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རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཏོག་གི་གཟུངས།

The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī
Chapter 10

Ratna­ketu­dhāraṇī
འཕགས་པ་འདུས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཏོག་གི་གཟུངས་ཤེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
’phags pa ’dus pa chen po rin po che tog gi gzungs shes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo
The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra “The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī” from the Great Collection
Ārya­mahā­sannipāta­ratna­ketu­dhāraṇī­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra
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Toh 138

Degé Kangyur, vol. 56 (mdo sde, na), folios 187.b–277.b

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2020
Current version v 1.0.19 (2022)
Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.17.7

84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.

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co.

Table of Contents

ti. Title
im. Imprint
co. Contents
s. Summary
ac. Acknowledgements
i. Introduction
tr. The Translation
+ 13 chapters- 13 chapters
h. Homage
1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 4
5. Chapter 5
6. Chapter 6
7. Chapter 7
8. Chapter 8
9. Chapter 9
10. Chapter 10
11. Chapter 11
12. Chapter 12
13. Chapter 13
c. Colophon
+ 1 section- 1 section
· Tibetan Translators’ Colophon
ab. Abbreviations
n. Notes
b. Bibliography
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· Primary literature (manuscripts and editions)
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· Sanskrit
· Tibetan
· Translations and secondary literature:
g. Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī is one of the core texts of the Mahāsannipāta collection of Mahāyāna sūtras that dates back to the formative period of Mahāyāna Buddhism, from the first to the third century ᴄᴇ. Its rich and varied narratives, probably redacted from at least two independent works, recount significant events from the lives, past and present, of the Buddha Śākyamuni and some of his main followers and opponents, both human and nonhuman. At the center of these narratives is the climactic episode from the Buddha’s life when Māra, the personification of spiritual death, sets out to destroy the Buddha and his Dharma. The mythic confrontation between these paragons of light and darkness, and the Buddha’s eventual victory, are related in vivid detail. The main narratives are interwoven with Dharma instructions and interspersed with miraculous events. The text also exemplifies two distinctive sūtra genres, “prophecies” (vyākaraṇa) and “incantations” (dhāraṇī), as it includes, respectively, prophecies of the future attainment of buddhahood by some of the Buddha’s followers and the potent phrases that embody the Buddha’s teachings and are meant to ensure their survival and the thriving of its practitioners.


ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

This translation was produced by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee under the supervision of Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche. Wiesiek Mical translated the extant parts from the Sanskrit and wrote the introduction. Timothy Hinkle compared the translation from the Sanskrit against the Tibetan translation and translated from the Tibetan the parts that are lost in the original Sanskrit.

The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.


ac.­2

The generous sponsorship of Twenty and family, which helped make the work on this translation possible, is gratefully acknowledged. They would like to dedicate their sponsorship to Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche.


i.

Introduction

i.­1

The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī presents the dramatic events in the life of the Buddha when Māra attempts to destroy the Buddha, break up the Saṅgha, and annihilate the Dharma, a struggle from which the Buddha eventually emerges victorious. This epic confrontation is told with tremendous verve and poignancy, and features characters, dialogue, and plot twists that rank among the best in Buddhist literature. The narrative starts with its own version of the well-known story of the conversion of two of the Buddha’s most prominent early disciples, Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana, and is soon embellished with quaint stories from the past lives of some of the characters, ranging from well-known buddha figures down to (at one time) ordinary human and nonhuman beings. The parts of the narrative that unfold on earth are centered around the city of Rājagṛha, the capital of Magadha. They provide some interesting insight into the everyday life of India at the time, with its division into secular and religious members of society, and vividly capture the experiences that Buddhist monks might have had when going on their daily alms-rounds in the city streets. This is interspersed with lively dialogue that is at once didactic and aesthetically captivating. Especially moving is the conversation that Māra has with his children, when the daughters try to console their distraught father, who bitterly despairs over the impending loss of his realm and the humiliation of seeing his minions, even his own children, desert him, with all the pathos of a broken old man and all the obduracy of a petulant child.


The Translation
The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra
The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī
from the Great Collection

h.

Homage

[F.187.b] [B1]10


h.­1

Homage to the thus-gone Splendorous with the Gentle Glow of Light and Fragrance!


h.­2

Homage to the one with the melodious voice of Mahābrahmā!


h.­3

Having paid homage to him, one should employ the dhāraṇī called unharmed by the assemblies of Māra. May I accomplish the following mantra:11

h.­4

Avāme avāme amvare amvare {TK4} parikuñja naṭa naṭa puṣkaravaha jalukha khama khaya ili mili kili mili kīrtipara mudre mudramukhe svāhā! {TK5}


1.

Chapter 1

1.­1

Thus did I hear at one time. The Blessed One was dwelling in Veṇuvana, at the Kalandakanivāpa, near the city of Rājagṛha, with a great saṅgha of a thousand monks, all of whom were noble ones. They had all exhausted defilements, were free from the afflictions, were powerful, had liberated minds, had liberated insight, were of noble birth, were great elephants,12 had done what needed to be done, had completed their mission, had cast off the burden, had achieved their own welfare, had severed the bonds that tied them to existence, had liberated their minds with genuine knowledge, and had perfected all mental powers. There was also a great saṅgha of ten thousand bodhisattvas, including [F.188.a] {TK6} the princely youth Holder of Meru’s Peak, the princely youth Varuṇamati, the princely youth Sumati, the princely youth Jayamati, the princely youth Jinamati, the princely youth Intelligent Light, the princely youth Intelligent Sky, the princely youth Intelligent Lightning, the princely youth Mañjuśrī, the princely youth Durdharṣa, the princely youth Varuṇa, the princely youth Vimala, the bodhisattva great being Maitreya, and others. Each of these ten thousand bodhisattvas had achieved acceptance, retention, and absorption. {TK7} Each possessed the wisdom that is unobscured by any phenomenon, had equal concern for all beings, had transcended all the domains of Māra, and had entered the domain of all the thus-gone ones. Each was knowledgeable, possessed great love and compassion, and was skilled in means.


2.

Chapter 2

2.­1

The daughters and sons of Māra, accompanied by their retinues, said to the Blessed One, “The extent to which the Thus-Gone One is endowed with means and wisdom is incredible! We seek, O Blessed One, the same sort of Dharma vehicle, wisdom, magical powers, compassion, means, and eloquence. What are the qualities, O Blessed One, that a person should have in order to not fall into the hands of evil companions, but instead swiftly realize unsurpassed and perfect awakening?”


3.

Chapter 3

3.­1

While the Ratnaketu dhāraṇī was being recited by the thus-gone Śākyamuni, the entire Sahā world became clearly visible, illuminated by a powerful light. The one hundred billion lords of sensual pleasure, each one a māra active in one of the one hundred billion worlds of four continents in this buddha field of Śākyamuni, became alarmed by this display of the Buddha’s power and directed their eyes toward this world of four continents. “Where is this light emanating from?” they wondered. “Surely this must be through the power of Māra, the evil one, who lives in that particular world of four continents. He is stronger, mightier, and more powerful than us.”


4.

Chapter 4

4.­1

When the four great hearers were, as described before, in the great city of Rājagṛha collecting alms, they were rudely accosted by the māra youths who urged them, “Dance, monk! Sing, monk!” When, subsequently, the great hearers, running along the street, sang their verses with lyrics that describe the path to nirvāṇa, this great earth trembled. At that moment many hundreds of thousands of gods, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kinnaras, and mahoragas, inspired with faith in the Blessed One’s instructions,215 said this, their faces awash with tears:


5.

Chapter 5

5.­1

The millions of māras then thought, “We should adorn the gates of the city through which the Blessed One is to enter, as well as the earth surrounding them, with sublime and magnificent ornaments in the same manner as the gods, nāgas, and yakṣas have adorned the surroundings of the city.”

5.­2

With his mind, however, the Blessed One knew the thoughts of the millions of māras,[F.227.a] and he manifested a miracle such that through the twelve gates of the city, twelve blessed buddhas entered the city of Rājagṛha. The millions of māras then, while hovering in the sky, adorned the city gates, the area around them, the city walls, its trees, and the surface of the earth with magical ornaments of the māra realm, as well as countless other magnificent miraculous manifestations set in the finest and most beautiful arrangements. Some of the millions of māras transformed into guises ranging from that of Brahmā to those of great sages. {TK131} From their perch in the sky, they placed various flowers, incense, scented powders, garlands, gold, silver, jewels, and pearls on the windows, ledges, and turrets of the mansions in the city, as well as in the trees. They also cast down a rain of cloth, cotton, linen, and ornaments, played many instruments, and venerated the Blessed One with songs of praise, extolling his qualities. The Blessed One then entered Rājagṛha’s city gates, adorned as they were with a supremely extensive and elevating display made in such a novel, incredible, and miraculous fashion.


6.

Chapter 6

6.­1

At that time the thus-gone Akṣobhya set out from the world in the east called Abhirati in the company of an infinite number of bodhisattva great beings. Through the power and mastery of miracles particular to a buddha, he arrived instantaneously in the buddha field that includes the central world with its four continents, where the thus-gone, worthy, perfect buddha Śākyamuni was staying. Having arrived, he sat upon a lotus seat that appeared just as needed. The bodhisattva great beings [F.237.a] from his retinue also sat upon lotus seats that appeared through their own magical power.


7.

Chapter 7

7.­1

At that time, a bodhisattva great being called Discriminating Intellect was seated before the blessed, thus-gone [F.250.a] Glorious and Brilliantly Shining Jewel, not far from the blessed, thus-gone Śākyamuni. For a short time he was in the guise of Brahmā, before instantaneously appearing in the form of Māra. He likewise briefly appeared in the forms of Śakra, as well as a lord of the gods in the heavens of Making Use of Others’ Emanations, Delighting in Emanations, Tuṣita, Free from Strife, and the Four Great Kings, as well as in the form of Maheśvara, and also as a yakṣa, an asura, a garuḍa, a kinnara, a mahoraga, a rākṣasa, a preta, a piśāca, a kumbhāṇḍa, a kṣatriya, a brahmin, a vaiśya, a śūdra, a lion, an elephant, a buffalo, and myriad other species of the animal realm. Instantaneously he appeared in the form of a bird, a tree, a mountain, fruit, clothing, bedding, heavy cloth, a vase, ornaments, jewelry, medicinal herbs, and a jewel. Instantaneously he also appeared in the form of a monk, a nun, and a buddha. Instantaneously he appeared in eighty-four different colors, characteristics, shapes, and forms.


8.

Chapter 8

8.­1

At that time, the thus-gone Akṣobhya addressed the entire assembly: “Noble children, all of you śakras, brahmās, world protectors, and lords of the gods, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kinnaras, mahoragas, and so forth, as well as human and nonhuman beings, who have arrived here out of faith in the buddhas’ teaching‍—I will uplift you! It is rare to find such a congregation of the blessed buddhas, bodhisattva great beings, śakras, [F.252.a] brahmās, world protectors, and lords of the gods, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, and so forth, as well as human and nonhuman beings! Therefore, now that you have seen this, may those of you who are happy to sustain this sacred Dharma‍—this Dharma method‍—and propagate the lineage of the Three Jewels in the future in this buddha field each make an aspiration before the Blessed One.” {TK204}


9.

