• The Collection
  • The Kangyur
  • Discourses
  • General Sūtra Section

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རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཏོག་གི་གཟུངས།

The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī
Introduction

Ratna­ketu­dhāraṇī
འཕགས་པ་འདུས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཏོག་གི་གཟུངས་ཤེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
’phags pa ’dus pa chen po rin po che tog gi gzungs shes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo
The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra “The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī” from the Great Collection
Ārya­mahā­sannipāta­ratna­ketu­dhāraṇī­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra
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Toh 138

Degé Kangyur, vol. 56 (mdo sde, na), folios 187.b–277.b

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2020
Current version v 1.0.19 (2022)
Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.17.7

84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.

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co.

Table of Contents

ti. Title
im. Imprint
co. Contents
s. Summary
ac. Acknowledgements
i. Introduction
tr. The Translation
+ 13 chapters- 13 chapters
h. Homage
1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 4
5. Chapter 5
6. Chapter 6
7. Chapter 7
8. Chapter 8
9. Chapter 9
10. Chapter 10
11. Chapter 11
12. Chapter 12
13. Chapter 13
c. Colophon
+ 1 section- 1 section
· Tibetan Translators’ Colophon
ab. Abbreviations
n. Notes
b. Bibliography
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· Primary literature (manuscripts and editions)
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· Sanskrit
· Tibetan
· Translations and secondary literature:
g. Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī is one of the core texts of the Mahāsannipāta collection of Mahāyāna sūtras that dates back to the formative period of Mahāyāna Buddhism, from the first to the third century ᴄᴇ. Its rich and varied narratives, probably redacted from at least two independent works, recount significant events from the lives, past and present, of the Buddha Śākyamuni and some of his main followers and opponents, both human and nonhuman. At the center of these narratives is the climactic episode from the Buddha’s life when Māra, the personification of spiritual death, sets out to destroy the Buddha and his Dharma. The mythic confrontation between these paragons of light and darkness, and the Buddha’s eventual victory, are related in vivid detail. The main narratives are interwoven with Dharma instructions and interspersed with miraculous events. The text also exemplifies two distinctive sūtra genres, “prophecies” (vyākaraṇa) and “incantations” (dhāraṇī), as it includes, respectively, prophecies of the future attainment of buddhahood by some of the Buddha’s followers and the potent phrases that embody the Buddha’s teachings and are meant to ensure their survival and the thriving of its practitioners.


ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

This translation was produced by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee under the supervision of Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche. Wiesiek Mical translated the extant parts from the Sanskrit and wrote the introduction. Timothy Hinkle compared the translation from the Sanskrit against the Tibetan translation and translated from the Tibetan the parts that are lost in the original Sanskrit.

The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.


ac.­2

The generous sponsorship of Twenty and family, which helped make the work on this translation possible, is gratefully acknowledged. They would like to dedicate their sponsorship to Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche.


i.

Introduction

i.­1

The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī presents the dramatic events in the life of the Buddha when Māra attempts to destroy the Buddha, break up the Saṅgha, and annihilate the Dharma, a struggle from which the Buddha eventually emerges victorious. This epic confrontation is told with tremendous verve and poignancy, and features characters, dialogue, and plot twists that rank among the best in Buddhist literature. The narrative starts with its own version of the well-known story of the conversion of two of the Buddha’s most prominent early disciples, Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana, and is soon embellished with quaint stories from the past lives of some of the characters, ranging from well-known buddha figures down to (at one time) ordinary human and nonhuman beings. The parts of the narrative that unfold on earth are centered around the city of Rājagṛha, the capital of Magadha. They provide some interesting insight into the everyday life of India at the time, with its division into secular and religious members of society, and vividly capture the experiences that Buddhist monks might have had when going on their daily alms-rounds in the city streets. This is interspersed with lively dialogue that is at once didactic and aesthetically captivating. Especially moving is the conversation that Māra has with his children, when the daughters try to console their distraught father, who bitterly despairs over the impending loss of his realm and the humiliation of seeing his minions, even his own children, desert him, with all the pathos of a broken old man and all the obduracy of a petulant child.

i.­2

The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī is part of a large body of Mahāyāna sūtras called the Great Collection (Mahāsannipāta). Mahāsannipāta can be translated either as “Great Collection” or “Great Assembly,” a semantic ambivalence that may have been intentional given the predilection for punning among the Sanskrit literati. The latter connotation reflects a feature shared by the sūtras in this collection, namely, that the discourse contained in each of them is always delivered to a “great assembly” of infinite numbers of beings who have congregated to hear the teaching, and typically begins, “Blessed Śākyamuni, at that time, directed his gaze at the great assembly.” According to Jens Braarvig,1 the Mahāsannipāta was compiled in the first centuries of the common era during the formative period of the Mahāyāna canon. The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī, being part of the original core of this collection, must therefore have already existed by then.

i.­3

The text of The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī extant today is available in the original Sanskrit, which is incomplete, and in the Tibetan canonical translation. The English translation presented here has been prepared from the incomplete Sanskrit text as critically edited by Kurumiya.2 Lacunae and missing sections were supplied from the Degé (sde dge) edition of the Tibetan translation. These lacunae vary in length from individual syllables to several lines of text, while folios are missing in blocks, from a single folio to a few, in various parts of the text. The parts translated from the Sanskrit‍—about two thirds of the text‍—were subsequently checked against and edited based on the Degé and other Tibetan Kangyur editions. The beginning and end of each section were translated entirely from the Tibetan, as indicated in the notes.

i.­4

The colophon to the Tibetan translation, which is found in all major recensions of the Kangyur, states that it was produced by the Indian preceptor Śīlendrabodhi and the Tibetan translator Yeshé Dé. The text is also recorded in the Denkarma3 and Phangthangma4 inventories of Tibetan imperial translations, so we can establish that it was first translated from Sanskrit into Tibetan no later than the early ninth century, as the Denkarma is dated to 812 ᴄᴇ. Apart from the Tibetan canonical translation, other Tibetan translations have been found in manuscript form in the Dunhuang caves.5 There are also two Chinese translations. Most of the Tibetan and one of the Chinese translations were included by Kurumiya in his Sanskrit and Tibetan editions of The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī (Kurumiya 1978 and Kurumiya 1979, respectively). The primary Tibetan text used for the present translation was the Degé edition, but the other editions included in the Comparative Edition (dpe bsdur ma) were also consulted.

i.­5

The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī shares much of its character and some of its themes with other sūtras and, like most sūtras of the Mahāsannipāta, has left a rich legacy in the subsequent Buddhist literature. It is quoted or referred to in a number of texts, either as a whole text or as its eponymous dhāraṇī, not least because of its salient theme of changing the female gender into male by means of the dhāraṇī. One such text is the Mañjuśrī­mūla­kalpa, which recommends, in one of its rituals, the recitation of the text. One of the important mantras there is the heart essence of the buddha Ratnaketu (who seems to be an emanation of Mañjuśrī). This buddha is also part of the maṇḍala retinue of Mañjuśrī. He and the dhāraṇī goddess called Ratnaketu are also members of the large audience attending the original delivery of the Mañjuśrī­mūla­kalpa.

i.­6

The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī represents a mixture of genres. In the most general classification, it is a Mahāyāna sūtra, a discourse traditionally attributed to the Buddha that elaborates, through narratives and teachings, the basic Mahāyāna themes of altruism, morality, emptiness, selflessness, and the bodhisattva path to awakening. The term sūtra may be applied to individual sūtras, to some sūtra collections such as the Mahāsannipāta, and to the totality of sūtra literature. The more specific genres that The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī exemplifies, such as incantation (dhāraṇī) and exposition (vyākaraṇa), are subdivisions of the sūtra genre.

i.­7

It is worth noting some of the salient features of these two genres as they are reflected in this text. The dhāraṇī genre, found in both the sūtra and tantra literature, is characterized by the presence of magical formulae that are held to play a critical role in promoting and preserving the Buddhist teachings. The word dhāraṇī derives from the root √dhṛ (to “hold,” “support,” “contain,” “retain,” or “remember”). The sense of containing could be applied to both the formula, which magically “contains” a certain quality or qualities, and also the person who has obtained this dhāraṇī formula or seal. Once they have obtained it, they become “sealed” or “stamped” with whatever quality the dhāraṇī contains, and they subsequently have the power to activate this quality or invoke the corresponding buddha activity. One thing a dhāraṇī is always a vehicle for‍—whether this is implied by the literal meaning of the term or not‍—is the blessing of the buddhas and the magical power sealed therein. Although the sūtras and commentaries like to dwell on the dhāraṇī-powers of retaining things in memory (probably to account for the literal meaning of “containing”), dhāraṇīs can open the door to innumerable other qualities, such as loving kindness, compassion, and so forth, and invoke any kind of activity. The main function of the Ratnaketu dhāraṇī, for example, is to purify the karma of being reborn as a woman and ensure a male birth; the power of this dhāraṇī is so great that it can even cause the instant transformation of a female body into a male one. The function of the second most important dhāraṇī in the Ratnaketu, the samucchraya­vidhvaṃsanī (“terminator of birth”), is to terminate embodied rebirth in saṃsāra.

i.­8

The term dhāraṇī is frequently paired in the sūtra literature with other terms, such as “door” (praveśa or mukha) or “seal” (mudrā). As a magical formula, a dhāraṇī constitutes the door to the infinite qualities of buddhahood, buddhahood itself, or the different types of buddha activity. Just as such qualities are innumerable, so are the dhāraṇī-doors. The Mahā­prajñā­pāramitā­śāstra6 explains what a dhāraṇī-door is by bringing out the difference between “dhāraṇī-door” and “samādhi-door.” Just as a samādhi-door may allow access to any desired quality or magical power, so too can a dhāraṇī-door. The difference is that while the meditative absorption (samādhi) comes and goes, the incantation (dhāraṇī) never leaves those who have “obtained” it, following them like a shadow from life to life. This is because, when realizing or “obtaining” (pratilābha) a dhāraṇī, one becomes “sealed” or “stamped” with it‍—hence a dhāraṇī is also called a “dhāraṇī-seal.”

i.­9

The term vyākaraṇa (from vi+ā+√kṛ) implies taking something apart and means a clear analysis or detailed presentation, and it has been translated throughout this text as “exposition.” The term also denotes a prophecy by the Buddha of a particular person or being attaining buddhahood, and, by extension, also a text containing such prophecies. In The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī, this term is probably used with both meanings (“exposition” and “text containing prophecies”) at once. What is unique to The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī is the feminine form‍—vyākaraṇī‍—of the term vyākaraṇa.7

i.­10

The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī also contains another important feature characteristic of its particular blend of genres, namely the stories of the former lives (pūrvayoga) of the Buddha and his disciples. This element is pervasive in Mahāyāna sūtras and also developed into a distinct genre, the jātaka stories, which are entirely dedicated to recounting the former lives of the Buddha as exemplary models of Buddhist morality.

