 4.B.­749
  • 4.B.­752
  • 4.C.­99
  • 4.C.­610
  • 4.C.­2264
  • 4.C.­2577
  • 4.C.­2952
  • 5.­7
  • 5.­9
  • 5.­10
  • 5.­11
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­13
  • 5.­14
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­18
  • 5.­19
  • 5.­20
  • 5.­21
  • 5.­22
  • 5.­24
  • 5.­25
  • 5.­26
  • 5.­27
  • 5.­28
  • 5.­29
  • 5.­30
  • 5.­31
  • 5.­32
  • 5.­33
  • 5.­34
  • 5.­35
  • 5.­38
  • 5.­39
  • 5.­40
  • 5.­42
  • 5.­43
  • 5.­44
  • 5.­45
  • 5.­46
  • 5.­47
  • 5.­48
  • 5.­49
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­51
  • 5.­52
  • 5.­53
  • 5.­54
  • 5.­55
  • 5.­56
  • 5.­58
  • 5.­60
  • 5.­61
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  • 5.­64
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  • 5.­113
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  • 5.­116
  • 5.­117
  • 5.­118
  • 5.­119
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  • 5.­121
  • 5.­122
  • 5.­123
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  • 5.­128
  • 5.­129
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  • 5.­133
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  • 5.­143
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  • 5.­145
  • 5.­146
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  • 5.­148
  • 5.­149
  • 5.­150
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  • 5.­156
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  • 5.­160
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  • 5.­166
  • 5.­167
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  • 5.­188
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  • 5.­231
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  • 5.­257
  • 5.­258
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  • 5.­262
  • 5.­263
  • 5.­264
  • 5.­265
  • 5.­266
  • 5.­270
  • 5.­272
  • 5.­274
  • 5.­277
  • 5.­281
  • 5.­282
  • 5.­286
  • 5.­287
  • 5.­289
  • 5.­291
  • 5.­293
  • 5.­295
  • 5.­296
  • 5.­298
  • 5.­299
  • 5.­300
  • 5.­301
  • 5.­304
  • 5.­305
  • 5.­310
  • 5.­316
  • 5.­319
  • 5.­321
  • 5.­322
  • 5.­323
  • 5.­325
  • 5.­326
  • 5.­328
  • 5.­329
  • 5.­331
  • 5.­337
  • 5.­338
  • 5.­344
  • 5.­349
  • 5.­353
  • 5.­363
  • 5.­367
  • 5.­373
  • 5.­377
  • 5.­379
  • 5.­380
  • 5.­382
  • 5.­386
  • 5.­388
  • 5.­393
  • 5.­395
  • 5.­399
  • 5.­405
  • 5.­410
  • 5.­413
  • 5.­417
  • 5.­419
  • 5.­425

Links to further resources:

  • 6 related glossary entries
g.­303

Draped with Jewels

  • nor bu’i phyang
  • ནོར་བུའི་ཕྱང་།
  • Maṇicīra

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

10 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­939
  • 4.B.­942
  • 4.B.­946
  • 4.B.­947
  • 4.B.­985
  • 4.B.­998
  • g.­188
  • g.­227
  • g.­1198
g.­311

Dwelling by the Pārijāta Tree

  • yongs ’du na gnas pa
  • ཡོངས་འདུ་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Pāriyātraka­nivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­321
g.­312

Dwelling in Beauty

  • rnam mdzes na gnas pa
  • རྣམ་མཛེས་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Vaibhrāja­nivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

4 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­294
  • 4.B.­297
  • g.­84
g.­313

Dwelling in Enjoyment

  • dga’ byed gnas pa
  • དགའ་བྱེད་གནས་པ།
  • Nandana­nivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

3 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­235
  • g.­375
g.­314

Dwelling in Essence of Jewels

  • nor bu’i snying po na gnas pa
  • ནོར་བུའི་སྙིང་པོ་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Maṇi­garbhā­nivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

3 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • g.­385
  • g.­535
g.­315

Dwelling in Excellent View

  • legs mthong na gnas pa
  • ལེགས་མཐོང་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Sudarśana­nivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

8 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­159
  • 4.B.­165
  • g.­278
  • g.­408
  • g.­595
  • g.­839
  • g.­969
g.­316