Chapter 9

9.­1

The blessed, thus-gone Śākyamuni then said, “O all you [F.258.a] blessed buddhas who have come here to this buddha field motivated by compassion to engage in discussion, please give these beings your attention. These noble children will satisfy others with clothing, food, drink, medicine, and supplies. They will use the female form to mature others for unsurpassed and perfect awakening. From the moment they developed the mind of awakening in order to mature others, they have been dedicated to emanating and providing clothing, food, drink, medicine, and supplies to fulfill their hopes‍—no matter what, why, or how these things are desired. These sublime beings will enact this great power and be able to serve beings with what is enjoyable and useful.”


10.

Chapter 10

10.­1

The thus-gone Māndāravagandharoca then addressed the thus-gone Śākyamuni, saying, “In the past, previous thus-gone ones came from their disparate buddha fields and congregated in buddha fields that were afflicted and rife with the five degenerations. They excellently blessed this sacred Dharma method. They defeated billions of māras and gazed upon all beings with the eyes of great love and compassion. They freed them from evil views, lit the lamp of insight, and laid out the peaceful path. They delivered this Dharma discourse, this exposition of the dhāraṇī-seal, including its verbal formula, which is called the terminator of birth based on the essential nature of phenomena in their vajra-like indivisibility. Thus they defeated the black faction and planted the banner of the Dharma. In the same way, right now, so many of us blessed buddhas who live and spend our time in the ten directions have assembled in this buddha field filled with the afflictions and the five degenerations out of our concern for others. We have performed acts such as excellently blessing this Dharma method and so forth, as well as planting the banner of the Dharma. However, Śākyamuni, [F.260.a] after your sun has set, who will reign supreme in this buddha field? Who will uphold this sacred Dharma? {TK230} Who will nurture these Dharma methods? Who will bring beings to maturity? Who will be included in this great assembly? Into whose hands shall I entrust this Dharma discourse?”

10.­2

The thus-gone Śākyamuni answered the thus-gone Māndāravagandharoca, “You can entrust the Dharma discourse of this dhāraṇī-seal to the hands of anyone‍—whether bodhisattvas who have achieved acceptance, or śakras, brahmās, and world protectors, or lords of the gods, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kinnaras, and mahoragas, or anyone else‍—as long as they exert themselves in this Dharma method, live in these four central continents, and are clearly faithful toward this Dharma method. It does not matter if they are a śakra, brahmā, world protector, and so forth, including a lord of the mahoragas.”

10.­3

The thus-gone Māndāravagandharoca then let his unimpeded voice suffuse the entire buddha field, saying, “Friends, everyone who is gathered in this buddha field, please listen! It is incredibly rare that a thus-gone, worthy, perfect buddha comes to the world. But it is even more rare that all the blessed buddhas should gather together as one in a single buddha field. Now, however, all these buddhas have gathered out of concern for you, to care for all beings, to bless the methods of the sacred Dharma, {TK231} and to set out the unsurpassed path. {K147} [F.260.b]422 The entirety of the elements of earth, water, fire, wind, and space throughout the three times423 have been blessed in order to ensure that these methods of the sacred Dharma will continue for a long time, that the lineage of the Three Jewels will not be interrupted, that all beings will be brought to maturity, and so forth, and that the other shore of saṃsāra will be reached.”

10.­4

All the blessed buddhas who lived in that buddha field then spoke the following words of advice to the bodhisattva great beings, to the beings of great splendor‍—śakras, brahmās, other world protectors, and the lords of gods, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kinnaras, and mahoragas‍—and to the beings who inhabit the world with the four continents. They said, “To your hands especially, friends, we entrust this way of the sacred Dharma, having empowered it to bring all beings to maturity. You should keep this method of the sacred Dharma in mind, glorify it, and protect it,424 so that the sacred Dharma continues unbroken and does not disappear from this world too soon. {K148} We entrust to the hands of all of you, as is proper, all the noble sons and daughters who have faith, monks and nuns, male and female lay practitioners, all the persons who uphold the sacred Dharma, and those who uphold this Dharma discourse of the Great Collection . . . or write it down, so that you may protect them and care for them. You shall protect . . . and care for the Dharma teachers and students, persons who desire the Dharma and delight in meditation, {TK232} and those who uphold the sacred Dharma. [F.261.a] Why is this?

10.­5

“Whichever thus-gone, worthy, perfect buddhas were in this world in the past, all of these thus-gone ones, having congregated in the buddha field afflicted by the five degenerations, entrusted this Dharma method to the hands of all the protectors of the world, the śakras and the brahmās, so that it was protected and did not disappear, so that the persons who uphold the sacred Dharma were protected . . . and so that all beings could be brought to maturity.

10.­6

“In the same way, whatever blessed buddhas there will be in the future, throughout the ten directions, they too, having instantaneously assembled in the buddha field afflicted by the five degenerations, will recite the mantra words of this dhāraṇī for the benefit of beings and will consecrate this Dharma method. They will entrust it to the hands of the śakras, brahmās, and other world protectors, so that it is well protected.

10.­7

“In the same way, we also now entrust especially to your hands‍—śakras, brahmās, and other world protectors and the lords of gods, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kinnaras, and mahoragas who inhabit this buddha field and this world consisting of the four continents‍—this method of the sacred Dharma so that it is protected and brings beings to maturity. You should likewise {K149} keep it in your mind and glorify and protect it,425 so that it continues unbroken and does not disappear too soon.

10.­8

“You should protect, honor, and venerate all the noble sons and daughters who have faith‍—the persons who uphold the sacred Dharma, monks and nuns, and male [F.261.b] and female lay practitioners‍—who uphold this Dharma discourse of the Great Collection . . . or write it down and preserve it in the form of a book, as well as the Dharma teachers and students who practice meditation {TK233} and uphold the sacred Dharma. Why is this?

10.­9

“Because this Dharma discourse has been blessed by all the buddhas. In the hamlets, villages, towns, cities, district capitals, state capitals, inhabited forests, . . .426 or family houses where this Dharma discourse is disseminated, explained, taught, studied, or merely written down and preserved in the form of a book, the elixir of the Dharma will increase the potency of the earth and the vitality of beings.

10.­10

“By this means you will become full of vitality, energy, strength, diligence, and courage, and your retinues and palaces will thrive. Any king who rules over a populace will obtain protection, his royal might will increase, and his entire kingdom will be protected. Satisfied by this Dharma elixir, the kings of Jambudvīpa will become kindly disposed toward one another. Placing their faith in the ripening of action, they will develop minds full of good qualities; free from envy, benevolent, compassionate toward all beings . . . they will embrace correct views, and each will be content with his respective domain. {K150}

10.­11

“The whole of Jambudvīpa will prosper, filling up with inhabitants far and wide. It will abound in provisions and will be pleasant to inhabit. The earth will be populated with many people over vast areas and will be fecund, yielding juicy and sweet fruits, leaves, medicinal herbs, [F.262.a] {TK234} crops, and other treasures in abundance. It will afford a healthy and comfortable life. All the discord, quarrels, famine, disease, invasions by foreign powers, stinging insects, venomous snakes, troublesome yakṣas, rākṣasas, deer, birds, wolves, unseasonable rains, and storms will be pacified. Auspicious constellations, nights, days, months, fortnights, seasons, and years will rule.

10.­12

“The beings, for the most part, will conduct themselves according to the ten virtuous actions. After dying in this world, they will proceed to the blissful forms of existence in the heavens. They will form your retinue. This Dharma discourse of this dhāraṇī thus possesses many qualities and brings much benefit.

10.­13

“This Great Collection sūtra427 has been consecrated by all the buddhas so that beings may reach the far shore of saṃsāra.428 It will attract increasing and eventually great fame, and it will completely exhaust the action that causes one to experience the condition of being a woman in this life or in future lives. In short, {K151} even if the condition of a woman were experienced in one’s current birth, this already acquired female gender would be completely purified, except in the case of those who have committed any of the five acts of immediate retribution, opposed the sacred Dharma, or reviled a noble one. Whatever other unpleasant results could ripen because of actions committed with the body, speech, or mind, will all be completely purified.

10.­14

“If one merely writes down this Dharma discourse and preserves it in the form of a book, one’s obscurations that are due to action and afflictions, even if they are as enormous as Mount Meru, will dissipate completely. And all one’s roots of virtue‍—the bases of support‍—will grow until fully accomplished. One will be complete and perfect in every limb and [F.262.b] have all one’s wishes come true, and all the good that one does with one’s body, speech, {TK235} and mind will flourish. One will abandon all wrong views and defeat all of one’s enemies in accordance with the Dharma. One will engage in all actions that are peaceful and subtle. All this will occur through the power of this Dharma discourse‍—this Great Collection dhāraṇī‍—blessed by all the buddhas.

10.­15

“The earth in the realm where this Dharma discourse‍—the Great Collection dhāraṇī‍—spreads and proliferates will be most kind, full of vitality, and rich in juicy and sweet fruits. It will not produce anything sour, bitter, acerbic, or tasteless. It will abound in flowers and fruit, and the pots and jars in the granaries and storehouses will be brimful of grain and other crops. The beings who will live there will be amply provided with clothing, food, water, medicines, and tools. If they sustain themselves with this water and food, they will be completely free from disease and will be wealthy, beautiful, strong, astute, and intelligent. They will yearn for the Dharma and will delight in wholesome pursuits. They will give up evil ways.

10.­16

“After they die in this world, they will be reborn as your companions.429 {K152} With your retinues enhanced by all this, you, powerful with your invincible armies, will protect humankind with its four castes, your strength fueled by the Dharma. You will engage beings in the pursuit of the Dharma, worshiping in this way all the blessed buddhas of the three times.”

10.­17

At this point, the thus-gone Māndāravagandharoca, filling the entire buddha field with the pure sound [F.263.a] of his special wisdom-voice of a buddha that so aptly conveys the meaning of words, {TK236} exhorted all the bodhisattva great beings, the lords of the śakras, the lords of the brahmās, . . . and the lords of mahoragas who dwell in this buddha field and this world sphere consisting of the four continents, to preserve, teach, and protect the Dharma methods taught in this Great Collection sūtra, thus following the instructions of all the buddhas.

10.­18

In response, all of the ninety-seven tens of thousands of millions of bodhisattva great beings who dwell in this buddha field and have attained acceptance, led by Maitreya, spoke with a single voice: “We also, following the instructions of all the buddhas, accept, as is proper, our responsibility with regard to this Dharma discourse that has been commended by our supreme guides, as the way to worship the thus-gone ones of the three times and out of respect for our teachers. Acting out of compassion we will, in order to bring beings to maturity . . . and to establish them on the unsurpassable path, glorify this Dharma discourse far and wide‍—in villages, towns, cities, countries, state capitals, and inhabited forests. We will bring beings to full maturity so that the sacred Dharma continues for a long time.”