i.­11

Just as The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī is part of a larger sūtra (the Mahāsannipāta), the text itself consists of sections that may have originally been at least two separate sūtras. The first one, The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī proper, is centered around its eponymous dhāraṇī. It has its own consistent narrative with the same characters appearing throughout. It may be noted that portions of this section find parallels in other canonical texts. For instance, the account of the meeting between the two mendicants Aśvajit and Upatiṣya, wherein the latter learns of the former’s conversion to Buddhism, is to be found in the Pravrajyāvastu chapter of the Vinayavastu.8 This section extends as far as the latter part of chapter 5, at which point another dhāraṇī, the samucchraya­vidhvaṃsanī (“terminator of birth”), becomes the main focus of the text. The latter dhāraṇī also has a large section devoted to it. Within this section, the whole text is consistently referred to by the name of the dhāraṇī, the Samucchraya­vidhvaṃsanī, thus raising the possibility that this section once formed an independent work. This hypothesis is further supported by the fact that the name Ratnaketu is never used after the end of the first four and a half chapters, except in chapter colophons and the final dedication of merit. Furthermore, the Samucchraya­vidhvaṃsanī section marks a change in the narrative, introducing new characters and stories, and it also introduces new terminology unique to this section. The continuing use of the name Ratnaketu in the chapter colophons might have been an attempt on the part of the redactors to give compositional integrity to the two (or three) texts presented as one.

i.­12

After the Samucchraya­vidhvaṃsanī section comes the story of the yakṣa general Āṭavaka, who recites to the audience his own dhāraṇīs. This story has an entire chapter (chapter 12) dedicated to it that constitutes a third main section of the work and may have been at some point an independent text.

i.­13

The final chapter (chapter 13) dwells at length on the merits of the entire “Dharma discourse” and includes pledges from various gods and protectors to care for those who “in the future will uphold and preserve” it. In this chapter no distinction between, or references to, the two main sections or their eponymous dhāraṇīs are made, suggesting, again, that the redactors might have compiled the final chapter to bring the previous parts together in a single “Dharma discourse.”

i.­14

Notwithstanding the evidence of it being a compilation, the Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī is unified by certain thematic elements that bridge its three main sections. We can identify three main elements that feature in each of its sections: (1) the narrative, (2) the Dharma instructions, which include both philosophy and practice, and (3) the magic. Magic figures prominently in each of the narratives, as when Śākyamuni or other buddhas or mythical beings, malign or beneficent, perform their supernatural deeds. Magic is also “sealed” in the magical formulae of the dhāraṇīs. Ultimately, though, there can be no distinction between these two types of magic, as the miraculous feats and the awesome power of the dhāraṇīs are inextricably linked‍—the feats are the buddha activity manifesting itself, and the dhāraṇīs are the Dharma methods9 that empower such activities. The unlocking of the magical power in a dhāraṇī may be effected only by someone who has “obtained” this dhāraṇī.

i.­15

Despite its composite nature, The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī reflects a consistent soteriological aim. Through its varied narratives and teachings, the text explains and illustrates how to apply the Buddha’s teachings in order to attain final liberation and offers special Dharma methods‍—notably the dhāraṇīs‍—expressly for this purpose. It repeatedly affirms that such methods will ensure that Dharma will not perish in times to come but will resurface in times of need, such as the present dark age.


The Translation
The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra
The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī
from the Great Collection

h.

Homage

[F.187.b] [B1]10


h.­1

Homage to the thus-gone Splendorous with the Gentle Glow of Light and Fragrance!


h.­2

Homage to the one with the melodious voice of Mahābrahmā!


h.­3

Having paid homage to him, one should employ the dhāraṇī called unharmed by the assemblies of Māra. May I accomplish the following mantra:11

h.­4

Avāme avāme amvare amvare {TK4} parikuñja naṭa naṭa puṣkaravaha jalukha khama khaya ili mili kili mili kīrtipara mudre mudramukhe svāhā! {TK5}


1.

Chapter 1

1.­1

Thus did I hear at one time. The Blessed One was dwelling in Veṇuvana, at the Kalandakanivāpa, near the city of Rājagṛha, with a great saṅgha of a thousand monks, all of whom were noble ones. They had all exhausted defilements, were free from the afflictions, were powerful, had liberated minds, had liberated insight, were of noble birth, were great elephants,12 had done what needed to be done, had completed their mission, had cast off the burden, had achieved their own welfare, had severed the bonds that tied them to existence, had liberated their minds with genuine knowledge, and had perfected all mental powers. There was also a great saṅgha of ten thousand bodhisattvas, including [F.188.a] {TK6} the princely youth Holder of Meru’s Peak, the princely youth Varuṇamati, the princely youth Sumati, the princely youth Jayamati, the princely youth Jinamati, the princely youth Intelligent Light, the princely youth Intelligent Sky, the princely youth Intelligent Lightning, the princely youth Mañjuśrī, the princely youth Durdharṣa, the princely youth Varuṇa, the princely youth Vimala, the bodhisattva great being Maitreya, and others. Each of these ten thousand bodhisattvas had achieved acceptance, retention, and absorption. {TK7} Each possessed the wisdom that is unobscured by any phenomenon, had equal concern for all beings, had transcended all the domains of Māra, and had entered the domain of all the thus-gone ones. Each was knowledgeable, possessed great love and compassion, and was skilled in means.


2.

Chapter 2

2.­1

The daughters and sons of Māra, accompanied by their retinues, said to the Blessed One, “The extent to which the Thus-Gone One is endowed with means and wisdom is incredible! We seek, O Blessed One, the same sort of Dharma vehicle, wisdom, magical powers, compassion, means, and eloquence. What are the qualities, O Blessed One, that a person should have in order to not fall into the hands of evil companions, but instead swiftly realize unsurpassed and perfect awakening?”


3.

Chapter 3

3.­1

While the Ratnaketu dhāraṇī was being recited by the thus-gone Śākyamuni, the entire Sahā world became clearly visible, illuminated by a powerful light. The one hundred billion lords of sensual pleasure, each one a māra active in one of the one hundred billion worlds of four continents in this buddha field of Śākyamuni, became alarmed by this display of the Buddha’s power and directed their eyes toward this world of four continents. “Where is this light emanating from?” they wondered. “Surely this must be through the power of Māra, the evil one, who lives in that particular world of four continents. He is stronger, mightier, and more powerful than us.”


4.

Chapter 4

4.­1

When the four great hearers were, as described before, in the great city of Rājagṛha collecting alms, they were rudely accosted by the māra youths who urged them, “Dance, monk! Sing, monk!” When, subsequently, the great hearers, running along the street, sang their verses with lyrics that describe the path to nirvāṇa, this great earth trembled. At that moment many hundreds of thousands of gods, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kinnaras, and mahoragas, inspired with faith in the Blessed One’s instructions,215 said this, their faces awash with tears:


5.

Chapter 5

5.­1

The millions of māras then thought, “We should adorn the gates of the city through which the Blessed One is to enter, as well as the earth surrounding them, with sublime and magnificent ornaments in the same manner as the gods, nāgas, and yakṣas have adorned the surroundings of the city.”

5.­2

With his mind, however, the Blessed One knew the thoughts of the millions of māras,[F.227.a] and he manifested a miracle such that through the twelve gates of the city, twelve blessed buddhas entered the city of Rājagṛha. The millions of māras then, while hovering in the sky, adorned the city gates, the area around them, the city walls, its trees, and the surface of the earth with magical ornaments of the māra realm, as well as countless other magnificent miraculous manifestations set in the finest and most beautiful arrangements. Some of the millions of māras transformed into guises ranging from that of Brahmā to those of great sages. {TK131} From their perch in the sky, they placed various flowers, incense, scented powders, garlands, gold, silver, jewels, and pearls on the windows, ledges, and turrets of the mansions in the city, as well as in the trees. They also cast down a rain of cloth, cotton, linen, and ornaments, played many instruments, and venerated the Blessed One with songs of praise, extolling his qualities. The Blessed One then entered Rājagṛha’s city gates, adorned as they were with a supremely extensive and elevating display made in such a novel, incredible, and miraculous fashion.


6.

Chapter 6

6.­1

At that time the thus-gone Akṣobhya set out from the world in the east called Abhirati in the company of an infinite number of bodhisattva great beings. Through the power and mastery of miracles particular to a buddha, he arrived instantaneously in the buddha field that includes the central world with its four continents, where the thus-gone, worthy, perfect buddha Śākyamuni was staying. Having arrived, he sat upon a lotus seat that appeared just as needed. The bodhisattva great beings [F.237.a] from his retinue also sat upon lotus seats that appeared through their own magical power.


7.

Chapter 7

7.­1

At that time, a bodhisattva great being called Discriminating Intellect was seated before the blessed, thus-gone [F.250.a] Glorious and Brilliantly Shining Jewel, not far from the blessed, thus-gone Śākyamuni. For a short time he was in the guise of Brahmā, before instantaneously appearing in the form of Māra. He likewise briefly appeared in the forms of Śakra, as well as a lord of the gods in the heavens of Making Use of Others’ Emanations, Delighting in Emanations, Tuṣita, Free from Strife, and the Four Great Kings, as well as in the form of Maheśvara, and also as a yakṣa, an asura, a garuḍa, a kinnara, a mahoraga, a rākṣasa, a preta, a piśāca, a kumbhāṇḍa, a kṣatriya, a brahmin, a vaiśya, a śūdra, a lion, an elephant, a buffalo, and myriad other species of the animal realm. Instantaneously he appeared in the form of a bird, a tree, a mountain, fruit, clothing, bedding, heavy cloth, a vase, ornaments, jewelry, medicinal herbs, and a jewel. Instantaneously he also appeared in the form of a monk, a nun, and a buddha. Instantaneously he appeared in eighty-four different colors, characteristics, shapes, and forms.


8.