Dwelling in Forests

  • shing gseb na gnas pa
  • ཤིང་གསེབ་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Koṭaranivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

9 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­205
  • 4.B.­208
  • 4.B.­209
  • 4.B.­210
  • 4.B.­211
  • 4.B.­212
  • 4.B.­213
  • g.­16
g.­317

Dwelling in One Direction

  • phyogs gcig na gnas pa
  • ཕྱོགས་གཅིག་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Prastha­nivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

5 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­195
  • g.­489
  • g.­657
  • g.­1353
g.­318

Dwelling in Sudharma

  • chos bzang na gnas pa
  • ཆོས་བཟང་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Sudharma­nivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 4.B.­2
g.­320

Dwelling in the Lofty

  • mtho ba na gnas pa
  • མཐོ་བ་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Tuṅganivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

12 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­146
  • 4.B.­147
  • 4.B.­152
  • g.­1111
  • g.­1113
  • g.­1114
  • g.­1115
  • g.­1116
  • g.­1117
  • g.­1118
  • g.­1119
g.­321

Dwelling in Various Chariots

  • shing rta sna tshogs na gnas pa
  • ཤིང་རྟ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Caitra­ratha­nivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

9 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­215
  • 4.B.­216
  • 4.B.­217
  • 4.B.­218
  • 4.B.­220
  • 4.B.­221
  • 4.B.­233
  • g.­1394
g.­322

Dwelling on Forest Riverbanks

  • tshang tshing gi ’gram na gnas pa
  • ཚང་ཚིང་གི་འགྲམ་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Kuñjara­taṭa­nivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

6 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­367
  • 4.B.­370
  • g.­181
  • g.­1044
  • g.­1396
g.­323

Dwelling on Mixed Riverbanks

  • ’dres pa’i ’gram na gnas pa
  • འདྲེས་པའི་འགྲམ་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Āmiśra­taṭa­nivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

7 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­339
  • 4.B.­342
  • 4.B.­344
  • n.­293
  • g.­601
  • g.­1058
g.­324

Dwelling on Summits

  • ri rtse na gnas pa
  • རི་རྩེ་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Śikhara­nivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

15 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­154
  • 4.B.­156
  • 4.B.­157
  • g.­191
  • g.­220
  • g.­223
  • g.­296
  • g.­467
  • g.­606
  • g.­692
  • g.­737
  • g.­797
  • g.­877
  • g.­913
g.­325

Dwelling on the Disk

  • ’khor na gnas pa
  • འཁོར་ན་གནས་པ།
  • Maṇḍala­nivāsinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

5 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­1264
  • 4.B.­1268
  • g.­7
  • g.­80
g.­370

Engaging in Clarification

  • kun du gsal bar spyod pa
  • ཀུན་དུ་གསལ་བར་སྤྱོད་པ།
  • Āvartacarā

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

7 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­413
  • 4.B.­417
  • g.­263
  • g.­833
  • g.­1227
  • g.­1435
g.­379

Enraptured by and Attached to Song

  • glu’i sgra la shin tu dga’ zhing mngon par chags pa
  • གླུའི་སྒྲ་ལ་ཤིན་ཏུ་དགའ་ཞིང་མངོན་པར་ཆགས་པ།
  • Saṃhṛṣṭa­gīta­dhvanyabhiratā

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

5 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­584
  • 4.B.­589
  • g.­205
  • g.­1307
g.­424

Faculties

  • dbang po
  • དབང་པོ།
  • indriya

The term “faculties,” depending on the context, can refer to the five senses (sight, smell, touch, hearing, taste) plus the mental faculty, totaling six, but also to spiritual “faculties.” See “five faculties.”