All the blessed buddhas in this buddha field applauded, saying, “Good! Good it is, O good people, that you will do this!” {K153}

10.­19

And the lords of śakras, brahmās, mahoragas, and other beings who were in this buddha field‍—sixty-four million billion beings of great splendor and majesty‍—all said with one voice, “To ensure that the sacred Dharma continues for a long time, we will also uphold, . . . [F.263.b] {TK237} teach in full, and glorify this Dharma discourse‍—the Great Collection dhāraṇī. We will bring beings to full maturity. We will protect and take care of the Dharma students who uphold the sacred Dharma. Wherever this Dharma discourse is practiced, there we will, following the instructions of all the buddhas, pacify all discord, quarrels, wars, famine, disease, invasions by foreign powers, unseasonable cold and hot spells, storms, torrential rains, hurricanes, and anything that tastes foul, unpleasant, sour, bitter, or is tasteless. We will bring about every type of comfort and pleasure and ensure there is an abundance of provisions of every kind. We will make every effort to ensure that the methods of the sacred Dharma continue for a long time. Furthermore, we will protect righteous kings and take care of those who delight in meditation.”

10.­20

All the blessed buddhas applauded them, saying, “Good! Good it is, O good people, that you will do this! You should exert yourselves for the sake of yourselves as well as others. In this way you will venerate the blessed buddhas of the three times. If you make an effort to bring beings to maturity, to glorify this Dharma method, and to make the sacred Dharma continue for a long time, you will swiftly awaken fully and completely to unsurpassed and perfect buddhahood.”

10.­21

Now all the lords of śakras, brahmās,430 gods,431 and mahoragas [F.264.a] who live in the central universe consisting of the four continents‍—all of them of great splendor‍—rose {K154} from their seats and, standing with folded hands, said, {TK238} “We, too, following the instructions of all the blessed buddhas, will protect this Dharma method and glorify432 it. We accept, as is proper, our responsibility with regard to this Great Collection sūtra that has been blessed by all the buddhas‍—this dhāraṇī-seal‍—this Dharma discourse . . . and will teach it in full in villages, towns, cities, countries, state capitals, and inhabited forests. We will care for and protect those who uphold the sacred Dharma. As for those who are established in the practice of the Dharma‍—Dharma teachers and students, monks and nuns, male and female lay practitioners, and other noble sons and daughters who have faith, delight in meditation, uphold this Dharma discourse, . . . or write it down and preserve it in the form of a book‍—we will protect, care for, respect, revere, honor, and worship all of them. We will respectfully present them with robes, parasols, banners, flags, scented oils, . . . and all kinds of medicines and utensils.

10.­22

“And while this Dharma discourse is being taught and elucidated, we will attend to it to hear it for ourselves. Recognizing it as the supreme teacher, we will respect, revere, honor, and worship this Dharma discourse with parasols, banners, and flags. Why is this? It is because while this Dharma discourse on the dhāraṇī-seal that has been blessed by all the buddhas is being taught, we will be energized by the elixir of the Dharma. Strong, [F.264.b] diligent, mindful, and surrounded by supporters, we will become an invincible army. In this way, {K155} we will quell, in every realm, all discord, quarrels, {TK239} wars, disputes, famine, disease, invasions by foreign powers, unseasonable storms, torrential rains, cold and hot spells, droughts, bad dreams, and bad omens; all the foul, unpleasant, sour, bitter, acerbic, or insipid tastes; and all immoral predilections.

10.­23

“Moreover, we will provide for every possible comfort, the abundance of provisions and food, enjoyments, and freedom from disease. We will set in motion433 timely winds, rains, cool and hot weather, and an abundance of water.434 We will set in motion auspicious constellations, nights, days, months, fortnights, seasons, and years. We will fill the rivers, lakes, ponds, and lotus ponds.435 In places where beings are troubled by floods, we will stop this calamity. Furthermore, in such places of trouble‍—villages, towns, cities, and countries‍—we will procure for the benefit of beings leaves, branches, flowers, fruits, bulbs, grain, herbs, and other crops436‍—all of them plentiful, of prime quality and pleasant appearance, juicy, succulent, and tasty. We will also provision beings with wealth, crops, medicines, clothing, and ornaments, without leaving anything lacking.

10.­24

“We will ensure the longevity that arises from glory and merit437 for those beings who engage in wholesome pursuits and will spurn evil ones.438 In the houses, towns, cities, countries, [F.265.a] or capital cities where this Dharma discourse on dhāraṇī-seals, blessed by all the buddhas, {TK240} is taught in its entirety, written down {K156} and preserved in book form, recited, worshiped, and treated with respect, any head-anointed kṣatriya kings who are living in these places will be protected and cared for by us. We will dispel anything that is harmful to them, and we will procure for them anything that is salutary. We will quell all idle curiosity,439 inauspiciousness, wrong views, wrong actions, wrong authority, wrong aspirations, wrong refuge, hypocrisy, garrulousness, treachery, deceit, lies, envy, anger, and resentment. We will establish them on the straight path of correct views and inspire them to adhere to faith, self-control, self-restraint, conscientiousness, and decorum.

10.­25

“In the same way, we will protect, care for, . . . and inspire conscientiousness and decorum in the chief queens, concubines, ministers, and accountants, in the prominent people in the towns and the country, in the four castes, and in women, men, sons, and daughters. We will also, in the same places, give complete protection to all the animals. Wherever this Dharma discourse is explained . . . and written down and preserved in the form of a book, we will thus care for the beings there with great effort and courage. We will strive to glorify this Dharma method and stop it from disappearing.”440

10.­26

All the blessed buddhas applauded these sublime beings, saying, “Good! Good it is, sublime beings, that you will do that, [F.265.b] and that you will strive to prevent this Dharma method and the lineage of the Three Jewels {TK241} from disappearing. In this way you {K157} will worship the blessed buddhas of the three times.”

10.­27

This concludes the tenth chapter of the “Ratnaketu Sūtra,” about protection. {K158} {TK242}


11.

Chapter 11

11.­1

Now the blessed, thus-gone Śākyamuni addressed Śakra, Brahmā, Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Kubera:

“O sublime beings, I have fully realized unsurpassed and perfect awakening in this buddha field, which is afflicted by the five degenerations and lacking in Dharma, through my compassionate dedication to sentient beings. In order to quell the pain of beings441 thrown into the darkness of ignorance and overwhelmed by the thieves and rogues of the afflictions,442 I have conquered the faction of Māra, raised the banner of the sacred Dharma, delivered countless beings from suffering, rained showers of the sacred Dharma, and defeated ten million māras.


12.

Chapter 12

12.­1

The great general of the yakṣas, [F.271.b] Āṭavaka, in the form of the yakṣa Bhīṣaṇaka, and Saṃjñika in the form of a deer, Jñānolka in the form of a monkey, Tṛṣṇājaha in the form of a jackal,455 and Chinnasrotas in the form of an elephant‍—these five great beings‍—were sitting not too far from the thus-gone Śākyamuni and in front of the thus-gone Kauṇḍiṇyārcis. From each of their bodies a pure light radiated, suffused with fragrance. Each of these five great beings was holding in his hands a great precious gem called Starlight for the sake of worshipping the Blessed One.456


13.

Chapter 13

13.­1

At this time, all the blessed buddhas displayed the signs of rising and returning472 to their respective buddha fields. At the same moment, the beings of this entire assembly, who were on earth as well as in the sky, shuddered, and so did the entire earth. A rain of flowers poured from the sky, millions of instruments resounded in midair, and all kinds of fragrances of perfume and incense were released. As the entire buddha field filled with light, those in the assembly pressed their hands together. Then Brahmā, lord of the Sahā world, asked the thus-gone Mahācandanagandha, “How many roots of virtue, O Blessed One, will those beings accumulate who in the future uphold and preserve this Dharma discourse‍—who read it, master it, and teach it authentically and extensively to others? How many roots of virtue will those beings accumulate who set it down in writing and uphold it in writing?473 What qualities will they be rewarded with by the blessed buddhas?”


c.

Colophon

c.­1
Because of the special merit that I have accumulated when refining, with all my devotion, care, and a joyous mind,
The text of this Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī‍—the dhāraṇī that removes great fear‍—
May this entire world obtain in this very moment this Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī
Adorned with words of the Sage’s doctrine, clear in meaning, and resplendent with great qualities!

Tibetan Translators’ Colophon

c.­2

This sūtra was translated by the Indian preceptor Śilendrabodhi and the translator-editor Yeshé Dé. It was later standardized in line with the new terminological register.


ab.

Abbreviations

D Tibetan Degé edition
G Gilgit manuscript
K Kurumiya 1978 (page numbers entered in braces, e.g. {K26} denotes page 26)
TK Kurumiya 1979 (page numbers entered in braces, e.g. {TK26} denotes page 26)

n.