Chapter 8

8.­1

At that time, the thus-gone Akṣobhya addressed the entire assembly: “Noble children, all of you śakras, brahmās, world protectors, and lords of the gods, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kinnaras, mahoragas, and so forth, as well as human and nonhuman beings, who have arrived here out of faith in the buddhas’ teaching‍—I will uplift you! It is rare to find such a congregation of the blessed buddhas, bodhisattva great beings, śakras, [F.252.a] brahmās, world protectors, and lords of the gods, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, and so forth, as well as human and nonhuman beings! Therefore, now that you have seen this, may those of you who are happy to sustain this sacred Dharma‍—this Dharma method‍—and propagate the lineage of the Three Jewels in the future in this buddha field each make an aspiration before the Blessed One.” {TK204}


9.

Chapter 9

9.­1

The blessed, thus-gone Śākyamuni then said, “O all you [F.258.a] blessed buddhas who have come here to this buddha field motivated by compassion to engage in discussion, please give these beings your attention. These noble children will satisfy others with clothing, food, drink, medicine, and supplies. They will use the female form to mature others for unsurpassed and perfect awakening. From the moment they developed the mind of awakening in order to mature others, they have been dedicated to emanating and providing clothing, food, drink, medicine, and supplies to fulfill their hopes‍—no matter what, why, or how these things are desired. These sublime beings will enact this great power and be able to serve beings with what is enjoyable and useful.”


10.

Chapter 10

10.­1

The thus-gone Māndāravagandharoca then addressed the thus-gone Śākyamuni, saying, “In the past, previous thus-gone ones came from their disparate buddha fields and congregated in buddha fields that were afflicted and rife with the five degenerations. They excellently blessed this sacred Dharma method. They defeated billions of māras and gazed upon all beings with the eyes of great love and compassion. They freed them from evil views, lit the lamp of insight, and laid out the peaceful path. They delivered this Dharma discourse, this exposition of the dhāraṇī-seal, including its verbal formula, which is called the terminator of birth based on the essential nature of phenomena in their vajra-like indivisibility. Thus they defeated the black faction and planted the banner of the Dharma. In the same way, right now, so many of us blessed buddhas who live and spend our time in the ten directions have assembled in this buddha field filled with the afflictions and the five degenerations out of our concern for others. We have performed acts such as excellently blessing this Dharma method and so forth, as well as planting the banner of the Dharma. However, Śākyamuni, [F.260.a] after your sun has set, who will reign supreme in this buddha field? Who will uphold this sacred Dharma? {TK230} Who will nurture these Dharma methods? Who will bring beings to maturity? Who will be included in this great assembly? Into whose hands shall I entrust this Dharma discourse?”


11.

Chapter 11

11.­1

Now the blessed, thus-gone Śākyamuni addressed Śakra, Brahmā, Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Kubera:

“O sublime beings, I have fully realized unsurpassed and perfect awakening in this buddha field, which is afflicted by the five degenerations and lacking in Dharma, through my compassionate dedication to sentient beings. In order to quell the pain of beings441 thrown into the darkness of ignorance and overwhelmed by the thieves and rogues of the afflictions,442 I have conquered the faction of Māra, raised the banner of the sacred Dharma, delivered countless beings from suffering, rained showers of the sacred Dharma, and defeated ten million māras.


12.

Chapter 12

12.­1

The great general of the yakṣas, [F.271.b] Āṭavaka, in the form of the yakṣa Bhīṣaṇaka, and Saṃjñika in the form of a deer, Jñānolka in the form of a monkey, Tṛṣṇājaha in the form of a jackal,455 and Chinnasrotas in the form of an elephant‍—these five great beings‍—were sitting not too far from the thus-gone Śākyamuni and in front of the thus-gone Kauṇḍiṇyārcis. From each of their bodies a pure light radiated, suffused with fragrance. Each of these five great beings was holding in his hands a great precious gem called Starlight for the sake of worshipping the Blessed One.456


13.

Chapter 13

13.­1

At this time, all the blessed buddhas displayed the signs of rising and returning472 to their respective buddha fields. At the same moment, the beings of this entire assembly, who were on earth as well as in the sky, shuddered, and so did the entire earth. A rain of flowers poured from the sky, millions of instruments resounded in midair, and all kinds of fragrances of perfume and incense were released. As the entire buddha field filled with light, those in the assembly pressed their hands together. Then Brahmā, lord of the Sahā world, asked the thus-gone Mahācandanagandha, “How many roots of virtue, O Blessed One, will those beings accumulate who in the future uphold and preserve this Dharma discourse‍—who read it, master it, and teach it authentically and extensively to others? How many roots of virtue will those beings accumulate who set it down in writing and uphold it in writing?473 What qualities will they be rewarded with by the blessed buddhas?”


c.

Colophon

c.­1
Because of the special merit that I have accumulated when refining, with all my devotion, care, and a joyous mind,
The text of this Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī‍—the dhāraṇī that removes great fear‍—
May this entire world obtain in this very moment this Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī
Adorned with words of the Sage’s doctrine, clear in meaning, and resplendent with great qualities!

Tibetan Translators’ Colophon

c.­2

This sūtra was translated by the Indian preceptor Śilendrabodhi and the translator-editor Yeshé Dé. It was later standardized in line with the new terminological register.


ab.

Abbreviations

D Tibetan Degé edition
G Gilgit manuscript
K Kurumiya 1978 (page numbers entered in braces, e.g. {K26} denotes page 26)
TK Kurumiya 1979 (page numbers entered in braces, e.g. {TK26} denotes page 26)

n.

Notes

n.­1
Braarvig 1993.
n.­2
Kurumiya 1978.
n.­3
Denkarma, folio 297.a.4. See also Herrmann-Pfandt (2008), p. 52, no. 91.
n.­4
Phangthangma, p. 7 (with abbreviated title ’phags pa rin po che’i tog).
n.­5
Interestingly, the catalog of the Narthang Kangyur records the tradition that The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī was first translated into Tibetan by Tönmi Sambhoṭa (thon mi sam+b+ho Ta), the legendary seventh century minister and scholar credited with the development of the Tibetan alphabet during the reign of King Songtsen Gampo (ca. 617–650). See Narthang Catalog, folio 14.a.1, and Skilling 1997, p. 89.
n.­6
Lamotte 2001, pp. 1541–42.
n.­7
This information is based on a private communiqué from Peter Skilling, who does not recall seeing the feminine form vyākaraṇī in any other sūtra.
n.­8
Toh 1-1, 1.233 et seq.; see translation in Miller et al. (2018). The Chapter on Going Forth contains a much longer and more detailed account of the story of Upatiṣya and Kaulita (Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana), but the culmination of their story in their encounter with Aśvajit and meeting with the Buddha is related in the present text with a little more detail, including some verses of which the Vinayavastu account has much briefer equivalents. The main additional element in the story in the present version‍—the advent of Māra following that meeting with Aśvajit‍—is of course the narrative theme that ties together all the component parts of The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī.
n.­9
Skt. dharmanetrī; Tib. chos kyi tshul.
n.­10
The following section, up to “I must make them embrace the view of the evil one” at 1.­19, has been translated entirely from the Tib., filling a lengthy lacuna in the Skt. text.
n.­11
Because of their magical character, uncertain readings, and the extent of corruption, the Sanskrit dhāraṇī formulae in this text would be impossible to translate in full. Although some individual words and phrases are intelligible, it would be risky to attempt a coherent translation‍—the alliterations (which possibly are part of the magic), for example, would be impossible to replicate in English. These dhāraṇīs have therefore been quoted throughout the translation in the original Sanskrit, with some editorial emendments that affect mainly word divisions and orthography. These emendments by no means make the Sanskrit text correct or even consistent, and have not been reported in the critical apparatus.
n.­12
The Buddha and his hearer disciples are often compared to elephants or “great elephants” (mahānāga).
n.­215
“Instructions” is not in the Tib.
n.­441
“In order to quell the pain of beings” has been supplied from the Tib. (Skt. lacuna).
n.­442
“Overwhelmed by the thieves and rogues of the afflictions” has been supplied from the Tib. (Skt. lacuna).
n.­455
In place of “jackal,” the Tib. reads “goat.”
n.­456
In place of “Starlight,” the Tib. reads “Firelight.”
n.­472
The reading “returning” was obtained by emending the Skt. gagana to gamana (supported by the Tib. and the Chinese).
n.­473
The passage from “who read it . . .” up to this point has been supplied from the Tib.; it is absent in the Skt. text.

b.

Bibliography

Primary literature (manuscripts and editions)

Sanskrit

Dutt, Nalinaksha, ed. Gilgit Manuscripts. Vols. 1–4. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1984.

Kurumiya, Yenshu, ed. Ratnaketuparivarta: Sanskrit Text. Kyoto: Heirakuji-shoten, 1978.

Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī‍—the Gilgit manuscript. National Archives of India, New Delhi.

Tibetan

’phags pa ’dus pa rin po che tog gi gzungs shes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. Toh 138, Degé Kangyur vol. 56 (mdo sde, na), folios 187.b–277.b.

’phags pa ’dus pa rin po che tog gi gzungs shes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–9, vol. 56, pp. 509–734.

Kurumiya, Yenshu, ed. ’Dus Pa Chen Po Rin Po Che Tog Gi Gzungs, ’Dus Pa Chen Po Dkon Mchog Dbal Zes Bya Ba’i Gzungs: being the Tibetan translation of the Ratnaketu Parivarta. Kyoto: Heirakuji-shoten, 1979.

Denkarma (pho brang stod thang ldan[/lhan] dkar gyi chos ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Degé Tengyur vol. 206 (sna tshogs, jo), folios 294.b–310.a.

Narthang Catalog (bka’ ’gyur dkar chag ngo mtshar bkod pa rgya mtsho’i lde mig). Narthang Kangyur vol. 102 (dkar chag), folios 1.a–124.a.

Phangthangma (dkar chag ’phang thang ma). Beijing: mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 2003.

Translations and secondary literature:

Braarvig, Jens (1993). Akṣaya­mati­nirdeśa­sūtra. Vol. 2, The Tradition of Imperishability in Buddhist Thought. Oslo: Solum Verlag, 1993.

‍—‍—‍—(1985). “Dhāraṇī and Pratibhāna: Memory and Eloquence of the Bodhisattvas.” The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 8, no. 1: 17–29. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1985.

Herrmann-Pfandt, Adelheid. Die lHan kar ma: ein früher Katalog der ins Tibetische übersetzten buddhistischen Texte. Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008.

Lamotte, Étienne. The Treatise of the Great Virtue of Wisdom of Nāgārjuna (Mahā­prajñā­pāramitā­śāstra). Translated from the French by Karma Migme Chodron, 2001.