122 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­78
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­28
  • 2.­57
  • 2.­65
  • 2.­119
  • 2.­243
  • 2.­250
  • 2.­284
  • 2.­543
  • 2.­550
  • 2.­605
  • 2.­634
  • 2.­730
  • 2.­751
  • 2.­762
  • 2.­787
  • 2.­817
  • 2.­898
  • 2.­918
  • 2.­943
  • 2.­969
  • 2.­1137
  • 2.­1374
  • 2.­1480
  • 4.A.­86
  • 4.A.­91
  • 4.A.­106
  • 4.A.­203
  • 4.A.­220
  • 4.A.­285
  • 4.A.­400
  • 4.B.­243
  • 4.B.­332
  • 4.B.­411
  • 4.B.­450
  • 4.B.­499
  • 4.B.­580
  • 4.B.­819
  • 4.B.­876
  • 4.B.­881
  • 4.B.­938
  • 4.B.­1080
  • 4.B.­1096
  • 4.B.­1126
  • 4.B.­1354
  • 4.B.­1374
  • 4.C.­24
  • 4.C.­87
  • 4.C.­101
  • 4.C.­106
  • 4.C.­201
  • 4.C.­396
  • 4.C.­486
  • 4.C.­535
  • 4.C.­536
  • 4.C.­547
  • 4.C.­597
  • 4.C.­622
  • 4.C.­679
  • 4.C.­686
  • 4.C.­1036
  • 4.C.­1123
  • 4.C.­1133
  • 4.C.­1236
  • 4.C.­1317
  • 4.C.­1321
  • 4.C.­1392
  • 4.C.­1414
  • 4.C.­1525
  • 4.C.­1685
  • 4.C.­1693
  • 4.C.­1757
  • 4.C.­1811
  • 4.C.­1843
  • 4.C.­1953
  • 4.C.­1985
  • 4.C.­2039
  • 4.C.­2172
  • 4.C.­2176
  • 4.C.­2178
  • 4.C.­2237
  • 4.C.­2301
  • 4.C.­2302
  • 4.C.­2318
  • 4.C.­2493
  • 4.C.­2496
  • 4.C.­2497
  • 4.C.­2511
  • 4.C.­2564
  • 4.C.­2681
  • 4.C.­2685
  • 4.C.­2691
  • 4.C.­2711
  • 4.C.­2729
  • 4.C.­2733
  • 4.C.­2734
  • 4.C.­2738
  • 4.C.­2767
  • 4.C.­2821
  • 4.C.­2850
  • 4.C.­2866
  • 4.C.­2883
  • 4.C.­2902
  • 5.­55
  • 5.­86
  • 5.­135
  • 5.­138
  • 5.­152
  • 5.­154
  • 5.­158
  • 5.­160
  • 5.­162
  • 5.­163
  • 5.­169
  • 5.­204
  • 5.­229
  • 5.­362
  • g.­332
  • g.­448
  • g.­1159

Links to further resources:

  • 31 related glossary entries
g.­438

Fine Complexion and Large Body

  • lus kyi mdog bzang zhing che ba
  • ལུས་ཀྱི་མདོག་བཟང་ཞིང་ཆེ་བ།
  • Prabalecchāchāyā­śarīra

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

4 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­895
  • 4.B.­898
  • g.­417
g.­502

Four Great Kings

  • rgyal chen bzhi
  • རྒྱལ་ཆེན་བཞི།
  • Caturmahārāja

The divine kings who rule the four directions: Vaiśravaṇa (who in this text appears under his alternative name Kubera), Virūḍhaka, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Virūpākṣa.

83 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­98
  • 1.­103
  • 1.­121
  • 1.­122
  • 1.­123
  • 1.­124
  • 1.­146
  • 2.­5
  • 2.­6
  • 2.­7
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­48
  • 2.­113
  • 2.­162
  • 2.­234
  • 2.­272
  • 2.­299
  • 2.­450
  • 2.­954
  • 2.­1149
  • 2.­1256
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­68
  • 3.­110
  • 3.­112
  • 3.­133
  • 3.­134
  • 3.­167
  • 3.­171
  • 3.­197
  • 3.­199
  • 3.­201
  • 3.­202
  • 3.­203
  • 3.­232
  • 3.­241
  • 3.­253
  • 3.­269
  • 3.­275
  • 3.­285
  • 3.­301
  • 3.­302
  • 3.­303
  • 3.­341
  • 3.­356
  • 3.­370
  • 3.­377
  • 4.A.­1
  • 4.A.­206
  • 4.A.­209
  • 4.A.­280
  • 4.A.­404
  • 4.A.­407
  • 4.A.­409
  • 4.A.­411
  • 4.A.­415
  • 4.B.­1
  • 4.B.­124
  • 4.B.­903
  • 4.C.­5
  • 4.C.­20
  • 4.C.­1124
  • 4.C.­1289
  • 4.C.­2428
  • 5.­267
  • 5.­268
  • 5.­269
  • 5.­293
  • g.­291
  • g.­390
  • g.­392
  • g.­462
  • g.­549
  • g.­607
  • g.­678
  • g.­792
  • g.­911
  • g.­1357
  • g.­1407
  • g.­1420
  • g.­1421
  • g.­1432