Notes

n.­1
Braarvig 1993.
n.­2
Kurumiya 1978.
n.­3
Denkarma, folio 297.a.4. See also Herrmann-Pfandt (2008), p. 52, no. 91.
n.­4
Phangthangma, p. 7 (with abbreviated title ’phags pa rin po che’i tog).
n.­5
Interestingly, the catalog of the Narthang Kangyur records the tradition that The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī was first translated into Tibetan by Tönmi Sambhoṭa (thon mi sam+b+ho Ta), the legendary seventh century minister and scholar credited with the development of the Tibetan alphabet during the reign of King Songtsen Gampo (ca. 617–650). See Narthang Catalog, folio 14.a.1, and Skilling 1997, p. 89.
n.­6
Lamotte 2001, pp. 1541–42.
n.­7
This information is based on a private communiqué from Peter Skilling, who does not recall seeing the feminine form vyākaraṇī in any other sūtra.
n.­8
Toh 1-1, 1.233 et seq.; see translation in Miller et al. (2018). The Chapter on Going Forth contains a much longer and more detailed account of the story of Upatiṣya and Kaulita (Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana), but the culmination of their story in their encounter with Aśvajit and meeting with the Buddha is related in the present text with a little more detail, including some verses of which the Vinayavastu account has much briefer equivalents. The main additional element in the story in the present version‍—the advent of Māra following that meeting with Aśvajit‍—is of course the narrative theme that ties together all the component parts of The Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī.
n.­10
The following section, up to “I must make them embrace the view of the evil one” at 1.­19, has been translated entirely from the Tib., filling a lengthy lacuna in the Skt. text.
n.­11
Because of their magical character, uncertain readings, and the extent of corruption, the Sanskrit dhāraṇī formulae in this text would be impossible to translate in full. Although some individual words and phrases are intelligible, it would be risky to attempt a coherent translation‍—the alliterations (which possibly are part of the magic), for example, would be impossible to replicate in English. These dhāraṇīs have therefore been quoted throughout the translation in the original Sanskrit, with some editorial emendments that affect mainly word divisions and orthography. These emendments by no means make the Sanskrit text correct or even consistent, and have not been reported in the critical apparatus.
n.­12
The Buddha and his hearer disciples are often compared to elephants or “great elephants” (mahānāga).
n.­215
“Instructions” is not in the Tib.
n.­422
Translation fom the Skt. resumes here.
n.­423
“Throughout the three times” has been supplied from the Tib.
n.­424
“And protect it” is absent from the Tib.
n.­425
“And protect it” has been supplied from the Tib.
n.­426
In the Tib. this list is “hamlets, villages, towns, cities, states, mountain cliffs, royal cities, isolated places . . .”
n.­427
Reference is here made to this text‍—the Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī‍—one of the Mahāsannipāta sūtras. This reference occurs several times throughout this chapter.
n.­428
“Saṃsāra” has been supplied from the Tib.; the Skt. reads “formation.”
n.­429
I.e., will be reborn in the realms of Śakra or Brahmā. In place of “as your companions,” the Tib. reads “equal in fortune to you.”
n.­430
The Tib. adds “world protectors” after “brahmās. The Chinese, though, supports the Skt.
n.­431
The Tib. indicates that the list was abbreviated at this point; the full list should include the lords of the remaining classes of nonhuman beings: gods, nāgas, and so forth.
n.­432
In place of “protect . . . and glorify,” the Tib. reads, “teach, care for, and protect.”
n.­433
Skt. āvāhayiṣtāmaḥ (“we will cause to move/drive”); Tib. rgyu bar bgyi (“set in motion”).
n.­434
“An abundance of water” (augha) is missing from the Tib.
n.­435
The Tib. reads “waterfalls, springs, lakes, and ponds.”
n.­436
“And [other] crops” is missing from the Tib.
n.­437
“We will ensure the longevity that arises from glory and merit” has been supplied from the Tib. (Skt. lacuna).
n.­438
“And will spurn evil ones” has been supplied from the Tib. (Skt. lacuna).
n.­439
“Idle curiosity” is the translation of the Skt. kautuka, which is rendered into the Tib. as “entertainment.” Here it probably means chasing after anything that arouses curiosity or is amusing, but not necessarily beneficial.
n.­440
The Tib. reads, “We will strive for infinite eons to ensure that this Dharma method is taught authentically.”
n.­441
“In order to quell the pain of beings” has been supplied from the Tib. (Skt. lacuna).
n.­442
“Overwhelmed by the thieves and rogues of the afflictions” has been supplied from the Tib. (Skt. lacuna).
n.­455
In place of “jackal,” the Tib. reads “goat.”
n.­456
In place of “Starlight,” the Tib. reads “Firelight.”
n.­472
The reading “returning” was obtained by emending the Skt. gagana to gamana (supported by the Tib. and the Chinese).
n.­473
The passage from “who read it . . .” up to this point has been supplied from the Tib.; it is absent in the Skt. text.

b.

Bibliography

Primary literature (manuscripts and editions)

Sanskrit

Dutt, Nalinaksha, ed. Gilgit Manuscripts. Vols. 1–4. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1984.

Kurumiya, Yenshu, ed. Ratnaketuparivarta: Sanskrit Text. Kyoto: Heirakuji-shoten, 1978.

Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī‍—the Gilgit manuscript. National Archives of India, New Delhi.

Tibetan

’phags pa ’dus pa rin po che tog gi gzungs shes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. Toh 138, Degé Kangyur vol. 56 (mdo sde, na), folios 187.b–277.b.

’phags pa ’dus pa rin po che tog gi gzungs shes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–9, vol. 56, pp. 509–734.

Kurumiya, Yenshu, ed. ’Dus Pa Chen Po Rin Po Che Tog Gi Gzungs, ’Dus Pa Chen Po Dkon Mchog Dbal Zes Bya Ba’i Gzungs: being the Tibetan translation of the Ratnaketu Parivarta. Kyoto: Heirakuji-shoten, 1979.

Denkarma (pho brang stod thang ldan[/lhan] dkar gyi chos ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Degé Tengyur vol. 206 (sna tshogs, jo), folios 294.b–310.a.

Narthang Catalog (bka’ ’gyur dkar chag ngo mtshar bkod pa rgya mtsho’i lde mig). Narthang Kangyur vol. 102 (dkar chag), folios 1.a–124.a.

Phangthangma (dkar chag ’phang thang ma). Beijing: mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 2003.

Translations and secondary literature:

Braarvig, Jens (1993). Akṣaya­mati­nirdeśa­sūtra. Vol. 2, The Tradition of Imperishability in Buddhist Thought. Oslo: Solum Verlag, 1993.

‍—‍—‍—(1985). “Dhāraṇī and Pratibhāna: Memory and Eloquence of the Bodhisattvas.” The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 8, no. 1: 17–29. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1985.

Herrmann-Pfandt, Adelheid. Die lHan kar ma: ein früher Katalog der ins Tibetische übersetzten buddhistischen Texte. Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008.

Lamotte, Étienne. The Treatise of the Great Virtue of Wisdom of Nāgārjuna (Mahā­prajñā­pāramitā­śāstra). Translated from the French by Karma Migme Chodron, 2001.

Mak, Bill M. “Ratnaketu-parivarta, Sūryagarbha-parivarta, and Candragarbha-parivarta of Mahā­sannipāta­sūtra (MSN): Indian Jyotiṣa through the lens of Chinese Buddhist Canon.” Paper presented at the World Sanskrit Conference, New Delhi, January 8, 2012.

Miller, Adam Tyler. “The Buddha Said That Buddha Said So: A Translation and Analysis of ‘Pūrvayogaparivarta’ from the Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī Sūtra.” MA thesis. University of Missouri-Columbia, 2013.

Miller, Robert, et al., trans. The Chapter on Going Forth (Pravrajyāvastu, Toh 1-1). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2018.

Negi, J. S. Bod skad daṅ Legs-sbyar gyi tshig mdzod chen mo. Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary. Sarnath: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, 1993.

Skilling, Peter. “From bKa’ bstan bcos to bKa’ ’gyur and bsTan ’gyur.” In Transmission of the Tibetan Canon: Papers Presented at a Panel of the 7th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995, edited by Helmut Eimer, 87–111. Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1997.

Ui, Hakuju. A catalogue-index of the Tibetan Buddhist canons (Bkaḥ-ḥgyur and Bstan-ḥgyur). Sendai: Tōhoku Imperial University, 1934.


g.

Glossary

g.­1

Abhirati

  • mngon par dga’ ba
  • མངོན་པར་དགའ་བ།
  • Abhirati

The celestial realm of the tathāgata Akṣobhya in the east.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 6.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 17 related glossary entries
g.­2

Absorption

  • ting nge ’dzin
  • ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན།
  • samādhi

Stabilized meditative concentration.

28 passages contain this term:

  • i.­8
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­52
  • 1.­55
  • 1.­73
  • 2.­27
  • 4.­65
  • 4.­74
  • 4.­117
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­147
  • 4.­151
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­63
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­20
  • 6.­33
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­6
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­2
  • 11.­16
  • 13.­3
  • g.­79
  • g.­163
  • g.­216

Links to further resources:

  • 76 related glossary entries
g.­3

Acceptance

  • bzod pa
  • བཟོད་པ།
  • kṣānti

Intellectual and spiritual readiness to accept certain tenets, such as the nonarising of phenomena or the law of karma. Also translated here as “patience.”

32 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 2.­12
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­28
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­89
  • 3.­91
  • 4.­64
  • 4.­71
  • 4.­77
  • 4.­143
  • 5.­34
  • 5.­35
  • 5.­49
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­79
  • 6.­13
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­24
  • 6.­33
  • 6.­38
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­18
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­20
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­13
  • n.­453
  • n.­479
  • g.­193

Links to further resources:

  • 37 related glossary entries
g.­6

Afflictions

  • nyon mongs
  • ཉོན་མོངས།
  • kleśa

Mental and emotional traits that bind one to saṃsāra; the fundamental three are ignorance, desire, and anger. When the term refers to the fundamental three, it tends to be translated as “the afflictions.”

44 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­8
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­14
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­16
  • 1.­17
  • 1.­41
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­44
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­88
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­13
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­41
  • 4.­66
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­91
  • 4.­134
  • 4.­138
  • 5.­32
  • 5.­54
  • 5.­78
  • 6.­13
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­70
  • 6.­73
  • 8.­29
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­14
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­17
  • 13.­4
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­15
  • n.­367
  • n.­442
  • g.­87
  • g.­96
  • g.­189

Links to further resources:

  • 60 related glossary entries
g.­12

Akṣobhya

  • mi ’khrugs pa
  • མི་འཁྲུགས་པ།
  • Akṣobhya

In the Ratnaketudhāraṇī, he is one of the six “directional” tathāgatas.

5 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­2
  • 8.­1
  • 13.­13
  • g.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 35 related glossary entries
g.­20

Asura

  • lha ma yin
  • ལྷ་མ་ཡིན།
  • asura

A class of titans or demigods.

35 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­74
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 13.­16
  • n.­123
  • n.­150
  • n.­216
  • n.­380

Links to further resources:

  • 106 related glossary entries
g.­23

Āṭavaka

  • ’brog gnas
  • འབྲོག་གནས།
  • Āṭavaka

One of the five yakṣa generals.

11 passages contain this term:

  • i.­12
  • 12.­1
  • 12.­2
  • 12.­3
  • 12.­8
  • 12.­14
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­17
  • 12.­21
  • 12.­22
  • n.­467

Links to further resources:

  • 5 related glossary entries
g.­24

Awakening

  • byang chub
  • བྱང་ཆུབ།
  • bodhi

I.e., awakening to the reality of phenomena (inner and outer) as they actually are.

112 passages contain this term:

  • i.­6
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­73
  • 1.­83
  • 1.­84
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­8
  • 2.­13
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­15
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­17
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­19
  • 2.­20
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­47
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­59
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­61
  • 2.­62
  • 2.­63
  • 2.­64
  • 2.­66
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­66
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­69
  • 3.­95
  • 4.­8
  • 4.­28
  • 4.­35
  • 4.­55
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­126
  • 4.­127
  • 4.­134
  • 4.­136
  • 4.­142
  • 4.­143
  • 4.­148
  • 4.­151
  • 5.­5
  • 5.­6
  • 5.­8
  • 5.­9
  • 5.­13
  • 5.­26
  • 5.­29
  • 5.­30
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­67
  • 5.­76
  • 5.­79
  • 6.­17
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­25
  • 6.­39
  • 6.­41
  • 6.­42
  • 6.­72
  • 6.­75
  • 6.­76
  • 6.­77
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­6
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­14
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­20
  • 8.­27
  • 8.­31
  • 8.­36
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­6
  • 9.­9
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­14
  • 11.­15
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­22
  • 11.­23
  • 12.­3
  • 12.­4
  • 12.­5
  • 12.­6
  • 12.­7
  • 12.­13
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­5
  • n.­101
  • n.­145
  • n.­170
  • n.­193
  • n.­356
  • n.­393
  • g.­68
  • g.­78
  • g.­83
  • g.­163
  • g.­181
  • g.­202
  • g.­280

Links to further resources:

  • 9 related glossary entries
g.­29

Bhīṣaṇaka

  • ’jigs ’jigs
  • འཇིགས་འཇིགས།
  • Bhīṣaṇaka

One of the five yakṣa generals.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 12.­1
g.­31

Black faction

  • nag po’i phyogs
  • ནག་པོའི་ཕྱོགས།
  • kṛṣṇapakṣa

The army, divisions, or factions of Māra, the deity who personifies spiritual death; from Māra’s point of view, this is the “white faction.” Also refers to the dark fortnight of the lunar month.