Mak, Bill M. “Ratnaketu-parivarta, Sūryagarbha-parivarta, and Candragarbha-parivarta of Mahā­sannipāta­sūtra (MSN): Indian Jyotiṣa through the lens of Chinese Buddhist Canon.” Paper presented at the World Sanskrit Conference, New Delhi, January 8, 2012.

Miller, Adam Tyler. “The Buddha Said That Buddha Said So: A Translation and Analysis of ‘Pūrvayogaparivarta’ from the Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī Sūtra.” MA thesis. University of Missouri-Columbia, 2013.

Miller, Robert, et al., trans. The Chapter on Going Forth (Pravrajyāvastu, Toh 1-1). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2018.

Negi, J. S. Bod skad daṅ Legs-sbyar gyi tshig mdzod chen mo. Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary. Sarnath: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, 1993.

Skilling, Peter. “From bKa’ bstan bcos to bKa’ ’gyur and bsTan ’gyur.” In Transmission of the Tibetan Canon: Papers Presented at a Panel of the 7th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995, edited by Helmut Eimer, 87–111. Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1997.

Ui, Hakuju. A catalogue-index of the Tibetan Buddhist canons (Bkaḥ-ḥgyur and Bstan-ḥgyur). Sendai: Tōhoku Imperial University, 1934.


g.

Glossary

g.­1

Abhirati

  • mngon par dga’ ba
  • མངོན་པར་དགའ་བ།
  • Abhirati

The celestial realm of the tathāgata Akṣobhya in the east.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 6.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 17 related glossary entries
g.­2

Absorption

  • ting nge ’dzin
  • ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན།
  • samādhi

Stabilized meditative concentration.

28 passages contain this term:

  • i.­8
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­52
  • 1.­55
  • 1.­73
  • 2.­27
  • 4.­65
  • 4.­74
  • 4.­117
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­147
  • 4.­151
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­63
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­20
  • 6.­33
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­6
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­2
  • 11.­16
  • 13.­3
  • g.­79
  • g.­163
  • g.­216

Links to further resources:

  • 76 related glossary entries
g.­3

Acceptance

  • bzod pa
  • བཟོད་པ།
  • kṣānti

Intellectual and spiritual readiness to accept certain tenets, such as the nonarising of phenomena or the law of karma. Also translated here as “patience.”

32 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 2.­12
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­28
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­89
  • 3.­91
  • 4.­64
  • 4.­71
  • 4.­77
  • 4.­143
  • 5.­34
  • 5.­35
  • 5.­49
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­79
  • 6.­13
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­24
  • 6.­33
  • 6.­38
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­18
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­20
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­13
  • n.­453
  • n.­479
  • g.­193

Links to further resources:

  • 37 related glossary entries
g.­6

Afflictions

  • nyon mongs
  • ཉོན་མོངས།
  • kleśa

Mental and emotional traits that bind one to saṃsāra; the fundamental three are ignorance, desire, and anger. When the term refers to the fundamental three, it tends to be translated as “the afflictions.”

44 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­8
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­14
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­16
  • 1.­17
  • 1.­41
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­44
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­88
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­13
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­41
  • 4.­66
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­91
  • 4.­134
  • 4.­138
  • 5.­32
  • 5.­54
  • 5.­78
  • 6.­13
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­70
  • 6.­73
  • 8.­29
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­14
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­17
  • 13.­4
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­15
  • n.­367
  • n.­442
  • g.­87
  • g.­96
  • g.­189

Links to further resources:

  • 60 related glossary entries
g.­12

Akṣobhya

  • mi ’khrugs pa
  • མི་འཁྲུགས་པ།
  • Akṣobhya

In the Ratnaketudhāraṇī, he is one of the six “directional” tathāgatas.

5 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­2
  • 8.­1
  • 13.­13
  • g.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 35 related glossary entries
g.­20

Asura

  • lha ma yin
  • ལྷ་མ་ཡིན།
  • asura

A class of titans or demigods.

35 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­74
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 13.­16
  • n.­123
  • n.­150
  • n.­216
  • n.­380

Links to further resources:

  • 106 related glossary entries
g.­21

Aśvajit

  • rta thul
  • རྟ་ཐུལ།
  • Aśvajit

One of the five ascetics, the companions of the Buddha during his early practice of austerities.

9 passages contain this term:

  • i.­11
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­4
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­6
  • 1.­10
  • 1.­11
  • 1.­20
  • n.­8

Links to further resources:

  • 7 related glossary entries
g.­23

Āṭavaka

  • ’brog gnas
  • འབྲོག་གནས།
  • Āṭavaka

One of the five yakṣa generals.

11 passages contain this term:

  • i.­12
  • 12.­1
  • 12.­2
  • 12.­3
  • 12.­8
  • 12.­14
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­17
  • 12.­21
  • 12.­22
  • n.­467

Links to further resources:

  • 5 related glossary entries
g.­24

Awakening

  • byang chub
  • བྱང་ཆུབ།
  • bodhi

I.e., awakening to the reality of phenomena (inner and outer) as they actually are.

112 passages contain this term:

  • i.­6
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­73
  • 1.­83
  • 1.­84
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­8
  • 2.­13
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­15
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­17
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­19
  • 2.­20
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­47
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­59
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­61
  • 2.­62
  • 2.­63
  • 2.­64
  • 2.­66
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­66
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­69
  • 3.­95
  • 4.­8
  • 4.­28
  • 4.­35
  • 4.­55
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­126
  • 4.­127
  • 4.­134
  • 4.­136
  • 4.­142
  • 4.­143
  • 4.­148
  • 4.­151
  • 5.­5
  • 5.­6
  • 5.­8
  • 5.­9
  • 5.­13
  • 5.­26
  • 5.­29
  • 5.­30
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­67
  • 5.­76
  • 5.­79
  • 6.­17
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­25
  • 6.­39
  • 6.­41
  • 6.­42
  • 6.­72
  • 6.­75
  • 6.­76
  • 6.­77
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­6
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­14
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­20
  • 8.­27
  • 8.­31
  • 8.­36
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­6
  • 9.­9
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­14
  • 11.­15
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­22
  • 11.­23
  • 12.­3
  • 12.­4
  • 12.­5
  • 12.­6
  • 12.­7
  • 12.­13
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­5
  • n.­101
  • n.­145
  • n.­170
  • n.­193
  • n.­356
  • n.­393
  • g.­68
  • g.­78
  • g.­83
  • g.­163
  • g.­181
  • g.­202
  • g.­280

Links to further resources:

  • 9 related glossary entries
g.­29

Bhīṣaṇaka

  • ’jigs ’jigs
  • འཇིགས་འཇིགས།
  • Bhīṣaṇaka

One of the five yakṣa generals.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 12.­1
g.­31

Black faction

  • nag po’i phyogs
  • ནག་པོའི་ཕྱོགས།
  • kṛṣṇapakṣa

The army, divisions, or factions of Māra, the deity who personifies spiritual death; from Māra’s point of view, this is the “white faction.” Also refers to the dark fortnight of the lunar month.

6 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­6
  • 6.­11
  • 10.­1
  • 12.­16
  • 13.­2
  • g.­320

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­32

Blessed one

  • bcom ldan ’das
  • བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
  • bhagavat

A title used for the Buddha and other tathāgatas.

255 passages contain this term:

  • i.­2
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­10
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­25
  • 1.­26
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­30
  • 1.­31
  • 1.­33
  • 1.­34
  • 1.­36
  • 1.­37
  • 1.­39
  • 1.­40
  • 1.­42
  • 1.­46
  • 1.­48
  • 1.­52
  • 1.­53
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­55
  • 1.­57
  • 1.­58
  • 1.­59
  • 1.­62
  • 1.­73
  • 1.­74
  • 1.­75
  • 1.­86
  • 1.­87
  • 1.­88
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­12
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­15
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­28
  • 2.­29
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­31
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­38
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­48
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­34
  • 3.­108
  • 3.­109
  • 3.­121
  • 3.­123
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­4
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­11
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­15
  • 4.­16
  • 4.­17
  • 4.­19
  • 4.­20
  • 4.­21
  • 4.­25
  • 4.­29
  • 4.­36
  • 4.­37
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­46
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­58
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­71
  • 4.­72
  • 4.­73
  • 4.­74
  • 4.­75
  • 4.­78
  • 4.­81
  • 4.­82
  • 4.­115
  • 4.­118
  • 4.­121
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­132
  • 4.­145
  • 4.­146
  • 4.­147
  • 4.­150
  • 4.­151
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­10
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­19
  • 5.­20
  • 5.­21
  • 5.­23
  • 5.­24
  • 5.­38
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­51
  • 5.­54
  • 5.­58
  • 5.­59
  • 5.­60
  • 5.­61
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­80
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­84
  • 5.­85
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­7
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­20
  • 6.­21
  • 6.­22
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­36
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­51
  • 6.­52
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­54
  • 6.­55
  • 6.­58
  • 6.­60
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­71
  • 6.­72
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­75
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­81
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­83
  • 6.­84
  • 6.­85
  • 7.­1
  • 7.­2
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­5
  • 7.­6
  • 7.­7
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­2
  • 8.­3
  • 8.­4
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­6
  • 8.­7
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­19
  • 8.­20
  • 8.­24
  • 8.­26
  • 8.­28
  • 8.­30
  • 8.­32
  • 8.­34
  • 8.­38
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­2
  • 9.­5
  • 9.­6
  • 9.­7
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­3
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­9
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­16
  • 10.­18
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­22
  • 10.­24
  • 10.­26
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­6
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­12
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­15
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­20
  • 12.­1
  • 12.­2
  • 12.­14
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­19
  • 12.­21
  • 13.­1
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­4
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­6
  • 13.­7
  • 13.­12
  • 13.­15
  • 13.­16
  • n.­75
  • n.­76
  • n.­119
  • n.­243
  • n.­291
  • n.­378
  • n.­461
  • n.­483

Links to further resources:

  • 116 related glossary entries
g.­36

Bodhisattva

  • byang chub sems dpa’
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།
  • bodhisattva

A practitioner who, motivated by altruistic feelings, vows not to enter nirvāṇa until each and every being has been liberated first.

