ཤེས་ཕྱིན་ཁྲི་པ།
The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines
Daśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā
འཕགས་པ་ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་ཁྲི་པ་ཤེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
’phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa khri pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo
The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra “The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines”
Āryadaśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitānāmamahāyānasūtra

Toh 11
Degé Kangyur, vol. 31 (shes phyin, ga), folios 1.b–91.a and vol 32 (shes phyin, nga), folios 92.b–397.a.
Translated by the Padmakara Translation Group
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha
First published 2018
Current version v 1.38.13 (2021)
Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.1.18
84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.

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Summary
While dwelling at Vulture Peak near Rājagṛha, the Buddha sets in motion the sūtras that are the most extensive of all—the sūtras on the Prajñāpāramitā, or “Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom.” Committed to writing around the start of the first millennium, these sūtras were expanded and contracted in the centuries that followed, eventually amounting to twenty-three volumes in the Tibetan Kangyur. Among them, The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines is a compact and coherent restatement of the longer versions, uniquely extant in Tibetan translation, without specific commentaries, and rarely studied. While the structure generally follows that of the longer versions, chapters 1–2 conveniently summarize all three hundred and sixty-seven categories of phenomena, causal and fruitional attributes which the sūtra examines in the light of wisdom or discriminative awareness. Chapter 31 and the final chapter 33 conclude with an appraisal of irreversible bodhisattvas, the pitfalls of rejecting this teaching, and the blessings that accrue from committing it to writing.
Acknowledgements
Translated by the Padmakara Translation Group under the direction of Jigme Khyentse Rinpoche and Pema Wangyal Rinpoche. The text was translated, introduced, and annotated by Dr. Gyurme Dorje, and edited by Charles Hastings and John Canti with contributions from Greg Seton.
This translation has been completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.
Work on this text was made possible thanks to generous donations made by Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche; respectfully and humbly offered by Judy Cole, William Tai, Jie Chi Tai and families; by Shi Jing and family; by Wang Kang Wei and Zhao Yun Qi and family; and by Matthew, Vivian, Ye Kong and family. They are all most gratefully acknowledged.
Colophon
This translation was edited and redacted by the Indian preceptors Jinamitra and Prajñāvarman, along with the editor-in-chief and translator Bandé Yeshé Dé.
ye dharmā hetuprabhavā hetun teṣāṃ tathāgato bhavat āha teṣāṃ ca yo nirodho evaṃ vādī mahāśramaṇaḥ [ye svāhā]
“Whatever events arise from a cause, the Tathāgata has told the cause thereof, and the great virtuous ascetic has also taught their cessation.”
Abbreviations
ARIRIAB | Annual Report of the International Research Institute of Advanced Buddhology. Tokyo: SOKA University. |
---|---|
ISMEO | Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Orient |
KPD | bka’ ’gyur dpe bsdur ma [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–2009. |
LTWA | Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, H.P., India |
SOR | Serie Orientale Roma |
TOK | ’jam mgon kong sprul, The Treasury of Knowledge. English translations of shes bya kun khyab mdzod by the Kalu Rinpoche Translation Group in The Treasury of Knowledge series (TOK, Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 1995 to 2012); mentioned here are Kalu Rinpoche Translation Group 1995 (Book 1) and 1998 (Book 5); Ngawang Zangpo 2010 (Books 2, 3, and 4); Callahan 2007 (Book 6, Part 3); and Dorje 2012 (Book 6 Parts 1–2). |
TPD | bstan ’gyur dpe bsdur ma [Comparative edition of the Tengyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 120 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 1994–2008. |
Notes
Bibliography
Primary Sources
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa khri pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo, Daśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitānāmamahāyānasūtra. Toh 11, Degé Kangyur, vols. 31–32 (shes phyin, ga), ff. 1b–91a; and nga, ff. 92b–397a.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa khri pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo, Daśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitānāmamahāyānasūtra. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–2009, vol. 31, pp. 530–763 and vol. 32, pp. 3–763.
Dutt, Nalinaksha. Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā, edition of the recast Sanskrit manuscript (Part One). Calcutta Oriental Series, No. 28. London: Luzac & Co., 1934.