6 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­6
  • 6.­11
  • 10.­1
  • 12.­16
  • 13.­2
  • g.­320

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­32

Blessed one

  • bcom ldan ’das
  • བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
  • bhagavat

A title used for the Buddha and other tathāgatas.

255 passages contain this term:

  • i.­2
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­10
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­25
  • 1.­26
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­30
  • 1.­31
  • 1.­33
  • 1.­34
  • 1.­36
  • 1.­37
  • 1.­39
  • 1.­40
  • 1.­42
  • 1.­46
  • 1.­48
  • 1.­52
  • 1.­53
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­55
  • 1.­57
  • 1.­58
  • 1.­59
  • 1.­62
  • 1.­73
  • 1.­74
  • 1.­75
  • 1.­86
  • 1.­87
  • 1.­88
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­12
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­15
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­28
  • 2.­29
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­31
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­38
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­48
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­34
  • 3.­108
  • 3.­109
  • 3.­121
  • 3.­123
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­4
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­11
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­15
  • 4.­16
  • 4.­17
  • 4.­19
  • 4.­20
  • 4.­21
  • 4.­25
  • 4.­29
  • 4.­36
  • 4.­37
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­46
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­58
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­71
  • 4.­72
  • 4.­73
  • 4.­74
  • 4.­75
  • 4.­78
  • 4.­81
  • 4.­82
  • 4.­115
  • 4.­118
  • 4.­121
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­132
  • 4.­145
  • 4.­146
  • 4.­147
  • 4.­150
  • 4.­151
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­10
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­19
  • 5.­20
  • 5.­21
  • 5.­23
  • 5.­24
  • 5.­38
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­51
  • 5.­54
  • 5.­58
  • 5.­59
  • 5.­60
  • 5.­61
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­80
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­84
  • 5.­85
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­7
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­20
  • 6.­21
  • 6.­22
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­36
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­51
  • 6.­52
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­54
  • 6.­55
  • 6.­58
  • 6.­60
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­71
  • 6.­72
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­75
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­81
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­83
  • 6.­84
  • 6.­85
  • 7.­1
  • 7.­2
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­5
  • 7.­6
  • 7.­7
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­2
  • 8.­3
  • 8.­4
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­6
  • 8.­7
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­19
  • 8.­20
  • 8.­24
  • 8.­26
  • 8.­28
  • 8.­30
  • 8.­32
  • 8.­34
  • 8.­38
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­2
  • 9.­5
  • 9.­6
  • 9.­7
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­3
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­9
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­16
  • 10.­18
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­22
  • 10.­24
  • 10.­26
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­6
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­12
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­15
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­20
  • 12.­1
  • 12.­2
  • 12.­14
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­19
  • 12.­21
  • 13.­1
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­4
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­6
  • 13.­7
  • 13.­12
  • 13.­15
  • 13.­16
  • n.­75
  • n.­76
  • n.­119
  • n.­243
  • n.­291
  • n.­378
  • n.­461
  • n.­483

Links to further resources:

  • 116 related glossary entries
g.­36

Bodhisattva

  • byang chub sems dpa’
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ།
  • bodhisattva

A practitioner who, motivated by altruistic feelings, vows not to enter nirvāṇa until each and every being has been liberated first.

161 passages contain this term:

  • i.­6
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­52
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­17
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­20
  • 2.­22
  • 2.­25
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­28
  • 2.­34
  • 2.­66
  • 4.­68
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­150
  • 4.­151
  • 5.­10
  • 5.­11
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­13
  • 5.­14
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­39
  • 5.­51
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­84
  • 5.­85
  • 5.­94
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­5
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­9
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­33
  • 6.­35
  • 6.­39
  • 6.­44
  • 6.­45
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­60
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­63
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­75
  • 7.­1
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­6
  • 7.­7
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­22
  • 8.­24
  • 8.­26
  • 8.­28
  • 8.­30
  • 8.­32
  • 8.­34
  • 8.­36
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­5
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­18
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­12
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­15
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­20
  • 11.­21
  • 11.­22
  • 12.­2
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­4
  • 13.­7
  • n.­107
  • n.­109
  • n.­148
  • n.­323
  • n.­348
  • n.­389
  • n.­453
  • g.­4
  • g.­11
  • g.­18
  • g.­34
  • g.­54
  • g.­59
  • g.­68
  • g.­69
  • g.­71
  • g.­73
  • g.­77
  • g.­82
  • g.­112
  • g.­117
  • g.­118
  • g.­120
  • g.­122
  • g.­124
  • g.­125
  • g.­126
  • g.­129
  • g.­130
  • g.­148
  • g.­161
  • g.­164
  • g.­165
  • g.­173
  • g.­177
  • g.­191
  • g.­194
  • g.­200
  • g.­206
  • g.­216
  • g.­217
  • g.­223
  • g.­243
  • g.­248
  • g.­259
  • g.­261
  • g.­262
  • g.­263
  • g.­264
  • g.­270
  • g.­281
  • g.­287
  • g.­292
  • g.­293
  • g.­299
  • g.­303
  • g.­304
  • g.­305
  • g.­308
  • g.­311
  • g.­312
  • g.­319

Links to further resources:

  • 33 related glossary entries
g.­37

Brahmā

  • tshangs pa
  • ཚངས་པ།
  • brahmā

A god from any of the realms of Brahmā.

22 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­3
  • 6.­55
  • 6.­59
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­63
  • 6.­66
  • 6.­67
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­21
  • n.­430

Links to further resources:

  • 125 related glossary entries
g.­38

Brahmā

  • tshangs pa
  • ཚངས་པ།
  • Brahmā

One of the trinity of Hindu gods, a protagonist and ally of the Buddha; when spelled with the lower case, it denotes any god from the multiple worlds of Brahmā.

24 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­40
  • 1.­74
  • 2.­20
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­58
  • 4.­74
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 7.­1
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­6
  • 13.­1
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­15
  • n.­429
  • g.­37
  • g.­114
  • g.­168

Links to further resources:

  • 125 related glossary entries
g.­40

Buddha

  • sangs rgyas
  • སངས་རྒྱས།
  • buddha

A fully awakened being; when spelled with a capital letter it refers to the Buddha Śākyamuni, one of the Three Jewels.

329 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • i.­5
  • i.­6
  • i.­7
  • i.­8
  • i.­9
  • i.­10
  • i.­14
  • i.­15
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­10
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­25
  • 1.­56
  • 1.­63
  • 1.­73
  • 1.­74
  • 1.­85
  • 1.­86
  • 1.­87
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­43
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­62
  • 2.­67
  • 2.­69
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­34
  • 3.­48
  • 3.­73
  • 3.­75
  • 3.­76
  • 3.­102
  • 3.­104
  • 3.­106
  • 3.­107
  • 3.­115
  • 3.­117
  • 3.­121
  • 3.­123
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­23
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­38
  • 4.­42
  • 4.­48
  • 4.­64
  • 4.­66
  • 4.­68
  • 4.­69
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­74
  • 4.­124
  • 4.­130
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­135
  • 4.­136
  • 4.­137
  • 4.­140
  • 4.­141
  • 4.­142
  • 4.­144
  • 4.­146
  • 4.­147
  • 4.­149
  • 4.­150
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­9
  • 5.­11
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­13
  • 5.­14
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­24
  • 5.­26
  • 5.­34
  • 5.­41
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­55
  • 5.­72
  • 5.­73
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­80
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­84
  • 5.­85
  • 5.­90
  • 5.­93
  • 5.­95
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­5
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­7
  • 6.­9
  • 6.­10
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­20
  • 6.­21
  • 6.­22
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­29
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­34
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­51
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­54
  • 6.­58
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­63
  • 6.­67
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­70
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­75
  • 6.­76
  • 6.­77
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­81
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­83
  • 6.­84
  • 6.­85
  • 7.­1
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­5
  • 7.­6
  • 7.­7
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­2
  • 8.­3
  • 8.­4
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­6
  • 8.­7
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­15
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­18
  • 8.­19
  • 8.­20
  • 8.­33
  • 8.­35
  • 8.­38
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­2
  • 9.­5
  • 9.­6
  • 9.­7
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­3
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­9
  • 10.­13
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­16
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­18
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­22
  • 10.­24
  • 10.­26
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­12
  • 11.­14
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­17
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­20
  • 11.­21
  • 11.­22
  • 12.­2
  • 12.­3
  • 12.­10
  • 12.­14
  • 12.­15
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­17
  • 12.­21
  • 13.­1
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­4
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­6
  • 13.­7
  • 13.­11
  • 13.­15
  • n.­8
  • n.­12
  • n.­13
  • n.­16
  • n.­17
  • n.­65
  • n.­70
  • n.­75
  • n.­76
  • n.­129
  • n.­144
  • n.­149
  • n.­258
  • n.­290
  • n.­295
  • n.­333
  • n.­365
  • n.­378
  • n.­389
  • n.­391
  • n.­483
  • n.­486
  • g.­4
  • g.­11
  • g.­14
  • g.­18
  • g.­21
  • g.­32
  • g.­33
  • g.­34
  • g.­38
  • g.­44
  • g.­57
  • g.­59
  • g.­62
  • g.­68
  • g.­69
  • g.­71
  • g.­73
  • g.­74
  • g.­78
  • g.­82
  • g.­85
  • g.­105
  • g.­113
  • g.­116
  • g.­117
  • g.­118
  • g.­120
  • g.­121
  • g.­124
  • g.­125
  • g.­126
  • g.­129
  • g.­130
  • g.­131
  • g.­137
  • g.­139
  • g.­140
  • g.­142
  • g.­148
  • g.­150
  • g.­152
  • g.­161
  • g.­162
  • g.­164
  • g.­165
  • g.­173
  • g.­177
  • g.­179
  • g.­180
  • g.­191
  • g.­200
  • g.­202
  • g.­205
  • g.­206
  • g.­217
  • g.­228
  • g.­229
  • g.­230
  • g.­233
  • g.­236
  • g.­242
  • g.­244
  • g.­247
  • g.­248
  • g.­250
  • g.­258
  • g.­259
  • g.­262
  • g.­264
  • g.­270
  • g.­274
  • g.­280
  • g.­285
  • g.­287
  • g.­292
  • g.­299
  • g.­300
  • g.­303
  • g.­304
  • g.­305
  • g.­307
  • g.­308
  • g.­309
  • g.­311
  • g.­312
  • g.­318
  • g.­319

Links to further resources:

  • 10 related glossary entries
g.­46

Chinnasrotas

  • rgyun bcad pa
  • རྒྱུན་བཅད་པ།
  • Chinnasrotas

One of the five yakṣa generals.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 12.­1
  • 12.­5
g.­53

Delighting in Emanations

  • ’phrul dga’
  • འཕྲུལ་དགའ།
  • Nirmāṇarati

One of the gods’ realms.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 7.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 41 related glossary entries
g.­60

Dhāraṇī

  • gzungs
  • གཟུངས།
  • dhāraṇī

Magical spell, usually a longer one with a specific purpose. Being also the name of a literary genre, this term may refer also to the entire text of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī or a section of text dealing with a particular dhāraṇī.