161 passages contain this term:

  • i.­6
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­52
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­17
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­20
  • 2.­22
  • 2.­25
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­28
  • 2.­34
  • 2.­66
  • 4.­68
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­150
  • 4.­151
  • 5.­10
  • 5.­11
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­13
  • 5.­14
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­39
  • 5.­51
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­84
  • 5.­85
  • 5.­94
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­5
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­9
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­33
  • 6.­35
  • 6.­39
  • 6.­44
  • 6.­45
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­60
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­63
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­75
  • 7.­1
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­6
  • 7.­7
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­22
  • 8.­24
  • 8.­26
  • 8.­28
  • 8.­30
  • 8.­32
  • 8.­34
  • 8.­36
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­5
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­18
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­12
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­15
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­20
  • 11.­21
  • 11.­22
  • 12.­2
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­4
  • 13.­7
  • n.­107
  • n.­109
  • n.­148
  • n.­323
  • n.­348
  • n.­389
  • n.­453
  • g.­4
  • g.­11
  • g.­18
  • g.­34
  • g.­54
  • g.­59
  • g.­68
  • g.­69
  • g.­71
  • g.­73
  • g.­77
  • g.­82
  • g.­112
  • g.­117
  • g.­118
  • g.­120
  • g.­122
  • g.­124
  • g.­125
  • g.­126
  • g.­129
  • g.­130
  • g.­148
  • g.­161
  • g.­164
  • g.­165
  • g.­173
  • g.­177
  • g.­191
  • g.­194
  • g.­200
  • g.­206
  • g.­216
  • g.­217
  • g.­223
  • g.­243
  • g.­248
  • g.­259
  • g.­261
  • g.­262
  • g.­263
  • g.­264
  • g.­270
  • g.­281
  • g.­287
  • g.­292
  • g.­293
  • g.­299
  • g.­303
  • g.­304
  • g.­305
  • g.­308
  • g.­311
  • g.­312
  • g.­319

Links to further resources:

  • 33 related glossary entries
g.­37

Brahmā

  • tshangs pa
  • ཚངས་པ།
  • brahmā

A god from any of the realms of Brahmā.

22 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­3
  • 6.­55
  • 6.­59
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­63
  • 6.­66
  • 6.­67
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­21
  • n.­430

Links to further resources:

  • 125 related glossary entries
g.­38

Brahmā

  • tshangs pa
  • ཚངས་པ།
  • Brahmā

One of the trinity of Hindu gods, a protagonist and ally of the Buddha; when spelled with the lower case, it denotes any god from the multiple worlds of Brahmā.

24 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­40
  • 1.­74
  • 2.­20
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­58
  • 4.­74
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 7.­1
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­6
  • 13.­1
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­15
  • n.­429
  • g.­37
  • g.­114
  • g.­168

Links to further resources:

  • 125 related glossary entries
g.­40

Buddha

  • sangs rgyas
  • སངས་རྒྱས།
  • buddha

A fully awakened being; when spelled with a capital letter it refers to the Buddha Śākyamuni, one of the Three Jewels.

329 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • i.­5
  • i.­6
  • i.­7
  • i.­8
  • i.­9
  • i.­10
  • i.­14
  • i.­15
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­10
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­25
  • 1.­56
  • 1.­63
  • 1.­73
  • 1.­74
  • 1.­85
  • 1.­86
  • 1.­87
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­43
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­62
  • 2.­67
  • 2.­69
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­34
  • 3.­48
  • 3.­73
  • 3.­75
  • 3.­76
  • 3.­102
  • 3.­104
  • 3.­106
  • 3.­107
  • 3.­115
  • 3.­117
  • 3.­121
  • 3.­123
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­23
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­38
  • 4.­42
  • 4.­48
  • 4.­64
  • 4.­66
  • 4.­68
  • 4.­69
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­74
  • 4.­124
  • 4.­130
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­135
  • 4.­136
  • 4.­137
  • 4.­140
  • 4.­141
  • 4.­142
  • 4.­144
  • 4.­146
  • 4.­147
  • 4.­149
  • 4.­150
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­9
  • 5.­11
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­13
  • 5.­14
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­24
  • 5.­26
  • 5.­34
  • 5.­41
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­55
  • 5.­72
  • 5.­73
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­80
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­84
  • 5.­85
  • 5.­90
  • 5.­93
  • 5.­95
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­5
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­7
  • 6.­9
  • 6.­10
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­20
  • 6.­21
  • 6.­22
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­29
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­34
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­51
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­54
  • 6.­58
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­63
  • 6.­67
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­70
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­75
  • 6.­76
  • 6.­77
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­81
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­83
  • 6.­84
  • 6.­85
  • 7.­1
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­5
  • 7.­6
  • 7.­7
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­2
  • 8.­3
  • 8.­4
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­6
  • 8.­7
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­15
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­18
  • 8.­19
  • 8.­20
  • 8.­33
  • 8.­35
  • 8.­38
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­2
  • 9.­5
  • 9.­6
  • 9.­7
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­3
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­9
  • 10.­13
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­16
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­18
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­22
  • 10.­24
  • 10.­26
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­12
  • 11.­14
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­17
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­20
  • 11.­21
  • 11.­22
  • 12.­2
  • 12.­3
  • 12.­10
  • 12.­14
  • 12.­15
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­17
  • 12.­21
  • 13.­1
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­4
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­6
  • 13.­7
  • 13.­11
  • 13.­15
  • n.­8
  • n.­12
  • n.­13
  • n.­16
  • n.­17
  • n.­65
  • n.­70
  • n.­75
  • n.­76
  • n.­129
  • n.­144
  • n.­149
  • n.­258
  • n.­290
  • n.­295
  • n.­333
  • n.­365
  • n.­378
  • n.­389
  • n.­391
  • n.­483
  • n.­486
  • g.­4
  • g.­11
  • g.­14
  • g.­18
  • g.­21
  • g.­32
  • g.­33
  • g.­34
  • g.­38
  • g.­44
  • g.­57
  • g.­59
  • g.­62
  • g.­68
  • g.­69
  • g.­71
  • g.­73
  • g.­74
  • g.­78
  • g.­82
  • g.­85
  • g.­105
  • g.­113
  • g.­116
  • g.­117
  • g.­118
  • g.­120
  • g.­121
  • g.­124
  • g.­125
  • g.­126
  • g.­129
  • g.­130
  • g.­131
  • g.­137
  • g.­139
  • g.­140
  • g.­142
  • g.­148
  • g.­150
  • g.­152
  • g.­161
  • g.­162
  • g.­164
  • g.­165
  • g.­173
  • g.­177
  • g.­179
  • g.­180
  • g.­191
  • g.­200
  • g.­202
  • g.­205
  • g.­206
  • g.­217
  • g.­228
  • g.­229
  • g.­230
  • g.­233
  • g.­236
  • g.­242
  • g.­244
  • g.­247
  • g.­248
  • g.­250
  • g.­258
  • g.­259
  • g.­262
  • g.­264
  • g.­270
  • g.­274
  • g.­280
  • g.­285
  • g.­287
  • g.­292
  • g.­299
  • g.­300
  • g.­303
  • g.­304
  • g.­305
  • g.­307
  • g.­308
  • g.­309
  • g.­311
  • g.­312
  • g.­318
  • g.­319

Links to further resources:

  • 10 related glossary entries
g.­46

Chinnasrotas

  • rgyun bcad pa
  • རྒྱུན་བཅད་པ།
  • Chinnasrotas

One of the five yakṣa generals.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 12.­1
  • 12.­5
g.­52

Dark age

  • zad pa’i dus
  • ཟད་པའི་དུས།
  • kaliyuga

The most degenerate in the cosmic cycle of five ages.

5 passages contain this term:

  • i.­15
  • 12.­10
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­13
  • n.­474

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­53

Delighting in Emanations

  • ’phrul dga’
  • འཕྲུལ་དགའ།
  • Nirmāṇarati

One of the gods’ realms.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 7.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 41 related glossary entries
g.­60

Dhāraṇī

  • gzungs
  • གཟུངས།
  • dhāraṇī

Magical spell, usually a longer one with a specific purpose. Being also the name of a literary genre, this term may refer also to the entire text of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī or a section of text dealing with a particular dhāraṇī.

89 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­5
  • i.­6
  • i.­7
  • i.­8
  • i.­11
  • i.­12
  • i.­13
  • i.­14
  • i.­15
  • h.­3
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­40
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­43
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­45
  • 2.­46
  • 2.­47
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­1
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­84
  • 6.­15
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­17
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­33
  • 6.­41
  • 6.­42
  • 6.­43
  • 6.­44
  • 6.­45
  • 6.­46
  • 6.­47
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­51
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­63
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­79
  • 6.­84
  • 6.­86
  • 8.­4
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­6
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­12
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­15
  • 10.­19
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­6
  • 11.­7
  • 11.­8
  • 11.­9
  • 11.­10
  • 11.­14
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­21
  • 11.­22
  • 12.­11
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­19
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­5
  • c.­1
  • n.­5
  • n.­11
  • n.­16
  • n.­129
  • n.­130
  • n.­131
  • n.­132
  • n.­390
  • n.­405
  • n.­445
  • g.­61
  • g.­63
  • g.­64
  • g.­216

Links to further resources:

  • 94 related glossary entries
g.­61

Dhāraṇī-seal

  • gzungs kyi phyag rgya
  • གཟུངས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་རྒྱ།
  • dhāraṇīmudrā

This is another term used for dhāraṇī that is meant to convey, among other meanings, the idea that a dhāraṇī seals or stamps upon the reciter or the targeted phenomenon the nature that it embodies.

21 passages contain this term:

  • i.­8
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­80
  • 6.­13
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­36
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­68
  • 7.­7
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­22
  • 10.­24
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­11
  • 13.­4
  • n.­396

Links to further resources:

  • 3 related glossary entries
g.­62

Dharma

  • chos
  • ཆོས།
  • dharma

Quality or phenomenon in a general sense; when spelled with a capital letter it refers to the Buddha’s teaching, one of the Three Jewels.