Links to further resources:

  • 44 related glossary entries
g.­528

Gaṅgā

  • gang gA
  • གང་གཱ།
  • Gaṅgā

A river in Jambudvīpa.

9 passages contain this term:

  • 4.A.­76
  • 4.B.­116
  • 4.B.­156
  • 4.B.­256
  • 4.B.­605
  • 5.­391
  • c.­2
  • g.­764
  • g.­1392

Links to further resources:

  • 43 related glossary entries
g.­546

Garland of Splendor

  • gzi brjid phreng
  • གཟི་བརྗིད་ཕྲེང་།
  • Tejojālinī

A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

6 passages contain this term:

  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­1327
  • 4.B.­1331
  • g.­605
  • g.­824
  • g.­1037
g.­549

Garland-bearer gods

  • phreng thogs lha
  • ཕྲེང་ཐོགས་ལྷ།
  • mālādhara

A class of gods associated with the Four Great Kings.

40 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­133
  • 3.­221
  • 3.­228
  • 3.­257
  • 3.­259
  • 3.­260
  • 3.­261
  • 3.­271
  • 3.­299
  • 3.­322
  • 3.­327
  • 3.­340
  • 4.A.­2
  • 4.A.­5
  • 4.A.­10
  • 4.A.­15
  • 4.A.­46
  • 4.A.­54
  • 4.A.­59
  • 4.A.­70
  • 4.A.­89
  • 4.A.­93
  • 4.A.­98
  • 4.A.­102
  • 4.B.­1249
  • 5.­262
  • 5.­293
  • 5.­316
  • 5.­339
  • 5.­344
  • g.­60
  • g.­61
  • g.­415
  • g.­806
  • g.­818
  • g.­945
  • g.­1020
  • g.­1285
  • g.­1300
  • g.­1371

Links to further resources:

  • 5 related glossary entries
g.­559

God

  • lha
  • ལྷ།
  • deva

One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, specifically influenced by exaltation, frivolousness, and pride. According to Buddhist cosmology, the gods live in many divine realms within the desire realm, the form realm, and the formless realm.

2,593 passages contain this term:

  • i.­2
  • p.­6
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­71
  • 1.­78
  • 1.­79
  • 1.­84
  • 1.­86
  • 1.­88
  • 1.­89
  • 1.­90
  • 1.­91
  • 1.­92
  • 1.­94
  • 1.­95
  • 1.­96
  • 1.­103
  • 1.­108
  • 1.­112
  • 1.­114
  • 1.­117
  • 1.­121
  • 1.­123
  • 1.­124
  • 1.­146
  • 1.­147
  • 2.­5
  • 2.­6
  • 2.­7
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­37
  • 2.­48
  • 2.­94
  • 2.­113
  • 2.­114
  • 2.­120
  • 2.­126
  • 2.­132
  • 2.­133
  • 2.­135
  • 2.­162
  • 2.­177
  • 2.­213
  • 2.­227
  • 2.­228
  • 2.­230
  • 2.­232
  • 2.­234
  • 2.­237
  • 2.­238
  • 2.­248
  • 2.­266
  • 2.­269
  • 2.­272
  • 2.­280
  • 2.­303
  • 2.­309
  • 2.­348
  • 2.­358
  • 2.­430
  • 2.­438
  • 2.­450
  • 2.­451
  • 2.­572
  • 2.­575
  • 2.­598
  • 2.­667
  • 2.­706
  • 2.­707
  • 2.­721
  • 2.­734
  • 2.­749
  • 2.­753
  • 2.­782
  • 2.­954
  • 2.­955
  • 2.­956
  • 2.­958
  • 2.­969
  • 2.­998
  • 2.­1035
  • 2.­1036
  • 2.­1038
  • 2.­1039
  • 2.­1071
  • 2.­1075
  • 2.­1110
  • 2.­1144
  • 2.­1149
  • 2.­1150
  • 2.­1256
  • 2.­1257
  • 2.­1258
  • 2.­1264
  • 2.­1309
  • 2.­1342
  • 2.­1362
  • 2.­1368
  • 2.­1374
  • 2.­1386
  • 2.­1403
  • 2.­1480
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­4
  • 3.­5
  • 3.­23
  • 3.­27
  • 3.­62
  • 3.­64
  • 3.­65
  • 3.­66
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­68
  • 3.­69
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­75
  • 3.­77
  • 3.­78
  • 3.­79
  • 3.­85
  • 3.­92
  • 3.­97
  • 3.­98
  • 3.­99
  • 3.­100
  • 3.­102
  • 3.­108
  • 3.­110
  • 3.­112
  • 3.­113
  • 3.­115
  • 3.­116
  • 3.­123
  • 3.­124
  • 3.­125
  • 3.­126
  • 3.­131
  • 3.­132
  • 3.­133
  • 3.­134
  • 3.­135
  • 3.­136
  • 3.­137
  • 3.­138
  • 3.­142
  • 3.­143
  • 3.­144
  • 3.­145
  • 3.­146
  • 3.­147
  • 3.­148
  • 3.­150
  • 3.­151
  • 3.­152
  • 3.­153
  • 3.­154
  • 3.­156
  • 3.­157
  • 3.­158
  • 3.­159
  • 3.­161
  • 3.­162
  • 3.­163
  • 3.­164
  • 3.­165
  • 3.­166
  • 3.­167
  • 3.­169
  • 3.­171
  • 3.­179
  • 3.­180
  • 3.­196
  • 3.­197
  • 3.­198
  • 3.­199
  • 3.­200
  • 3.­201
  • 3.­202
  • 3.­203
  • 3.­205
  • 3.­207
  • 3.­208
  • 3.­209
  • 3.­210
  • 3.­214
  • 3.­215
  • 3.­216
  • 3.­217
  • 3.­218
  • 3.­219
  • 3.­221
  • 3.­222
  • 3.­224
  • 3.­225
  • 3.­226
  • 3.­227
  • 3.­228
  • 3.­230
  • 3.­231
  • 3.­232
  • 3.­233
  • 3.­234
  • 3.­235
  • 3.­236
  • 3.­237
  • 3.­238
  • 3.­240
  • 3.­241
  • 3.­242
  • 3.­243
  • 3.­244
  • 3.­246
  • 3.­247
  • 3.­248
  • 3.­249
  • 3.­250
  • 3.­251
  • 3.­252
  • 3.­253
  • 3.­254
  • 3.­256