89 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­5
  • i.­6
  • i.­7
  • i.­8
  • i.­11
  • i.­12
  • i.­13
  • i.­14
  • i.­15
  • h.­3
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­40
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­43
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­45
  • 2.­46
  • 2.­47
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­1
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­84
  • 6.­15
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­17
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­33
  • 6.­41
  • 6.­42
  • 6.­43
  • 6.­44
  • 6.­45
  • 6.­46
  • 6.­47
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­51
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­63
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­79
  • 6.­84
  • 6.­86
  • 8.­4
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­6
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­12
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­15
  • 10.­19
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­6
  • 11.­7
  • 11.­8
  • 11.­9
  • 11.­10
  • 11.­14
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­21
  • 11.­22
  • 12.­11
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­19
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­5
  • c.­1
  • n.­5
  • n.­11
  • n.­16
  • n.­129
  • n.­130
  • n.­131
  • n.­132
  • n.­390
  • n.­405
  • n.­445
  • g.­61
  • g.­63
  • g.­64
  • g.­216

Links to further resources:

  • 94 related glossary entries
g.­61

Dhāraṇī-seal

  • gzungs kyi phyag rgya
  • གཟུངས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་རྒྱ།
  • dhāraṇīmudrā

This is another term used for dhāraṇī that is meant to convey, among other meanings, the idea that a dhāraṇī seals or stamps upon the reciter or the targeted phenomenon the nature that it embodies.

21 passages contain this term:

  • i.­8
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­80
  • 6.­13
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­36
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­68
  • 7.­7
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­22
  • 10.­24
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­11
  • 13.­4
  • n.­396

Links to further resources:

  • 3 related glossary entries
g.­62

Dharma

  • chos
  • ཆོས།
  • dharma

Quality or phenomenon in a general sense; when spelled with a capital letter it refers to the Buddha’s teaching, one of the Three Jewels.

217 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • i.­14
  • i.­15
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­8
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­14
  • 1.­16
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­30
  • 1.­51
  • 1.­68
  • 1.­73
  • 1.­87
  • 1.­88
  • 1.­89
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­3
  • 2.­7
  • 2.­17
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­19
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­24
  • 2.­25
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­28
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­34
  • 2.­35
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­67
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­6
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­40
  • 3.­48
  • 3.­49
  • 3.­57
  • 3.­63
  • 3.­65
  • 3.­66
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­73
  • 3.­76
  • 3.­77
  • 3.­78
  • 3.­79
  • 3.­81
  • 3.­87
  • 3.­88
  • 3.­91
  • 3.­92
  • 3.­95
  • 3.­96
  • 3.­97
  • 3.­104
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­13
  • 4.­22
  • 4.­23
  • 4.­24
  • 4.­28
  • 4.­34
  • 4.­36
  • 4.­38
  • 4.­40
  • 4.­41
  • 4.­42
  • 4.­43
  • 4.­48
  • 4.­49
  • 4.­50
  • 4.­51
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­59
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­77
  • 4.­85
  • 4.­101
  • 4.­104
  • 4.­123
  • 4.­127
  • 4.­128
  • 4.­129
  • 4.­134
  • 4.­139
  • 4.­140
  • 4.­150
  • 5.­7
  • 5.­20
  • 5.­26
  • 5.­27
  • 5.­33
  • 5.­42
  • 5.­43
  • 5.­48
  • 5.­52
  • 5.­53
  • 5.­54
  • 5.­56
  • 5.­57
  • 5.­58
  • 5.­59
  • 5.­60
  • 5.­75
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­80
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­84
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­15
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­20
  • 6.­21
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­29
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­41
  • 6.­43
  • 6.­46
  • 6.­47
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­67
  • 6.­68
  • 6.­70
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­79
  • 6.­81
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­85
  • 7.­7
  • 7.­8
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­7
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­15
  • 8.­38
  • 9.­4
  • 9.­5
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­3
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­8
  • 10.­9
  • 10.­10
  • 10.­13
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­15
  • 10.­16
  • 10.­18
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­22
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­17
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­24
  • 12.­4
  • 12.­7
  • 12.­9
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­7
  • 13.­13
  • n.­14
  • n.­29
  • n.­56
  • n.­81
  • n.­106
  • n.­107
  • n.­153
  • n.­170
  • n.­178
  • n.­179
  • n.­193
  • n.­260
  • n.­268
  • n.­379
  • n.­402
  • n.­404
  • n.­443
  • g.­3
  • g.­24
  • g.­51
  • g.­61
  • g.­64
  • g.­274

Links to further resources:

  • 34 related glossary entries
g.­63

Dharma discourse

  • chos kyi rnam grangs
  • ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་གྲངས།
  • dharmaparyāya

This may refer to the entire text of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī or to a section dealing with a particular dhāraṇī.

33 passages contain this term:

  • i.­13
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­68
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­79
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­8
  • 10.­9
  • 10.­12
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­15
  • 10.­18
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­22
  • 10.­24
  • 10.­25
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­15
  • 11.­18
  • 13.­1
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­4
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­6
  • 13.­8
  • 13.­15

Links to further resources:

  • 16 related glossary entries
g.­64

Dharma method

  • chos kyi tshul
  • ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཚུལ།
  • dharmanetrī

The Skt. term, which means “way,” “method,” or “system,” could be interpreted as that which is “conducive” to the Dharma, which “leads” to the Dharma or which “guides” in accordance with the principles of the Dharma. In the Ratnaketudhāraṇī, it variously refers to individual dhāraṇīs, the sections that deal with these dhāraṇīs, or the entire text of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī.

31 passages contain this term:

  • i.­14
  • i.­15
  • 4.­12
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­29
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­36
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­85
  • 7.­7
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­12
  • 9.­5
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­25
  • 10.­26
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­11
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­4
  • n.­440

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­65

Dhṛtarāṣṭra

  • yul ’khor srung
  • ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང་།
  • Dhṛtarāṣṭra

One of the Four Great Kings.

5 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­108
  • 6.­69
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­9
  • g.­95

Links to further resources:

  • 26 related glossary entries
g.­66

Diligence

  • brtson ’grus
  • བརྩོན་འགྲུས།
  • vīrya

The fourth of the six perfections.

14 passages contain this term:

  • 4.­70
  • 5.­79
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­24
  • 6.­73
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­6
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­18
  • 10.­10
  • 13.­13
  • g.­92
  • g.­163
  • g.­196

Links to further resources:

  • 30 related glossary entries
g.­68

Discriminating Intellect

  • shin tu rnam par phye ba’i blo gros
  • ཤིན་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་ཕྱེ་བའི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • —

One of the bodhisattvas who received from the Buddha a prophecy of his future awakening.

4 passages contain this term:

  • 7.­1
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • g.­117
g.­73

Durdharṣa

  • thub dka’
  • ཐུབ་དཀའ།
  • Durdharṣa

One of the bodhisattvas in the Buddha’s retinue; also one of the māras.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 3.­21
g.­80

Element

  • khams
  • ཁམས།
  • dhātu

Sphere; primary element (such as earth, water, etc.; see “six elements”); sensory “elements” that comprise six types of sense objects, six types of sense faculties, and six sense consciousnesses.

20 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­8
  • 2.­15
  • 3.­41
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­62
  • 5.­85
  • 5.­86
  • 5.­87
  • 5.­88
  • 5.­89
  • 5.­90
  • 5.­91
  • 6.­18
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­57
  • 10.­3
  • n.­88
  • n.­260
  • n.­338
  • n.­420

Links to further resources:

  • 56 related glossary entries
g.­81

Exposition

  • lung bstan
  • ལུང་བསྟན།
  • vyākaraṇa

A clear analysis or detailed presentation. Also translated here as “prophecy.”

19 passages contain this term:

  • i.­6
  • i.­9
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­80
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­84
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 7.­7
  • 10.­1
  • 11.­2
  • 13.­5
  • n.­333
  • n.­334
  • g.­202

Links to further resources:

  • 14 related glossary entries
g.­85

Five acts of immediate retribution

  • mtshams med pa byed pa
  • མཚམས་མེད་པ་བྱེད་པ།
  • pañcānantarya

Acts for which one will be reborn in hell immediately after death, without any intervening stages; they are (1) killing one’s master or father, (2) killing one’s mother, (3) killing an arhat, (4) maliciously drawing blood from a buddha, and (5) causing a schism in the saṅgha.

4 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­41
  • 6.­23
  • 10.­13
  • 13.­7

Links to further resources:

  • 16 related glossary entries
g.­87

Five degenerations

  • snyigs ma lnga
  • སྙིགས་མ་ལྔ།
  • pañcakaṣāya

Five signs that the later era of an eon has arrived: degenerate views, afflictions, beings, lifespan, and time.

16 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­30
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­78
  • 6.­10
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­78
  • 8.­7
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­6
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­16
  • 13.­3

Links to further resources:

  • 14 related glossary entries
g.­89

Form

  • gzugs
  • གཟུགས།
  • rūpa

First of the five aggregates.

13 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­87
  • 2.­5
  • 3.­55
  • 4.­75
  • 4.­131
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­36
  • 6.­57
  • 7.­1
  • 7.­2
  • n.­190
  • g.­86
  • g.­276

Links to further resources:

  • 19 related glossary entries
g.­90

Formation

  • ’du byed
  • འདུ་བྱེད།
  • saṃskāra

Predispositions; conditioning (as in “conditioned existence”) in general; also the fourth aggregate, that of volition.

9 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­72
  • 5.­92
  • 6.­57
  • 6.­70
  • n.­339
  • n.­400
  • n.­428
  • g.­86
  • g.­273

Links to further resources:

  • 40 related glossary entries
g.­95

Four Great Kings

  • rgyal po chen po bzhi
  • རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ་བཞི།
  • caturmahārāja

The powerful nonhuman guardian kings of the four quarters‍—Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Vaiśravaṇa‍—who rule, respectively, over kumbhāṇḍas in the south, nāgas in the west, gandharvas in the east, and yakṣas in the north.

9 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­108
  • 4.­74
  • 7.­1
  • g.­65
  • g.­156
  • g.­301
  • g.­315
  • g.­316
  • g.­321

Links to further resources:

  • 44 related glossary entries
g.­101

Free from Strife

  • ’thab bral
  • འཐབ་བྲལ།
  • Yāma

One of the gods’ realms.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 7.­1
  • g.­325

Links to further resources:

  • 40 related glossary entries
g.­102

Gandharva

  • dri za
  • དྲི་ཟ།
  • gandharva

A class of celestial beings.

27 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­109
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­16
  • n.­216
  • g.­95

Links to further resources:

  • 114 related glossary entries
g.­104

Garuḍa

  • nam mkha’ lding
  • ནམ་མཁའ་ལྡིང་།
  • garuḍa

A class of celestial birds with bodies half human and half bird.