217 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • i.­14
  • i.­15
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­8
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­14
  • 1.­16
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­30
  • 1.­51
  • 1.­68
  • 1.­73
  • 1.­87
  • 1.­88
  • 1.­89
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­3
  • 2.­7
  • 2.­17
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­19
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­24
  • 2.­25
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­28
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­34
  • 2.­35
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­67
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­6
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­40
  • 3.­48
  • 3.­49
  • 3.­57
  • 3.­63
  • 3.­65
  • 3.­66
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­73
  • 3.­76
  • 3.­77
  • 3.­78
  • 3.­79
  • 3.­81
  • 3.­87
  • 3.­88
  • 3.­91
  • 3.­92
  • 3.­95
  • 3.­96
  • 3.­97
  • 3.­104
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­13
  • 4.­22
  • 4.­23
  • 4.­24
  • 4.­28
  • 4.­34
  • 4.­36
  • 4.­38
  • 4.­40
  • 4.­41
  • 4.­42
  • 4.­43
  • 4.­48
  • 4.­49
  • 4.­50
  • 4.­51
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­59
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­77
  • 4.­85
  • 4.­101
  • 4.­104
  • 4.­123
  • 4.­127
  • 4.­128
  • 4.­129
  • 4.­134
  • 4.­139
  • 4.­140
  • 4.­150
  • 5.­7
  • 5.­20
  • 5.­26
  • 5.­27
  • 5.­33
  • 5.­42
  • 5.­43
  • 5.­48
  • 5.­52
  • 5.­53
  • 5.­54
  • 5.­56
  • 5.­57
  • 5.­58
  • 5.­59
  • 5.­60
  • 5.­75
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­80
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­84
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­15
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­20
  • 6.­21
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­29
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­41
  • 6.­43
  • 6.­46
  • 6.­47
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­67
  • 6.­68
  • 6.­70
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­79
  • 6.­81
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­85
  • 7.­7
  • 7.­8
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­7
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­15
  • 8.­38
  • 9.­4
  • 9.­5
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­3
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­8
  • 10.­9
  • 10.­10
  • 10.­13
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­15
  • 10.­16
  • 10.­18
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­22
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­17
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­24
  • 12.­4
  • 12.­7
  • 12.­9
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­7
  • 13.­13
  • n.­14
  • n.­29
  • n.­56
  • n.­81
  • n.­106
  • n.­107
  • n.­153
  • n.­170
  • n.­178
  • n.­179
  • n.­193
  • n.­260
  • n.­268
  • n.­379
  • n.­402
  • n.­404
  • n.­443
  • g.­3
  • g.­24
  • g.­51
  • g.­61
  • g.­64
  • g.­274

Links to further resources:

  • 34 related glossary entries
g.­63

Dharma discourse

  • chos kyi rnam grangs
  • ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་གྲངས།
  • dharmaparyāya

This may refer to the entire text of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī or to a section dealing with a particular dhāraṇī.

33 passages contain this term:

  • i.­13
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­68
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­79
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­8
  • 10.­9
  • 10.­12
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­15
  • 10.­18
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­22
  • 10.­24
  • 10.­25
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­15
  • 11.­18
  • 13.­1
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­4
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­6
  • 13.­8
  • 13.­15

Links to further resources:

  • 16 related glossary entries
g.­64

Dharma method

  • chos kyi tshul
  • ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཚུལ།
  • dharmanetrī

The Skt. term, which means “way,” “method,” or “system,” could be interpreted as that which is “conducive” to the Dharma, which “leads” to the Dharma or which “guides” in accordance with the principles of the Dharma. In the Ratnaketudhāraṇī, it variously refers to individual dhāraṇīs, the sections that deal with these dhāraṇīs, or the entire text of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī.

31 passages contain this term:

  • i.­14
  • i.­15
  • 4.­12
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­29
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­36
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­85
  • 7.­7
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­12
  • 9.­5
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­25
  • 10.­26
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­11
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­4
  • n.­440

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­65

Dhṛtarāṣṭra

  • yul ’khor srung
  • ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང་།
  • Dhṛtarāṣṭra

One of the Four Great Kings.

5 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­108
  • 6.­69
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­9
  • g.­95

Links to further resources:

  • 26 related glossary entries
g.­68

Discriminating Intellect

  • shin tu rnam par phye ba’i blo gros
  • ཤིན་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་ཕྱེ་བའི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • —

One of the bodhisattvas who received from the Buddha a prophecy of his future awakening.

4 passages contain this term:

  • 7.­1
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • g.­117
g.­73

Durdharṣa

  • thub dka’
  • ཐུབ་དཀའ།
  • Durdharṣa

One of the bodhisattvas in the Buddha’s retinue; also one of the māras.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 3.­21
g.­81

Exposition

  • lung bstan
  • ལུང་བསྟན།
  • vyākaraṇa

A clear analysis or detailed presentation. Also translated here as “prophecy.”

19 passages contain this term:

  • i.­6
  • i.­9
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­80
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­84
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 7.­7
  • 10.­1
  • 11.­2
  • 13.­5
  • n.­333
  • n.­334
  • g.­202

Links to further resources:

  • 14 related glossary entries
g.­87

Five degenerations

  • snyigs ma lnga
  • སྙིགས་མ་ལྔ།
  • pañcakaṣāya

Five signs that the later era of an eon has arrived: degenerate views, afflictions, beings, lifespan, and time.

16 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­30
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­78
  • 6.­10
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­78
  • 8.­7
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­6
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­16
  • 13.­3

Links to further resources:

  • 14 related glossary entries
g.­89

Form

  • gzugs
  • གཟུགས།
  • rūpa

First of the five aggregates.

13 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­87
  • 2.­5
  • 3.­55
  • 4.­75
  • 4.­131
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­36
  • 6.­57
  • 7.­1
  • 7.­2
  • n.­190
  • g.­86
  • g.­276

Links to further resources:

  • 19 related glossary entries
g.­95

Four Great Kings

  • rgyal po chen po bzhi
  • རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ་བཞི།
  • caturmahārāja

The powerful nonhuman guardian kings of the four quarters‍—Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Vaiśravaṇa‍—who rule, respectively, over kumbhāṇḍas in the south, nāgas in the west, gandharvas in the east, and yakṣas in the north.

9 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­108
  • 4.­74
  • 7.­1
  • g.­65
  • g.­156
  • g.­301
  • g.­315
  • g.­316
  • g.­321

Links to further resources:

  • 44 related glossary entries
g.­101

Free from Strife

  • ’thab bral
  • འཐབ་བྲལ།
  • Yāma

One of the gods’ realms.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 7.­1
  • g.­325

Links to further resources:

  • 40 related glossary entries
g.­102

Gandharva

  • dri za
  • དྲི་ཟ།
  • gandharva

A class of celestial beings.

27 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­109
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­16
  • n.­216
  • g.­95

Links to further resources:

  • 114 related glossary entries
g.­104

Garuḍa

  • nam mkha’ lding
  • ནམ་མཁའ་ལྡིང་།
  • garuḍa

A class of celestial birds with bodies half human and half bird.

26 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­70
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • n.­123
  • n.­216

Links to further resources:

  • 79 related glossary entries
g.­110

Glorious and Brilliantly Shining Jewel

  • nor bu ’od ’bar ba dpal
  • ནོར་བུ་འོད་འབར་བ་དཔལ།
  • —

One of the tathāgatas.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 7.­1
g.­111

God

  • lha
  • ལྷ།
  • deva

A celestial being from the highest realm (in the sixfold division) of saṃsāra.

111 passages contain this term:

  • i.­13
  • 1.­25
  • 1.­56
  • 1.­57
  • 1.­74
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­32
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­55
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­74
  • 3.­83
  • 3.­88
  • 3.­96
  • 3.­97
  • 3.­100
  • 3.­101
  • 3.­108
  • 3.­109
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­20
  • 4.­21
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­48
  • 4.­54
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­71
  • 4.­72
  • 4.­73
  • 4.­75
  • 4.­76
  • 4.­118
  • 4.­144
  • 4.­150
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­34
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­83
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­58
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­18
  • 8.­36
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­5
  • 9.­6
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­21
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­6
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­20
  • 12.­12
  • 12.­21
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­16
  • n.­65
  • n.­398
  • n.­407
  • n.­431
  • n.­453
  • g.­10
  • g.­37
  • g.­38
  • g.­43
  • g.­53
  • g.­101
  • g.­114
  • g.­147
  • g.­156
  • g.­157
  • g.­168
  • g.­170
  • g.­174
  • g.­204
  • g.­218
  • g.­219
  • g.­226
  • g.­227
  • g.­266
  • g.­290
  • g.­291
  • g.­301
  • g.­306
  • g.­324
  • g.­325

Links to further resources:

  • 61 related glossary entries
g.­116

Hearer

  • nyan thos
  • ཉན་ཐོས།
  • śrāvaka

A disciple of the Buddha; in the Mahāyāna sūtras this term refers to the followers of the Hīnayāna, or the Lesser Vehicle.

35 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­31
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­73
  • 3.­109
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­150
  • 5.­10
  • 5.­11
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­13
  • 5.­14
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­85
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­63
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­3
  • 8.­37
  • n.­12
  • n.­141
  • g.­142
  • g.­172
  • g.­207
  • g.­253
  • g.­254
  • g.­281

Links to further resources:

  • 102 related glossary entries
g.­120

Holder of Meru’s Peak

  • lhun po’i rtse ’dzin
  • ལྷུན་པོའི་རྩེ་འཛིན།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­123

Insight

  • shes rab
  • ཤེས་རབ།
  • prajñā

Direct gnosis without conceptuality or mental elaboration.

22 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­31
  • 1.­32
  • 1.­41
  • 2.­3
  • 2.­24
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­94
  • 7.­3
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­7
  • 8.­18
  • 8.­19
  • 8.­25
  • 10.­1
  • 13.­13
  • n.­30
  • n.­82
  • g.­196
  • g.­241

Links to further resources:

  • 58 related glossary entries
g.­124

Intelligent Light

  • ’od kyi blo gros
  • འོད་ཀྱི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­1
g.­125

Intelligent Lightning

  • glog gi blo gros
  • གློག་གི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­126

Intelligent Sky

  • nam mkha’i blo gros
  • ནམ་མཁའི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­1
g.­129

Jayamati

  • rgyal ba’i blo gros
  • རྒྱལ་བའི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • Jayamati

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue; also one of Māra’s sons.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­65

Links to further resources:

  • 4 related glossary entries
g.­130

Jinamati

  • —
  • —
  • Jinamati

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­1
g.­133

Jñānolka

  • shes pa’i sgron ma
  • ཤེས་པའི་སྒྲོན་མ།
  • Jñānolka

One of the five yakṣa generals.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 12.­1
  • 12.­5
g.­139

Kalandakanivāpa

  • bya ka lan ta ka
  • བྱ་ཀ་ལན་ཏ་ཀ
  • Kalandaka­nivāpa

Literally, “The Squirrel Feeding Ground,” a location within the Veṇuvana where the Buddha stayed, receiving its name from the many squirrels living there, being fed by humans. It should be noted that Tibetan translations misunderstand the Sanskrit term kalandaka to be a kind of bird (Tib. bya).

3 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­10
  • 1.­18

Links to further resources:

  • 19 related glossary entries
g.­141

Karma

  • las
  • ལས།
  • karman

Activity, action, or karma (karmic accumulation).