Kimura, Takayasu. Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā, edition of the recast Sanskrit manuscript (Parts One–Eight). Part One (2007), Parts Two–Three (1986), Part Four (1990), Part Five (1992), and Parts Six–Eight (2006). Tokyo: Sankibo Busshorin Publishing Co. Ltd., 1986–2007.
Secondary References
Sūtras
klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa’i mdo (Sāgaranāgarājaparipṛcchāsūtra). Toh 153. Degé Kangyur vol. 58 (mdo sde, pha, fol. 116a–198a); also KPD 58: 303–491.
dkon mchog sprin gyi mdo (Ratnameghasūtra). Toh, 231. Degé Kangyur vol. 64 (mdo sde, va, fol. 1b–112b); also KPD 64: 3–313. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee (2019). [Full citation and link to 84000 page listed in secondary literature]
dkon brtsegs/ dkon mchog brtsegs pa’i mdo (Ratnakūṭa). Section of the Kangyur comprising Toh 45–93, Degé Kangyur vols. 39–44. Also KPD: 39–44.
rgya cher rol pa (Lalitavistarasūtra) [The Play in Full]. Toh, 95, Degé Kangyur vol. 46 (mdo sde, kha, fol. 1b–216b); also KPD 46: 3–527. English translation in Dharmachakra Translation Committee (2013). [Full citation and link to 84000 page listed in secondary literature]
chos yang dag par sdud pa’i mdo (Dharmasaṃgītisūtra). Toh 238, Degé Kangyur vol. 65 (mdo sde, zha, fol. 1b–99b); also KPD 65: 3–250.
de bzhin gshegs pa’i snying rje chen po nges par bstan pa’i mdo (Tathāgatamahākaruṇānirdeśasūtra). Toh. 147, Degé Kangyur, vol. 57 (mdo sde, pa, fol. 142a–242b); also KPD 57: 377–636. English translation in Burchardi (2020). [Full citation and link to 84000 page listed in secondary literature]
phal po che’i mdo (sangs rgyas phal po che shin tu rgyas pa chen po’i mdo) (Avataṃsakasūtra Buddhāvataṃsakamahāvaipulyasūtra). Toh 44, Degé Kangyur vols. 35–38 (phal chen, vols. ka– a); also KPD 35–38. Translated Cleary (1984).
mi zad pa’i za ma tog gi gzungs (Akṣayakaraṇḍadhāraṇī) [Mnemonic Incantation of the Inexhaustible Cornucopia]. Contained in klu’i rgyal po rgya mtshos zhus pa’i mdo (Sāgaranāgarājaparipṛcchāsūtra), Toh 153, Degé Kangyur vol. 58 (mdo sde, pha, fol. 116a–198a); also KPD 58: chs. 3–4, pp. 382–383.
tshangs pa’i dra ba’i mdo (Brahmajālasūtra) [Sūtra of the Net of Brahmā]. Toh 352, Degé Kangyur vol. 76 (mdo sde, aḥ), fol. 70b–86a; also KPD76: 205–249. Translated from the Pali version in Bodhi (1978).
gzungs kyi dbang phyug rgyal po’i mdo (Dhāraṇīśvararājesūtra) [Sūtra of Dhāraṇīśvararāja]. An alternative title for Tathāgatamahākaruṇānirdeśasūtra. Toh 147, q.v. English translation in Burchardi, Anne (2020).
theg pa chen po’i man ngag gi mdo (Mahāyānopadeśa). Toh 169, Degé Kangyur vol. 59 (mdo sde, ba), fol. 259–307.
yul ’khor skyong gi zhus pa’i mdo (Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā). Toh 62, Degé Kangyur, vol. 42 (dkon brtsegs, nga), fol 227–257.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa khri brgyad stong pa (Aṣṭādaśāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines]. Toh 10, Degé Kangyur vols. 29–31 (shes phyin, ka), f. 1b–ga, f. 206a; also KPD 29: p. 3–31: 495. Translated and edited in Conze (1975).
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa (Aṣṭasāhasarikāprajñāpāramitā) [Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines]. Toh 12, Degé Kangyur vol. 33 (shes phyin, ka), fol. 1b–286a; also KPD 33. Translated in Conze (1973).