26 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­70
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • n.­123
  • n.­216

Links to further resources:

  • 79 related glossary entries
g.­110

Glorious and Brilliantly Shining Jewel

  • nor bu ’od ’bar ba dpal
  • ནོར་བུ་འོད་འབར་བ་དཔལ།
  • —

One of the tathāgatas.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 7.­1
g.­111

God

  • lha
  • ལྷ།
  • deva

A celestial being from the highest realm (in the sixfold division) of saṃsāra.

111 passages contain this term:

  • i.­13
  • 1.­25
  • 1.­56
  • 1.­57
  • 1.­74
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­32
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­55
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­74
  • 3.­83
  • 3.­88
  • 3.­96
  • 3.­97
  • 3.­100
  • 3.­101
  • 3.­108
  • 3.­109
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­20
  • 4.­21
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­48
  • 4.­54
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­71
  • 4.­72
  • 4.­73
  • 4.­75
  • 4.­76
  • 4.­118
  • 4.­144
  • 4.­150
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­34
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­81
  • 5.­83
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­58
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­18
  • 8.­36
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­5
  • 9.­6
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­21
  • 11.­5
  • 11.­6
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­20
  • 12.­12
  • 12.­21
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­16
  • n.­65
  • n.­398
  • n.­407
  • n.­431
  • n.­453
  • g.­10
  • g.­37
  • g.­38
  • g.­43
  • g.­53
  • g.­101
  • g.­114
  • g.­147
  • g.­156
  • g.­157
  • g.­168
  • g.­170
  • g.­174
  • g.­204
  • g.­218
  • g.­219
  • g.­226
  • g.­227
  • g.­266
  • g.­290
  • g.­291
  • g.­301
  • g.­306
  • g.­324
  • g.­325

Links to further resources:

  • 61 related glossary entries
g.­116

Hearer

  • nyan thos
  • ཉན་ཐོས།
  • śrāvaka

A disciple of the Buddha; in the Mahāyāna sūtras this term refers to the followers of the Hīnayāna, or the Lesser Vehicle.

35 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­31
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­73
  • 3.­109
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­150
  • 5.­10
  • 5.­11
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­13
  • 5.­14
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­85
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­63
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­3
  • 8.­37
  • n.­12
  • n.­141
  • g.­142
  • g.­172
  • g.­207
  • g.­253
  • g.­254
  • g.­281

Links to further resources:

  • 102 related glossary entries
g.­120

Holder of Meru’s Peak

  • lhun po’i rtse ’dzin
  • ལྷུན་པོའི་རྩེ་འཛིན།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­123

Insight

  • shes rab
  • ཤེས་རབ།
  • prajñā

Direct gnosis without conceptuality or mental elaboration.

22 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­31
  • 1.­32
  • 1.­41
  • 2.­3
  • 2.­24
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­94
  • 7.­3
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­7
  • 8.­18
  • 8.­19
  • 8.­25
  • 10.­1
  • 13.­13
  • n.­30
  • n.­82
  • g.­196
  • g.­241

Links to further resources:

  • 58 related glossary entries
g.­124

Intelligent Light

  • ’od kyi blo gros
  • འོད་ཀྱི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­1
g.­125

Intelligent Lightning

  • glog gi blo gros
  • གློག་གི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­126

Intelligent Sky

  • nam mkha’i blo gros
  • ནམ་མཁའི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­1
g.­128

Jambudvīpa

  • ’dzam bu’i gling
  • འཛམ་བུའི་གླིང་།
  • Jambudvīpa

The southern continent, one of the four comprising our world in Buddhist cosmology.

4 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­7
  • 3.­27
  • 10.­10
  • 10.­11

Links to further resources:

  • 79 related glossary entries
g.­129

Jayamati

  • rgyal ba’i blo gros
  • རྒྱལ་བའི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • Jayamati

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue; also one of Māra’s sons.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­65

Links to further resources:

  • 4 related glossary entries
g.­130

Jinamati

  • —
  • —
  • Jinamati

A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­1
g.­133

Jñānolka

  • shes pa’i sgron ma
  • ཤེས་པའི་སྒྲོན་མ།
  • Jñānolka

One of the five yakṣa generals.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 12.­1
  • 12.­5
g.­139

Kalandakanivāpa

  • bya ka lan ta ka
  • བྱ་ཀ་ལན་ཏ་ཀ
  • Kalandaka­nivāpa

Literally, “The Squirrel Feeding Ground,” a location within the Veṇuvana where the Buddha stayed, receiving its name from the many squirrels living there, being fed by humans. It should be noted that Tibetan translations misunderstand the Sanskrit term kalandaka to be a kind of bird (Tib. bya).

3 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­10
  • 1.­18

Links to further resources:

  • 19 related glossary entries
g.­141

Karma

  • las
  • ལས།
  • karman

Activity, action, or karma (karmic accumulation).

60 passages contain this term:

  • i.­7
  • i.­8
  • i.­14
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­21
  • 1.­22
  • 1.­41
  • 1.­79
  • 2.­9
  • 2.­24
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­43
  • 2.­55
  • 2.­58
  • 2.­67
  • 3.­68
  • 3.­72
  • 3.­95
  • 4.­48
  • 4.­119
  • 4.­142
  • 5.­88
  • 5.­92
  • 6.­24
  • 6.­46
  • 6.­47
  • 6.­67
  • 6.­81
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­5
  • 7.­6
  • 10.­10
  • 10.­13
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­24
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­18
  • 12.­14
  • 13.­5
  • n.­129
  • n.­132
  • n.­136
  • n.­192
  • n.­193
  • n.­333
  • n.­371
  • n.­480
  • g.­3
  • g.­5
  • g.­78
  • g.­79
  • g.­270
  • g.­271

Links to further resources:

  • 28 related glossary entries
g.­146

Kauṇḍiṇyārcis

  • kauN+Di n+ya ’od ’phro ba
  • ཀཽཎྜི་ནྱ་འོད་འཕྲོ་བ།
  • Kauṇḍiṇyārcis

One of the tathāgatas.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 12.­1
g.­151

Kinnara

  • mi ’am ci
  • མི་འམ་ཅི།
  • kinnara

A class of celestial beings.

27 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­21
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­70
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • n.­123
  • n.­216

Links to further resources:

  • 79 related glossary entries
g.­154

Kṣatriya

  • rgyal rigs
  • རྒྱལ་རིགས།
  • kṣatriya

The warrior caste (one of the main four Indian castes).

15 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­44
  • 2.­45
  • 3.­108
  • 5.­79
  • 6.­24
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­67
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­6
  • 10.­24
  • 12.­7
  • 12.­10
  • 12.­11
  • n.­124

Links to further resources:

  • 34 related glossary entries
g.­156

Kubera

  • lus ngan po
  • ལུས་ངན་པོ།
  • Kubera
  • Kuvera

A god of wealth, sometimes (as in the Ratnaketudhāraṇī) identified with Vaiśravaṇa, one of the Four Great Kings.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 11.­1
  • 11.­10

Links to further resources:

  • 22 related glossary entries
g.­159

Kumbhāṇḍa

  • grul bum
  • གྲུལ་བུམ།
  • kumbhāṇḍa

A class of nonhuman beings.

10 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­28
  • 6.­74
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 12.­11
  • 13.­3
  • g.­95

Links to further resources:

  • 30 related glossary entries
g.­166

Magadha

  • ma ga d+hA
  • མ་ག་དྷཱ།
  • Māgadha
  • Magadha

The country corresponding roughly to modern Bihar.

5 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • 3.­29
  • g.­14
  • g.­212
  • g.­307

Links to further resources:

  • 31 related glossary entries
g.­169

Mahācandanagandha

  • tsan dan gyi dri chen po
  • ཙན་དན་གྱི་དྲི་ཆེན་པོ།
  • Mahā­candana­gandha

One of the tathāgatas.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 13.­1
  • 13.­2
g.­170

Maheśvara

  • dbang phyug chen po
  • དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ།
  • Maheśvara

One of the forms of the god Śiva.

10 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­37
  • 1.­40
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­74
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­1
  • g.­135

Links to further resources:

  • 47 related glossary entries
g.­171

Mahoraga

  • lto ’phye chen po
  • ལྟོ་འཕྱེ་ཆེན་པོ།
  • mahoraga

A class of nonhuman beings with bodies resembling snakes.

30 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­70
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­73
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­21
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • n.­123
  • n.­216

Links to further resources:

  • 71 related glossary entries
g.­173

Maitreya

  • byams pa
  • བྱམས་པ།
  • Maitreya

A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha; also the name of the future buddha.

5 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 2.­20
  • 2.­66
  • 10.­18
  • n.­148

Links to further resources:

  • 83 related glossary entries
g.­174

Making Use of Others’ Emanations

  • gzhan ’phrul dbang byed
  • གཞན་འཕྲུལ་དབང་བྱེད།
  • Paranirmita­vaśa­vartin

One of the gods’ realms.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 7.­1
  • g.­306

Links to further resources:

  • 43 related glossary entries
g.­176

Māndāravagandharoca

  • me tog man dA ra ba’i dri mo
  • མེ་ཏོག་མན་དཱ་ར་བའི་དྲི་མོ།
  • Māndārava­gandha­roca

One of the tathāgatas.

4 passages contain this term:

  • 10.­1
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­3
  • 10.­17
g.­177

Mañjuśrī

  • ’jam dpal
  • འཇམ་དཔལ།
  • Mañjuśrī

The bodhisattva of wisdom; one of the bodhisattvas in the retinue of the Buddha.

5 passages contain this term:

  • i.­5
  • 1.­1
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­22
  • 2.­25

Links to further resources:

  • 109 related glossary entries
g.­178

Māra

  • bdud
  • བདུད།
  • māra

A generic name for the followers of Māra.

103 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­17
  • 1.­19
  • 2.­62
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­10
  • 3.­12
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­19
  • 3.­21
  • 3.­25
  • 3.­27
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­32
  • 3.­33
  • 3.­34
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­36
  • 3.­39
  • 3.­40
  • 3.­47
  • 3.­49
  • 3.­61
  • 3.­63
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­73
  • 3.­93
  • 3.­98
  • 3.­102
  • 3.­103
  • 3.­106
  • 3.­107
  • 3.­108
  • 3.­109
  • 3.­110
  • 3.­119
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­8
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­11
  • 4.­20
  • 4.­21
  • 4.­24
  • 4.­54
  • 4.­56
  • 4.­58
  • 4.­67
  • 4.­73
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­7
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­19
  • 5.­34
  • 5.­55
  • 5.­72
  • 5.­83
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­67
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­74
  • 6.­75
  • 6.­76
  • 6.­77
  • 6.­84
  • 8.­2
  • 8.­4
  • 8.­7
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­11
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­13
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­37
  • 10.­1
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­12
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­17
  • 11.­21
  • 11.­22
  • g.­7
  • g.­31
  • g.­35
  • g.­73
  • g.­88
  • g.­107
  • g.­136
  • g.­149
  • g.­155
  • g.­188
  • g.­234
  • g.­289
  • g.­320

Links to further resources:

  • 115 related glossary entries
g.­179

Māra

  • bdud
  • བདུད།
  • Māra

The main adversary of the Buddha and the embodiment of evil; in the latter sense it may also be used in the plural.

