མཚན་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གཉིས། | Glossary of Terms

The thirty-two marks manifested by a “great being” (mahāpuruṣa). As “great beings,” all buddhas are said to display them.

These are the major physical marks that identify the buddha body of emanation and which, in some sources and traditions, portend the advent of a universal monarch. As well as being listed in this and other Prajñā­pāramitā sūtras (see The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines [Toh 11], 2.16 and 29.24), they are to be found detailed in the Lalita­vistara (see The Play in Full (Toh 95), 7.99 and 26.145–73), Mahā­yānopadeśa (Toh 169), Ratna­gotra­vibhāgottara­tantra­śāstra (Toh 4024, 3.17–25), Mahā­vastu, and in the Pali Lakkhaṇa­sutta.

See “thirty-two marks of a great being.”

The thirty-two characteristics of a great being, including the uṣṇīṣa, or head mound, and the long tongue.

Thirty-two of the hundred and twelve identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and universal monarchs, in addition to the so-called “eighty minor marks.” These can be found listed in UT22084-046-001-474.

Thirty-two of the hundred and twelve identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and universal monarchs, in addition to the so-called “eighty minor marks.”

The main identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and universal monarchs, to which are added the eighty excellent signs.

The main identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and universal monarchs, to which are added the so-called “eighty minor marks.”

A series of identifying physical features characteristic of a great being (Skt. mahāpuruṣa), exemplified by a buddha or cakravartin king.

These are the major physical marks that identify the buddha body of emanation and which also, in some sources and traditions, portend the advent of a universal monarch.

The set of thirty-two physical marks that identify both a buddha and a universal monarch (cakravartin); in the case of the former they indicate the perfection of the awakened state of buddhahood.

Thirty-two of the 112 identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and universal emperors, in addition to the eighty minor marks.

The thirty-two characteristics of a great being (mahāpuruṣa; skyes bu chen po), including the uṣṇīṣa, or head mound, and the long tongue.

The distinctive physical attributes of the Buddha. These are the “signs of a great man” (Skt. mahā­puruṣa­lakṣaṇa, Tib. skye bu chen po’i mtshan bzang) that, following Indian tradition, characterize cakravartin kings (world sovereigns) as well as buddhas. For a descriptive list, see Dharmachakra (2013), 26.145-173.

Thirty-two of the 112 identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and cakravartins, in addition to the eighty excellent signs. There are significant variations found in this list from source to source. See UT22084-060-001-74.

Thirty-two of the 112 identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and cakravartins, in addition to the “eighty excellent signs.” There are significant variations found in this list depending on the source.

These are thirty-two physical characteristics of a “great person.”

See “thirty-two marks of a great being.”

Thirty-two of the 112 identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and universal monarchs, in addition to the so-called “eighty minor marks.” For a detailed list see Berzin (2012).

The thirty-two major signs of a buddha that manifest as specific physical attributes to indicate the perfection of the awakened state of buddhahood.

For their enumeration in this text, see UT22084-029-001-5641.

These are the major physical marks that identify the buddha body of emanation, and which, in some sources and traditions, portend the advent of a universal monarch.

As well as being listed in this and other Prajñā­pāramitā sūtras (see UT22084-031-002-271), they are to be found detailed in the Lalita­vistara (7.98–103 and 26.145–173), Mahā­yānopadeśa, Rāṣṭra­pāla­paripṛcchā, Ratna­gotra­vibhāgottara­tantra­śāstra (3.17–25), Mahā­vastu, and in the Pali Lakkhaṇa­sutta.

See UT22084-031-002-270 and UT22084-031-002-2379.

The thirty-two major signs of a buddha that manifest as specific physical attributes to indicate the perfection of the awakened state of buddhahood.