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag brgya pa (Śatasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines]. Toh 8. Degé Kangyur vols. 14–25 (shes phyin, ka), f. 1b–a, f. 395a; also KPD 14–25.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa (Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā) [Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-five Thousand Lines]. Toh 9, Degé Kangyur vols. 26–28 (shes phyin, ka), f. 1b–ga, f. 381a; also KPD 26–28 Annotated Sanskrit edition of the recast manuscript in Dutt (1934) and Kimura (1971–2009). Partially translated in Conze (1975).
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa rdo rje gcod pa’i mdo (Vajracchedikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra) [Sūtra of the Adamantine Cutter [in Three Hundred Lines]. Toh 16, Degé Kangyur vol. 34 (shes phyin, ka), f. 121a–132b; also KPD 34: 327–357. Translated in Red Pine (2001).
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa sdud pa tshigs su bcad pa (Prajñāpāramitāsañcayagāthā) [Verse Summation of the Transcendental Perfection of Wisdom]. Toh. 13, Degé Kangyur vol. 34 (shes phyin, ka), f. 1b–19b; also KPD 34: 3–44. Translated in Conze (1973).
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i snying po (Prajñāpāramitāhṛdayasūtra) [Heart Sūtra of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom]. Toh 21, Degé Kangyur vol. 34 (shes phyin, ka), f. 144b–146a; also KPD 34, pp. 402–405. Translated in Red Pine (2004).
Indic Commentaries
Asaṅga. chos mngon pa kun las btus pa (Abhidharmasamuccaya) [Compendium of Phenomenology]. Toh 4049. Degé Tengyur vol. 236 (sems tsam, ri), fol. 44b–120a; also TPD 76: 116–313. Translated from French in Boin-Webb (2001).
rnal ’byor spyod pa’i sa’i dngos gzhi (Yogacaryābhūmivastu). Toh 4035–4037, Degé Tengyur vols. 229–231 (sems tsam, tshi–vi). This is the first of the five parts of the Yogacaryā Level, comprising three texts: Yogacaryābhūmi (Toh 4035) and its sub-sections: Śrāvakabhūmi (Toh 4036) and Bodhisattvabhūmi (Toh 4037).
Haribhadra. mngon rtogs rgyan gyi snang ba (Abhisamayalaṃkārāloka) [Light for the Ornament of Emergent Realization]. Toh 3791, Degé Tengyur vol. 85 (shes phyin, cha), f. 1b–341a; also TPD 51: 891–1728. Translated in Sparham (2006–2012).
Kalyāṇamitra. ’dul bag zhi rgya cher ’grel pa (Vinayavastuṭīkā) [Great Commentary on the Foundations of Monastic Discipline]. Toh 4113, Degé Tengyur vol. 258 (’dul ba, tsu), f. 177a–326a; also TPD 87: 481–883.
Maitreya. [shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos] mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan (Abhisamayālaṃkāra-[nāma-prajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstrakārikā]) [Ornament of Clear Realization]. Toh 3786, Degé Tengyur vol. 80 (shes phyin, ka), fol. 1b–13a; also TPD 49: 3–30. Translated in Conze (1954) and Thrangu (2004).
[theg pa chen po] mdo sde’i rgyan zhes bya ba’i tshig le’ur byas pa ([Mahāyāna]sūtrālaṃkārakārikā) [Ornament of the Sūtras of the Great Vehicle]. Toh 4020, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), f. 1b–39a; also TPD 70: 805–890 Translated in Jamspal et al. (2004).
theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma’i bstan bcos (Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra) [Supreme Continuum of the Great Vehicle]. Toh 4024, Degé Tengyur vol. 225 (sems tsam, phi), f. 54b–73a; also TPD 70: 935–979. Translated in Holmes, Kenneth and Katia Holmes. The Changeless Nature. Eskdalemuir: Karma Drubgyud Drajay Ling, 1985. See also Takasaki, Jikido. A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra). SOR XXXIII. Roma: ISMEO, 1966.
Ratnākāraśānti. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa’i dka’ ’grel snying po mchog (Aṣṭasāhasarikāprajñāpāramitāpañjikāsārottama). Toh 3803, Degé Tengyur, vol. 89 (shes phyin, tha), f. 1b–230a; also TPD 53: 711–1317.