139 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • h.­3
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­19
  • 1.­20
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­26
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­37
  • 1.­39
  • 1.­40
  • 1.­43
  • 1.­44
  • 1.­45
  • 1.­47
  • 1.­49
  • 1.­52
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­55
  • 1.­58
  • 1.­59
  • 1.­61
  • 1.­62
  • 1.­63
  • 1.­65
  • 1.­67
  • 1.­70
  • 1.­71
  • 1.­72
  • 1.­73
  • 1.­75
  • 1.­83
  • 1.­86
  • 1.­87
  • 1.­88
  • 1.­89
  • 1.­90
  • 1.­91
  • 1.­92
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­33
  • 2.­35
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­55
  • 2.­56
  • 2.­58
  • 2.­66
  • 2.­67
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­6
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­10
  • 3.­12
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­47
  • 3.­61
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­75
  • 3.­97
  • 3.­98
  • 3.­101
  • 3.­103
  • 3.­110
  • 3.­113
  • 3.­114
  • 3.­115
  • 3.­119
  • 3.­121
  • 3.­123
  • 3.­124
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­8
  • 4.­55
  • 4.­67
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­75
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­19
  • 5.­59
  • 5.­60
  • 5.­61
  • 5.­77
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­81
  • 6.­11
  • 6.­12
  • 6.­16
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­29
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­67
  • 6.­68
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­75
  • 6.­77
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­79
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­4
  • 8.­9
  • 9.­8
  • 9.­9
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­17
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­20
  • 11.­21
  • 11.­22
  • 11.­23
  • 13.­2
  • 13.­5
  • n.­8
  • n.­19
  • n.­59
  • n.­109
  • n.­116
  • n.­136
  • n.­149
  • n.­354
  • n.­453
  • g.­31
  • g.­129
  • g.­158
  • g.­178
  • g.­310
  • g.­320

Links to further resources:

  • 115 related glossary entries
g.­180

Maudgalyāyana

  • maud gal gyi bu
  • མཽད་གལ་གྱི་བུ།
  • Maudgalyāyana

One of the main disciples of the Buddha.

15 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • 1.­35
  • 1.­36
  • 1.­37
  • 1.­53
  • 3.­40
  • 3.­47
  • 3.­49
  • 3.­73
  • n.­8
  • n.­34
  • n.­177
  • g.­144
  • g.­145
  • g.­184

Links to further resources:

  • 63 related glossary entries
g.­181

Mind of awakening

  • byang chub kyi sems
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས།
  • bodhicitta

The aspiration to attain awakening for the sake of all beings.

7 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­55
  • 1.­83
  • 4.­123
  • 4.­151
  • 6.­27
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­8

Links to further resources:

  • 41 related glossary entries
g.­182

Mount Meru

  • ri rab
  • རི་རབ།
  • Meru
  • Sumeru

The central mountain of the universe, by the reckoning of Buddhist cosmology, identified with Mount Kailas in western Tibet.

11 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­72
  • 1.­76
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­49
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­85
  • 10.­14
  • 13.­12
  • n.­59
  • n.­225
  • g.­127

Links to further resources:

  • 70 related glossary entries
g.­186

Nāga

  • klu
  • ཀླུ།
  • nāga

A class of nonhuman beings with bodies that are half snake and half human.

48 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­72
  • 1.­74
  • 2.­32
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­34
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­20
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­74
  • 4.­144
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­79
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37
  • 9.­5
  • 9.­6
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­7
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­18
  • 12.­11
  • 12.­12
  • 12.­21
  • 13.­3
  • 13.­5
  • n.­398
  • n.­407
  • n.­431
  • g.­95

Links to further resources:

  • 91 related glossary entries
g.­189

Nirvāṇa

  • mya ngan las ’das pa
  • མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ།
  • nirvāṇa

The state attained when the afflictions have been extinguished.

24 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­38
  • 1.­41
  • 1.­42
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­40
  • 2.­47
  • 3.­84
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­136
  • 4.­137
  • 5.­79
  • 5.­81
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­75
  • 7.­5
  • 11.­14
  • n.­39
  • n.­93
  • n.­106
  • g.­36
  • g.­192
  • g.­247
  • g.­253

Links to further resources:

  • 31 related glossary entries
g.­190

Noble one

  • ’phags pa
  • འཕགས་པ།
  • ārya

This term in particular applies to stream enterers, once-returners, non-returners, and worthy ones.

66 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­34
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­81
  • 1.­84
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­3
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­5
  • 2.­6
  • 2.­12
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­22
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­34
  • 2.­40
  • 2.­41
  • 2.­48
  • 2.­67
  • 3.­48
  • 4.­50
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­85
  • 5.­86
  • 5.­87
  • 5.­88
  • 5.­89
  • 5.­90
  • 5.­92
  • 5.­93
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­45
  • 6.­59
  • 6.­60
  • 6.­72
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­84
  • 6.­85
  • 7.­2
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • 8.­1
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­6
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­8
  • 10.­13
  • 10.­21
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­17
  • 11.­21
  • 12.­3
  • 12.­10
  • 12.­11
  • 12.­14
  • 12.­16
  • 13.­3
  • n.­80
  • n.­121
  • n.­468
  • n.­470

Links to further resources:

  • 26 related glossary entries
g.­197

Piśāca

  • sha za
  • ཤ་ཟ།
  • piśāca

A class of flesh-eating spirits.

10 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­28
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­66
  • 6.­74
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­37

Links to further resources:

  • 30 related glossary entries
g.­201

Preta

  • yi dags
  • ཡི་དགས།
  • preta

A class of spirits of the lower order, sometimes called “hungry ghosts.”

10 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­74
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­55
  • 3.­28
  • 7.­1
  • 8.­37
  • n.­138
  • g.­143
  • g.­275

Links to further resources:

  • 50 related glossary entries
g.­202

Prophecy

  • lung bstan
  • ལུང་བསྟན།
  • vyākaraṇa

A prophecy usually made by the Buddha or another tathāgata concerning the perfect awakening of one of their followers; a literary genre or category of works that contain such prophecies. Also translated here as “exposition.”

38 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­9
  • 1.­54
  • 2.­64
  • 4.­151
  • 5.­6
  • 5.­8
  • 5.­13
  • 6.­19
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­20
  • 8.­22
  • 8.­24
  • 8.­26
  • 8.­28
  • 8.­30
  • 8.­32
  • 8.­34
  • 8.­36
  • 8.­37
  • 8.­39
  • 11.­16
  • 12.­4
  • 12.­7
  • g.­54
  • g.­68
  • g.­77
  • g.­81
  • g.­121
  • g.­122
  • g.­223
  • g.­243
  • g.­261
  • g.­263
  • g.­293

Links to further resources:

  • 14 related glossary entries
g.­212

Rājagṛha

  • rgyal po’i khab
  • རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁབ།
  • Rājagṛha

The capital city of Magadha.

27 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­2
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­10
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­28
  • 3.­29
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­40
  • 3.­63
  • 3.­97
  • 3.­106
  • 3.­108
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­8
  • 4.­19
  • 4.­75
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­10
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­16
  • n.­17
  • g.­137
  • g.­268
  • g.­307

Links to further resources:

  • 79 related glossary entries
g.­213

Rākṣasa

  • srin po
  • སྲིན་པོ།
  • rākṣasa

A demon; a class of demons.

10 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­44
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­70
  • 6.­74
  • 7.­1
  • 10.­11
  • 12.­11
  • 13.­3

Links to further resources:

  • 47 related glossary entries
g.­216

Ratnaketu

  • rin po che tog
  • རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཏོག
  • Ratnaketu

It occurs as the main title of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī and also as the name of the main dhāraṇī of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī. It is also used in Buddhist texts to designate a special meditative absorption, a tathāgata, and a bodhisattva. Generally, the term refers to something precious and illuminating, i.e., a guiding light.

26 passages contain this term:

  • i.­5
  • i.­7
  • i.­11
  • 1.­92
  • 2.­40
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­43
  • 2.­44
  • 2.­45
  • 2.­46
  • 2.­47
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­1
  • 4.­131
  • 5.­95
  • 6.­86
  • 7.­8
  • 8.­39
  • 9.­10
  • 11.­24
  • c.­1
  • n.­5
g.­224

Sage

  • drang srong
  • དྲང་སྲོང་།
  • ṛṣi

A person, usually endowed with some superhuman powers; also a class of superhuman beings (in the latter meaning this term is used in its Sanskrit form).

61 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­14
  • 1.­41
  • 1.­51
  • 1.­56
  • 1.­57
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­57
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­29
  • 3.­48
  • 3.­77
  • 3.­99
  • 3.­105
  • 3.­107
  • 3.­109
  • 3.­120
  • 3.­122
  • 4.­11
  • 4.­13
  • 4.­16
  • 4.­25
  • 4.­41
  • 4.­54
  • 4.­74
  • 4.­75
  • 4.­76
  • 4.­77
  • 4.­78
  • 4.­81
  • 4.­82
  • 4.­118
  • 4.­119
  • 4.­120
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­132
  • 4.­145
  • 4.­146
  • 4.­148
  • 4.­152
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­7
  • 5.­55
  • 5.­60
  • 5.­73
  • 6.­8
  • 6.­10
  • 6.­32
  • 9.­8
  • 9.­9
  • 11.­16
  • 13.­9
  • 13.­10
  • 13.­12
  • c.­1
  • n.­213
  • n.­219
  • n.­246
  • g.­121
  • g.­135
  • g.­229

Links to further resources:

  • 23 related glossary entries
g.­225

Sahā world

  • mi mjed
  • མི་མཇེད།
  • Sahā

The great trichiliocosm in which we live.

15 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­49
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­117
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­14
  • 5.­78
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­83
  • 5.­84
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­5
  • 13.­1
  • 13.­2
  • n.­152

Links to further resources:

  • 57 related glossary entries
g.­226

Śakra

  • brgya byin
  • བརྒྱ་བྱིན།
  • śakra

Usually (when spelled with the capital letter) this is one of the names of Indra; in this case is denotes any of the ruling gods in the Realm of the Thirty-Three Gods.

18 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­55
  • 6.­59
  • 6.­60
  • 6.­69
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­82
  • 6.­84
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­21
  • g.­245

Links to further resources:

  • 107 related glossary entries
g.­227

Śakra

  • brgya byin
  • བརྒྱ་བྱིན།
  • Śakra

Another name of Indra, the chief god in the Realm of the Thirty-Three Gods.

12 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­108
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­74
  • 5.­3
  • 6.­50
  • 7.­1
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­6
  • 13.­5
  • 13.­15
  • n.­429
  • g.­147

Links to further resources:

  • 107 related glossary entries
g.­229

Śākyamuni

  • shAkya thub pa
  • ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ།
  • Śākyamuni

“The sage of the Śākya clan,” an epithet of the Buddha.

79 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­2
  • i.­14
  • 2.­48
  • 2.­49
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­1
  • 5.­12