60 passages contain this term:

  • i.­7
  • i.­8
  • i.­14
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­21
  • 1.­22
  • 1.­41
  • 1.­79
  • 2.­9
  • 2.­24
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­43
  • 2.­55
  • 2.­58
  • 2.­67
  • 3.­68
  • 3.­72
  • 3.­95
  • 4.­48
  • 4.­119
  • 4.­142
  • 5.­88
  • 5.­92
  • 6.­24
  • 6.­46
  • 6.­47
  • 6.­67
  • 6.­81
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­5
  • 7.­6
  • 10.­10
  • 10.­13
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­24
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­18
  • 12.­14
  • 13.­5
  • n.­129
  • n.­132
  • n.­136
  • n.­192
  • n.­193
  • n.­333
  • n.­371
  • n.­480
  • g.­3
  • g.­5
  • g.­78
  • g.­79
  • g.­270
  • g.­271

Links to further resources:

  • 28 related glossary entries
g.­144

Kaulita

  • pang nas skyes
  • པང་ནས་སྐྱེས།
  • Kaulita

Another name of Maudgalyāyana.

16 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­11
  • 1.­12
  • 1.­14
  • 1.­16
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­19
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­26
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­35
  • 1.­51
  • 3.­77
  • n.­8
  • n.­178

Links to further resources:

  • 4 related glossary entries
g.­146

Kauṇḍiṇyārcis

  • kauN+Di n+ya ’od ’phro ba
  • ཀཽཎྜི་ནྱ་འོད་འཕྲོ་བ།
  • Kauṇḍiṇyārcis

One of the tathāgatas.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 12.­1
g.­151

Kinnara

  • mi ’am ci
  • མི་འམ་ཅི།
  • kinnara

A class of celestial beings.

27 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­21
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­70
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • n.­123
  • n.­216

Links to further resources:

  • 79 related glossary entries
g.­154

Kṣatriya

  • rgyal rigs
  • རྒྱལ་རིགས།
  • kṣatriya

The warrior caste (one of the main four Indian castes).

15 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­44
  • 2.­45
  • 3.­108
  • 5.­79
  • 6.­24
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­67
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­6
  • 10.­24
  • 12.­7
  • 12.­10
  • 12.­11
  • n.­124

Links to further resources:

  • 34 related glossary entries
g.­156

Kubera

  • lus ngan po
  • ལུས་ངན་པོ།
  • Kubera
  • Kuvera

A god of wealth, sometimes (as in the Ratnaketudhāraṇī) identified with Vaiśravaṇa, one of the Four Great Kings.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 11.­1
  • 11.­10

Links to further resources:

  • 22 related glossary entries
g.­159

Kumbhāṇḍa

  • grul bum
  • གྲུལ་བུམ།
  • kumbhāṇḍa

A class of nonhuman beings.

10 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­28
  • 6.­74
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 12.­11
  • 13.­3
  • g.­95

Links to further resources:

  • 30 related glossary entries
g.­166

Magadha

  • ma ga d+hA
  • མ་ག་དྷཱ།
  • Māgadha
  • Magadha

The country corresponding roughly to modern Bihar.

5 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • 3.­29
  • g.­14
  • g.­212
  • g.­307

Links to further resources:

  • 31 related glossary entries
g.­169

Mahācandanagandha

  • tsan dan gyi dri chen po
  • ཙན་དན་གྱི་དྲི་ཆེན་པོ།
  • Mahā­candana­gandha

One of the tathāgatas.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 13.­1
  • 13.­2
g.­170

Maheśvara

  • dbang phyug chen po
  • དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ།
  • Maheśvara

One of the forms of the god Śiva.

10 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­37
  • 1.­40
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­74
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­1
  • g.­135

Links to further resources:

  • 47 related glossary entries
g.­171

Mahoraga

  • lto ’phye chen po
  • ལྟོ་འཕྱེ་ཆེན་པོ།
  • mahoraga

A class of nonhuman beings with bodies resembling snakes.

30 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­70
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­21
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • n.­123
  • n.­216

Links to further resources:

  • 71 related glossary entries
g.­173

Maitreya

  • byams pa
  • བྱམས་པ།
  • Maitreya

A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha; also the name of the future buddha.

5 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 2.­20
  • 2.­66
  • 10.­18
  • n.­148

Links to further resources:

  • 83 related glossary entries
g.­174

Making Use of Others’ Emanations

  • gzhan ’phrul dbang byed
  • གཞན་འཕྲུལ་དབང་བྱེད།
  • Paranirmita­vaśa­vartin

One of the gods’ realms.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 7.­1
  • g.­306

Links to further resources:

  • 43 related glossary entries
g.­175

Maṇḍala

  • dkyil ’khor
  • དཀྱིལ་འཁོར།
  • maṇḍala

Apart from the well-known meaning of a magical diagram and several other conventional meanings, this term seems to denote any magically charged area or sphere of a specific type, such as, e.g., the maṇḍala of wind, the maṇḍala of sound, etc.

10 passages contain this term:

  • i.­5
  • 5.­50
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­54
  • 6.­60
  • 12.­15
  • 12.­16
  • n.­76
  • n.­397
  • n.­469

Links to further resources:

  • 10 related glossary entries
g.­176

Māndāravagandharoca

  • me tog man dA ra ba’i dri mo
  • མེ་ཏོག་མན་དཱ་ར་བའི་དྲི་མོ།
  • Māndārava­gandha­roca

One of the tathāgatas.

4 passages contain this term:

  • 10.­1
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­3
  • 10.­17
g.­177

Mañjuśrī

  • ’jam dpal
  • འཇམ་དཔལ།
  • Mañjuśrī

The bodhisattva of wisdom; one of the bodhisattvas in the retinue of the Buddha.

5 passages contain this term:

  • i.­5
  • 1.­1
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­22
  • 2.­25

Links to further resources:

  • 109 related glossary entries
g.­178

Māra

  • bdud
  • བདུད།
  • māra

A generic name for the followers of Māra.

103 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­17
  • 1.­19
  • 2.­62
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­10
  • 3.­12
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­19
  • 3.­21
  • 3.­25
  • 3.­27
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­32
  • 3.­33
  • 3.­34
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­36
  • 3.­39
  • 3.­40
  • 3.­47
  • 3.­49
  • 3.­61
  • 3.­63
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­73
  • 3.­93
  • 3.­98
  • 3.­102
  • 3.­103
  • 3.­106
  • 3.­107
  • 3.­108
  • 3.­109
  • 3.­110
  • 3.­119
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­8
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­11
  • 4.­20
  • 4.­21
  • 4.­24
  • 4.­54
  • 4.­56
  • 4.­58
  • 4.­67
  • 4.­73
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­7
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­19
  • 5.­34
  • 5.­55
  • 5.­72
  • 5.­83
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­67
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­74
  • 6.­75
  • 6.­76
  • 6.­77
  • 6.­84
  • 8.­2
  • 8.­4
  • 8.­7
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­11
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­13
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­1
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­12
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­17
  • 11.­21
  • 11.­22
  • g.­7
  • g.­31
  • g.­35
  • g.­73
  • g.­88
  • g.­107
  • g.­136
  • g.­149
  • g.­155
  • g.­188
  • g.­234
  • g.­289
  • g.­320

Links to further resources:

  • 115 related glossary entries
g.­179

Māra

  • bdud
  • བདུད།
  • Māra

The main adversary of the Buddha and the embodiment of evil; in the latter sense it may also be used in the plural.

139 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • h.­3
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­19
  • 1.­20
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­26
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­37
  • 1.­39
  • 1.­40
  • 1.­43
  • 1.­44
  • 1.­45
  • 1.­47
  • 1.­49
  • 1.­52
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­55
  • 1.­58
  • 1.­59
  • 1.­61
  • 1.­62
  • 1.­63
  • 1.­65
  • 1.­67
  • 1.­70
  • 1.­71
  • 1.­72
  • 1.­73
  • 1.­75
  • 1.­83
  • 1.­86
  • 1.­87
  • 1.­88
  • 1.­89
  • 1.­90
  • 1.­91
  • 1.­92
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­33
  • 2.­35
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­55
  • 2.­56
  • 2.­58
  • 2.­66
  • 2.­67
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­6
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­10
  • 3.­12
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­47
  • 3.­61
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­75
  • 3.­97
  • 3.­98
  • 3.­101
  • 3.­103
  • 3.­110
  • 3.­113
  • 3.­114
  • 3.­115
  • 3.­119
  • 3.­121
  • 3.­123
  • 3.­124
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­8
  • 4.­55
  • 4.­67
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­75
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­19
  • 5.­59
  • 5.­60
  • 5.­61
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­81
  • 6.­11
  • 6.­12
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­29
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­67
  • 6.­68
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­75
  • 6.­77
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­79
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­4
  • 8.­9
  • 9.­8
  • 9.­9
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­17
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­20
  • 11.­21
  • 11.­22
  • 11.­23
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­5
  • n.­8
  • n.­19
  • n.­59
  • n.­109
  • n.­116
  • n.­136
  • n.­149
  • n.­354
  • n.­453
  • g.­31
  • g.­129
  • g.­158
  • g.­178
  • g.­310
  • g.­320

Links to further resources:

  • 115 related glossary entries
g.­180

Maudgalyāyana

  • maud gal gyi bu
  • མཽད་གལ་གྱི་བུ།
  • Maudgalyāyana

One of the main disciples of the Buddha.

15 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • 1.­35
  • 1.­36
  • 1.­37
  • 1.­53
  • 3.­40
  • 3.­47
  • 3.­49
  • 3.­73
  • n.­8
  • n.­34
  • n.­177
  • g.­144
  • g.­145
  • g.­184

Links to further resources:

  • 63 related glossary entries
g.­181

Mind of awakening

  • byang chub kyi sems
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས།
  • bodhicitta

The aspiration to attain awakening for the sake of all beings.

7 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­55
  • 1.­83
  • 4.­123
  • 4.­151
  • 6.­27
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­8

Links to further resources:

  • 41 related glossary entries
g.­186

Nāga

  • klu
  • ཀླུ།
  • nāga

A class of nonhuman beings with bodies that are half snake and half human.

48 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­72
  • 1.­74
  • 2.­32
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­34
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­20
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­74
  • 4.­144
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­79
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­5
  • 9.­6
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 12.­11
  • 12.­12
  • 12.­21
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­5
  • n.­398
  • n.­407
  • n.­431
  • g.­95

Links to further resources:

  • 91 related glossary entries
g.­189

Nirvāṇa

  • mya ngan las ’das pa
  • མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ།
  • nirvāṇa

The state attained when the afflictions have been extinguished.