Vasubandhu. chos mngon pa’i mdzod kyi bshad pa (Abhidharmakośabhāṣya). Toh 4090, Degé Tengyur vol. 242 (mngon pa, ku), fol. 26b–258a; also TPD 79: 65–630. Translated from the French in Pruden (1988–1990).
chos mngon pa’i mdzod kyi tshig le’ur byas pa (Abhidharmakośakārikā). Toh 4089, Degé Tengyur vol. 242 (mngon pa, ku), fol. 1b–25a; also TPD 79: 3–59. Translated from the French in Pruden (1988–1990).
Vasubandhu/Dāṃṣṭrasena. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa ’bum pa dang nyi khri lnga stong pa dang khri brgyad stong pa’i rgya cher bshad pa (Śatasahāsrikāpañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāṣṭādaśasāhasrikāprajnā-pāramitābṛhaṭṭīkā) [Extensive Exegesis of the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines, Twenty-five Thousand Lines and Eighteen Thousand Lines]. Toh 3808, Degé Tengyur vol. 93 (shes phyin, pha), fol. 1b–2292b; also TPD 55: 645–1376.
Vimuktisena. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa’i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa’i rgyan gyi ’grel pa (Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitopdeśaśāstrābhisamayālaṃkāravṛtti) [Commentary on the Ornament of Clear Realization: A Treatise of Instruction on the Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-five Thousand Lines]. Toh 3787, Degé Tengyur, vol. 80 (shes phyin, ka), f. 14b–212a); also TPD 49: 33–530. Translated in Sparham (2006–2012).
Indigenous Tibetan Works
Jamgön Kongtrül (’jam mgon kong sprul). shes bya kun khyab mdzod [The Treasury of Knowledge]. Root verses contained in three-volume publication. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1982; Boudhnath: Padma Karpo Translation Committee edition, 2000 (photographic reproduction of the original four-volume Palpung xylograph, 1844). Translated, along with the auto-commentary, by the Kalu Rinpoche Translation Group in The Treasury of Knowledge series (TOK). Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1995 to 2012. Mentioned here are Kalu Rinpoche Translation Group 1995 (Book 1) and 1998 (Book 5); Ngawang Zangpo 2010 (Books 2, 3, and 4); Callahan 2007 (Book 6, Part 3); and Dorje 2012 (Book 6 Parts 1-2).
Kawa Paltsek (ka ba dpal brtsegs) and Namkhai Nyingpo (nam mkha’i snying po). ldan dkar ma (pho brang stod thang ldan dkar gyi chos ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Toh 4364, Degé Tengyur vol. 308 (sna tshogs, jo), f. 294b–310a; also TPD 116: 786–827.
Nordrang Orgyan (nor brang o rgyan). chos rnam kun btus. 3 vols. Beijing: Krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang, 2008.
Situ Paṇchen (si tu paṇ chen) or Situ Chökyi Jungné (si tu chos kyi ’byung gnas). sde dge’i bka’ ’gyur dkar chags. Chengdu: Sichuan Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1989.
Various, bye brag tu rtogs par byed pa (Mahāvyutpatti). Toh 4346, Degé Tengyur vol. 306 (sna tshogs, co), f. 1b–131a; also TPD 115: 3–254. Sakaki, Ryozaburo, ed. (1916–25); reprint, 1965.
Zhang Yisun et al. bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo. 3 vols. Subsequently reprinted in 2 vols. and 1 vol. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1985. Translated in Nyima and Dorje 2001 (vol. 1).
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Strauch, Ingo. (2007–2008), “The Bajaur collection: A new collection of Kharoṣṭhī manuscripts. A preliminary catalogue and survey.”
Thrangu Rinpoche, Khenchen et al, trans. The Ornament of Clear Realization. Auckland: Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal Charitable Trust Publications, 2004.
Williams, Paul. Mahāyāna Buddhism. London: Routledge, 1989.
Glossary
Abdomen is not misshapen
- sku ma rnyongs pa
- སྐུ་མ་རྙོངས་པ།
- abhugnakukṣitā
Fifty-seventh of the eighty minor marks.
Abdomen is slender
- phyal phyang nge ba
- ཕྱལ་ཕྱང་ངེ་བ།
- kṣāmodaratā
Fifty-eighth of the eighty minor marks.
Abdomen that is unwrinkled
- sku la gnyer ma med pa
- སྐུ་ལ་གཉེར་མ་མེད་པ།
- mṛṣṭakukṣitā
Literally, “unwrinkled body;” fifty-ninth of the eighty minor marks.