  • 3.­257
  • 3.­258
  • 3.­259
  • 3.­262
  • 3.­263
  • 3.­264
  • 3.­265
  • 3.­266
  • 3.­267
  • 3.­268
  • 3.­269
  • 3.­270
  • 3.­271
  • 3.­272
  • 3.­273
  • 3.­274
  • 3.­275
  • 3.­276
  • 3.­277
  • 3.­279
  • 3.­280
  • 3.­281
  • 3.­284
  • 3.­285
  • 3.­286
  • 3.­287
  • 3.­288
  • 3.­289
  • 3.­290
  • 3.­291
  • 3.­292
  • 3.­293
  • 3.­294
  • 3.­295
  • 3.­296
  • 3.­297
  • 3.­298
  • 3.­299
  • 3.­300
  • 3.­301
  • 3.­302
  • 3.­303
  • 3.­304
  • 3.­306
  • 3.­308
  • 3.­309
  • 3.­310
  • 3.­311
  • 3.­313
  • 3.­314
  • 3.­315
  • 3.­316
  • 3.­318
  • 3.­319
  • 3.­321
  • 3.­322
  • 3.­324
  • 3.­325
  • 3.­326
  • 3.­327
  • 3.­328
  • 3.­329
  • 3.­330
  • 3.­331
  • 3.­333
  • 3.­334
  • 3.­335
  • 3.­336
  • 3.­337
  • 3.­338
  • 3.­339
  • 3.­340
  • 3.­341
  • 3.­342
  • 3.­344
  • 3.­345
  • 3.­346
  • 3.­348
  • 3.­350
  • 3.­351
  • 3.­352
  • 3.­353
  • 3.­354
  • 3.­355
  • 3.­356
  • 3.­357
  • 3.­359
  • 3.­360
  • 3.­361
  • 3.­365
  • 3.­366
  • 3.­367
  • 3.­368
  • 3.­369
  • 3.­370
  • 3.­371
  • 3.­372
  • 3.­373
  • 3.­378
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.A.­1
  • 4.A.­3
  • 4.A.­4
  • 4.A.­5
  • 4.A.­7
  • 4.A.­8
  • 4.A.­9
  • 4.A.­10
  • 4.A.­11
  • 4.A.­12
  • 4.A.­13
  • 4.A.­15
  • 4.A.­16
  • 4.A.­17
  • 4.A.­19
  • 4.A.­22
  • 4.A.­36
  • 4.A.­45
  • 4.A.­46
  • 4.A.­47
  • 4.A.­48
  • 4.A.­49
  • 4.A.­50
  • 4.A.­51
  • 4.A.­52
  • 4.A.­53
  • 4.A.­54
  • 4.A.­55
  • 4.A.­56
  • 4.A.­57
  • 4.A.­58
  • 4.A.­59
  • 4.A.­60
  • 4.A.­61
  • 4.A.­62
  • 4.A.­63
  • 4.A.­64
  • 4.A.­66
  • 4.A.­69
  • 4.A.­70
  • 4.A.­71
  • 4.A.­72
  • 4.A.­73
  • 4.A.­74
  • 4.A.­75
  • 4.A.­76
  • 4.A.­77
  • 4.A.­79
  • 4.A.­80
  • 4.A.­81
  • 4.A.­82
  • 4.A.­83
  • 4.A.­84
  • 4.A.­85
  • 4.A.­86
  • 4.A.­87
  • 4.A.­88
  • 4.A.­89
  • 4.A.­91
  • 4.A.­92
  • 4.A.­93
  • 4.A.­94
  • 4.A.­95
  • 4.A.­97
  • 4.A.­98
  • 4.A.­99
  • 4.A.­101
  • 4.A.­102
  • 4.A.­103
  • 4.A.­106
  • 4.A.­107
  • 4.A.­108
  • 4.A.­109
  • 4.A.­110
  • 4.A.­116
  • 4.A.­119
  • 4.A.­121
  • 4.A.­125
  • 4.A.­126
  • 4.A.­127
  • 4.A.­128
  • 4.A.­129
  • 4.A.­131
  • 4.A.­132
  • 4.A.­133
  • 4.A.­134
  • 4.A.­137
  • 4.A.­139
  • 4.A.­140
  • 4.A.­141
  • 4.A.­145
  • 4.A.­147
  • 4.A.­148
  • 4.A.­150
  • 4.A.­154
  • 4.A.­156
  • 4.A.­157
  • 4.A.­158
  • 4.A.­160
  • 4.A.­161
  • 4.A.­162
  • 4.A.­163
  • 4.A.­164
  • 4.A.­165
  • 4.A.­166
  • 4.A.­167
  • 4.A.­168
  • 4.A.­179
  • 4.A.­181
  • 4.A.­182
  • 4.A.­183
  • 4.A.­184
  • 4.A.­186
  • 4.A.­188
  • 4.A.­201
  • 4.A.­202
  • 4.A.­203