24 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­38
  • 1.­41
  • 1.­42
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­40
  • 2.­47
  • 3.­84
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­136
  • 4.­137
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­81
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­75
  • 7.­5
  • 11.­14
  • n.­39
  • n.­93
  • n.­106
  • g.­36
  • g.­192
  • g.­247
  • g.­253

Links to further resources:

  • 31 related glossary entries
g.­190

Noble one

  • ’phags pa
  • འཕགས་པ།
  • ārya

This term in particular applies to stream enterers, once-returners, non-returners, and worthy ones.

66 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­34
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­81
  • 1.­84
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­3
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­5
  • 2.­6
  • 2.­12
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­22
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­34
  • 2.­40
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­48
  • 2.­67
  • 3.­48
  • 4.­50
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­85
  • 5.­86
  • 5.­87
  • 5.­88
  • 5.­89
  • 5.­90
  • 5.­92
  • 5.­93
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­45
  • 6.­59
  • 6.­60
  • 6.­72
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­84
  • 6.­85
  • 7.­2
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • 8.­1
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­6
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­8
  • 10.­13
  • 10.­21
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­17
  • 11.­21
  • 12.­3
  • 12.­10
  • 12.­11
  • 12.­14
  • 12.­16
  • 13.­3
  • n.­80
  • n.­121
  • n.­468
  • n.­470

Links to further resources:

  • 26 related glossary entries
g.­197

Piśāca

  • sha za
  • ཤ་ཟ།
  • piśāca

A class of flesh-eating spirits.

10 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­28
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­66
  • 6.­74
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37

Links to further resources:

  • 30 related glossary entries
g.­201

Preta

  • yi dags
  • ཡི་དགས།
  • preta

A class of spirits of the lower order, sometimes called “hungry ghosts.”

10 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­55
  • 3.­28
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­37
  • n.­138
  • g.­143
  • g.­275

Links to further resources:

  • 50 related glossary entries
g.­202

Prophecy

  • lung bstan
  • ལུང་བསྟན།
  • vyākaraṇa

A prophecy usually made by the Buddha or another tathāgata concerning the perfect awakening of one of their followers; a literary genre or category of works that contain such prophecies. Also translated here as “exposition.”

38 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­9
  • 1.­54
  • 2.­64
  • 4.­151
  • 5.­6
  • 5.­8
  • 5.­13
  • 6.­19
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­20
  • 8.­22
  • 8.­24
  • 8.­26
  • 8.­28
  • 8.­30
  • 8.­32
  • 8.­34
  • 8.­36
  • 8.­37
  • 8.­39
  • 11.­16
  • 12.­4
  • 12.­7
  • g.­54
  • g.­68
  • g.­77
  • g.­81
  • g.­121
  • g.­122
  • g.­223
  • g.­243
  • g.­261
  • g.­263
  • g.­293

Links to further resources:

  • 14 related glossary entries
g.­212

Rājagṛha

  • rgyal po’i khab
  • རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁབ།
  • Rājagṛha

The capital city of Magadha.

27 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­2
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­10
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­28
  • 3.­29
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­40
  • 3.­63
  • 3.­97
  • 3.­106
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­8
  • 4.­19
  • 4.­75
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­10
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­16
  • n.­17
  • g.­137
  • g.­268
  • g.­307

Links to further resources:

  • 79 related glossary entries
g.­213

Rākṣasa

  • srin po
  • སྲིན་པོ།
  • rākṣasa

A demon; a class of demons.

10 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­44
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­70
  • 6.­74
  • 7.­1
  • 10.­11
  • 12.­11
  • 13.­3

Links to further resources:

  • 47 related glossary entries
g.­216

Ratnaketu

  • rin po che tog
  • རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཏོག
  • Ratnaketu

It occurs as the main title of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī and also as the name of the main dhāraṇī of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī. It is also used in Buddhist texts to designate a special meditative absorption, a tathāgata, and a bodhisattva. Generally, the term refers to something precious and illuminating, i.e., a guiding light.

26 passages contain this term:

  • i.­5
  • i.­7
  • i.­11
  • 1.­92
  • 2.­40
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­43
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­45
  • 2.­46
  • 2.­47
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­1
  • 4.­131
  • 5.­95
  • 6.­86
  • 7.­8
  • 8.­39
  • 9.­10
  • 11.­24
  • c.­1
  • n.­5
g.­224

Sage

  • drang srong
  • དྲང་སྲོང་།
  • ṛṣi

A person, usually endowed with some superhuman powers; also a class of superhuman beings (in the latter meaning this term is used in its Sanskrit form).

61 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­14
  • 1.­41
  • 1.­51
  • 1.­56
  • 1.­57
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­57
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­29
  • 3.­48
  • 3.­77
  • 3.­99
  • 3.­105
  • 3.­107
  • 3.­109
  • 3.­120
  • 3.­122
  • 4.­11
  • 4.­13
  • 4.­16
  • 4.­25
  • 4.­41
  • 4.­54
  • 4.­74
  • 4.­75
  • 4.­76
  • 4.­77
  • 4.­78
  • 4.­81
  • 4.­82
  • 4.­118
  • 4.­119
  • 4.­120
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­132
  • 4.­145
  • 4.­146
  • 4.­148
  • 4.­152
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­7
  • 5.­55
  • 5.­60
  • 5.­73
  • 6.­8
  • 6.­10
  • 6.­32
  • 9.­8
  • 9.­9
  • 11.­16
  • 13.­9
  • 13.­10
  • 13.­12
  • c.­1
  • n.­213
  • n.­219
  • n.­246
  • g.­121
  • g.­135
  • g.­229

Links to further resources:

  • 23 related glossary entries
g.­225

Sahā world

  • mi mjed
  • མི་མཇེད།
  • Sahā

The great trichiliocosm in which we live.

15 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­49
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­117
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­14
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­84
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­5
  • 13.­1
  • 13.­2
  • n.­152

Links to further resources:

  • 57 related glossary entries
g.­226

Śakra

  • brgya byin
  • བརྒྱ་བྱིན།
  • śakra

Usually (when spelled with the capital letter) this is one of the names of Indra; in this case is denotes any of the ruling gods in the Realm of the Thirty-Three Gods.

18 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­55
  • 6.­59
  • 6.­60
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­21
  • g.­245

Links to further resources:

  • 107 related glossary entries
g.­227

Śakra

  • brgya byin
  • བརྒྱ་བྱིན།
  • Śakra

Another name of Indra, the chief god in the Realm of the Thirty-Three Gods.

12 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­108
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­74
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 7.­1
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­6
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­15
  • n.­429
  • g.­147

Links to further resources:

  • 107 related glossary entries
g.­229

Śākyamuni

  • shAkya thub pa
  • ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ།
  • Śākyamuni

“The sage of the Śākya clan,” an epithet of the Buddha.

79 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­2
  • i.­14
  • 2.­48
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­1
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­13
  • 5.­14
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­18
  • 5.­19
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­84
  • 5.­85
  • 5.­86
  • 5.­87
  • 5.­88
  • 5.­89
  • 5.­90
  • 5.­91
  • 5.­92
  • 5.­93
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­5
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­22
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­70
  • 6.­75
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 7.­1
  • 7.­2
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­13
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­21
  • 8.­22
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­8
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­2
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­12
  • 11.­16
  • 12.­1
  • 12.­15
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­17
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­12
  • n.­129
  • n.­378
  • g.­40
  • g.­54
  • g.­77
  • g.­122
  • g.­131
  • g.­223
  • g.­242
  • g.­243
  • g.­244
  • g.­250
  • g.­261
  • g.­263
  • g.­285
  • g.­293
  • g.­318

Links to further resources:

  • 52 related glossary entries
g.­231

Saṃjñika

  • yang dag shes
  • ཡང་དག་ཤེས།
  • Saṃjñika

One of the five yakṣa generals.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 12.­1
  • 12.­3

Links to further resources:

  • 2 related glossary entries
g.­232

Saṃsāra

  • ’khor ba
  • འཁོར་བ།
  • saṃsāra

Conditioned existence fraught with suffering.

33 passages contain this term:

  • i.­7
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­17
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­41
  • 1.­49
  • 1.­60
  • 1.­79
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­58
  • 3.­45
  • 3.­48
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­84
  • 4.­50
  • 4.­67
  • 4.­77
  • 5.­5
  • 5.­36
  • 5.­42
  • 5.­43
  • 5.­92
  • 6.­75
  • 10.­3
  • 10.­13
  • n.­42
  • n.­93
  • n.­428
  • g.­6
  • g.­56
  • g.­84
  • g.­96
  • g.­111

Links to further resources:

  • 30 related glossary entries
g.­233

Saṅgha

  • dge ’dun
  • དགེ་འདུན།
  • saṅgha

Congregation in a general sense; the Buddha’s congregation (one of the Three Jewels).

12 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­10
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­73
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­48
  • 5.­26
  • 6.­8
  • n.­17
  • g.­85
  • g.­274

Links to further resources:

  • 32 related glossary entries
g.­236

Śāriputra

  • shA ri’i bu
  • ཤཱ་རིའི་བུ།
  • Śāriputra

One of the main disciples of the Buddha.

17 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • 1.­34
  • 1.­36
  • 1.­37
  • 1.­53
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­36
  • 3.­39
  • 3.­40
  • 3.­73
  • n.­8
  • n.­34
  • n.­164
  • n.­177
  • g.­235
  • g.­286
  • g.­294

Links to further resources:

  • 63 related glossary entries
g.­251

Splendorous with the Gentle Glow of Light and Fragrance

  • ’od zhi spos snang dpal
  • འོད་ཞི་སྤོས་སྣང་དཔལ།
  • Jyotiḥ­saumya­gandhāvabhāsa­śrī

The name of a tathāgata.

15 passages contain this term:

  • h.­1
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­31
  • 2.­34
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­40
  • 2.­48
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­54
  • 2.­55
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­61
  • 2.­65
  • 2.­67
  • n.­129
g.­257

Śūdra

  • dmangs rigs
  • དམངས་རིགས།
  • śūdra

The laborer caste in the fourfold division of the society.

6 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­27
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­6
  • 12.­7
  • 12.­10

Links to further resources:

  • 12 related glossary entries
g.­259

Sumati

  • bzang po’i blo gros
  • བཟང་པོའི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • Sumati

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 7 related glossary entries
g.­274

Three Jewels

  • dkon mchog gsum
  • དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ།
  • triratna

The Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha‍—the three objects of Buddhist refuge.

26 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­59
  • 3.­62
  • 5.­33
  • 5.­79
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­29
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­37
  • 8.­1