  • 4.A.­204
  • 4.A.­205
  • 4.A.­206
  • 4.A.­209
  • 4.A.­210
  • 4.A.­212
  • 4.A.­213
  • 4.A.­215
  • 4.A.­216
  • 4.A.­217
  • 4.A.­219
  • 4.A.­220
  • 4.A.­221
  • 4.A.­222
  • 4.A.­224
  • 4.A.­225
  • 4.A.­226
  • 4.A.­227
  • 4.A.­228
  • 4.A.­229
  • 4.A.­230
  • 4.A.­231
  • 4.A.­232
  • 4.A.­234
  • 4.A.­235
  • 4.A.­236
  • 4.A.­237
  • 4.A.­238
  • 4.A.­239
  • 4.A.­240
  • 4.A.­241
  • 4.A.­244
  • 4.A.­245
  • 4.A.­246
  • 4.A.­247
  • 4.A.­248
  • 4.A.­259
  • 4.A.­260
  • 4.A.­261
  • 4.A.­264
  • 4.A.­265
  • 4.A.­266
  • 4.A.­267
  • 4.A.­268
  • 4.A.­270
  • 4.A.­271
  • 4.A.­272
  • 4.A.­274
  • 4.A.­275
  • 4.A.­276
  • 4.A.­278
  • 4.A.­280
  • 4.A.­281
  • 4.A.­282
  • 4.A.­283
  • 4.A.­284
  • 4.A.­288
  • 4.A.­297
  • 4.A.­298
  • 4.A.­299
  • 4.A.­301
  • 4.A.­302
  • 4.A.­303
  • 4.A.­304
  • 4.A.­305
  • 4.A.­306
  • 4.A.­307
  • 4.A.­309
  • 4.A.­310
  • 4.A.­311
  • 4.A.­313
  • 4.A.­314
  • 4.A.­317
  • 4.A.­321
  • 4.A.­325
  • 4.A.­327
  • 4.A.­328
  • 4.A.­330
  • 4.A.­331
  • 4.A.­332
  • 4.A.­333
  • 4.A.­334
  • 4.A.­335
  • 4.A.­336
  • 4.A.­337
  • 4.A.­338
  • 4.A.­339
  • 4.A.­341
  • 4.A.­342
  • 4.A.­343
  • 4.A.­344
  • 4.A.­345
  • 4.A.­346
  • 4.A.­347
  • 4.A.­348
  • 4.A.­349
  • 4.A.­352
  • 4.A.­353
  • 4.A.­360
  • 4.A.­361
  • 4.A.­362
  • 4.A.­363
  • 4.A.­364
  • 4.A.­366
  • 4.A.­367
  • 4.A.­370
  • 4.A.­372
  • 4.A.­373
  • 4.A.­374
  • 4.A.­375
  • 4.A.­376
  • 4.A.­377
  • 4.A.­378
  • 4.A.­380
  • 4.A.­381
  • 4.A.­382
  • 4.A.­383
  • 4.A.­385
  • 4.A.­386
  • 4.A.­388
  • 4.A.­389
  • 4.A.­391
  • 4.A.­392
  • 4.A.­397
  • 4.A.­398
  • 4.A.­399
  • 4.A.­400
  • 4.A.­402
  • 4.A.­404
  • 4.A.­406
  • 4.A.­407
  • 4.A.­408
  • 4.A.­409
  • 4.A.­410
  • 4.A.­411
  • 4.A.­412
  • 4.A.­413
  • 4.A.­415
  • 4.A.­416
  • 4.A.­417
  • 4.B.­1
  • 4.B.­2
  • 4.B.­3
  • 4.B.­4
  • 4.B.­5
  • 4.B.­9
  • 4.B.­10
  • 4.B.­11
  • 4.B.­16
  • 4.B.­17
  • 4.B.­21
  • 4.B.­22
  • 4.B.­23
  • 4.B.­29
  • 4.B.­30
  • 4.B.­31
  • 4.B.­32
  • 4.B.­36
  • 4.B.­37
  • 4.B.­38
  • 4.B.­39
  • 4.B.­40
  • 4.B.­41
  • 4.B.­45
  • 4.B.­46
  • 4.B.­47
  • 4.B.­48
  • 4.B.­50
  • 4.B.­51
  • 4.B.­53
  • 4.B.­54
  • 4.B.­55
  • 4.B.­56
  • 4.B.­57
  • 4.B.­58
  • 4.B.­59
  • 4.B.­60
  • 4.B.­62
  • 4.B.­65
  • 4.B.­66
  • 4.B.­69
  • 4.B.­70
  • 4.B.­71
  • 4.B.­72
  • 4.B.­73
  • 4.B.­74
  • 4.B.­75
  • 4.B.­77
  • 4.B.­78
  • 4.B.­86
  • 4.B.­91
  • 4.B.­92
  • 4.B.­95
  • 4.B.­96
  • 4.B.­97
  • 4.B.­98
  • 4.B.­99
  • 4.B.­100
  • 4.B.­104
  • 4.B.­105
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