Abide
- gnas
- གནས།
- adhitiṣṭhati
Abides in the sense field of infinite consciousness
- rnam shes mtha’ yas skye mched la gnas pa
- རྣམ་ཤེས་མཐའ་ཡས་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་ལ་གནས་པ།
- vijñānānantyāyatanaṃ viharati
Eighth of the eight sense fields of mastery. See also n.43.
Abides in the sense field of infinite space
- nam mkha’ mtha’ yas skye mched la gnas pa
- ནམ་མཁའ་མཐའ་ཡས་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་ལ་གནས་པ།
- ākāśānantyāyatanaṃ viharati
Seventh of the eight sense fields of mastery. See also n.43.
Abiding
- gnas pa
- གནས་པ།
- adhitiṣṭhan
Abiding in the Real Nature Without Mentation
- de bzhin nyid la gnas shing sems med pa
- དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་ལ་གནས་ཤིང་སེམས་མེད་པ།
- tathatāsthitaniścita
Name of the 108th meditative stability.
Abiding nature of all things
- chos rnams kyi chos gnas pa nyid
- ཆོས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་གནས་པ་ཉིད།
- dharmasthititā
A synonym for emptiness, and the expanse of reality (dharmadhātu).
Abiding nature of phenomena
- chos gnas pa nyid
- ཆོས་གནས་པ་ཉིད།
- dharmasthititā
A synonym for emptiness, and the expanse of reality (dharmadhātu).
Abiding of phenomena in the real nature
- de bzhin nyid du chos gnas pa
- དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་དུ་ཆོས་གནས་པ།
- tathatādharmasthiti
Abiding Without Mentation
- sems med par gnas pa
- སེམས་མེད་པར་གནས་པ།
- niścitta
Name of the seventy-third meditative stability.
Absence of distinguishing counterparts
- ldog pa
- ལྡོག་པ།
- vyāvṛtti
In Buddhist logic, the term “distinguishing counterpart” (vyāvṛtti, ldog pa) denotes a given phenomenon that conceptually appears to be the opposite of a phenomenon of a dissimilar class but is not actually existent, such as the idea of a specific form that appears in conceptual thought.
Absence of dogmatic assumptions
- mchog tu ’dzin pa med pa
- མཆོག་ཏུ་འཛིན་པ་མེད་པ།
- aparāmarśaṇatā
Absence of Joy with Respect to All Happiness and Suffering
- bde ba dang sdug bsngal thams cad la mngon par dga’ ba med pa
- བདེ་བ་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་མངོན་པར་དགའ་བ་མེད་པ།
- sarvasukhgaduḥkhanirabhinandī
Name of the ninety-third meditative stability.
Absolutely existent
- yang dag par yongs su grub pa
- ཡང་དག་པར་ཡོངས་སུ་གྲུབ་པ།
- pariniṣpanna
Absolutely void
- shin tu dben pa
- ཤིན་ཏུ་དབེན་པ།
- atyantavivikta
Absorb
- sdud par bgyid
- སྡུད་པར་བགྱིད།
- parigrahakaroti
Abundant in splendor
- dbang ’byor pa
- དབང་འབྱོར་པ།
- abhujiṣya
Accept
- khas len
- ཁས་ལེན།
- upaiti
Acceptance
- bzod pa
- བཟོད་པ།
- kṣānti
Third of the four aspects of the path of preparation.
Also translated here as “tolerance.”
Acceptance that phenomena are non-arising
- mi skye pa’i chos la bzod pa
- མི་སྐྱེ་པའི་ཆོས་ལ་བཟོད་པ།
- anutapattikadharmakṣānti
Accepted
- yongs su zin pa
- ཡོངས་སུ་ཟིན་པ།
- parigṛhīta
Also translated here as “favored.”
Accommodate
- go ’byed
- གོ་འབྱེད།
- avakāśa bhavati
Accumulation of All Attributes
- yon tan thams cad kyi tshogs su gyur pa
- ཡོན་ཏན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་སུ་གྱུར་པ།
- sarvaguṇasaṃcaya
Name of the seventy-second meditative stability.
Acquire the precepts on the basis of actual reality
- chos nyid kyis thob pa
- ཆོས་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་ཐོབ་པ།
- dharmatāpratilambhika
The acquisition of vows through direct insight into the nature of reality rather than through formal ceremony.
Acquisitiveness
- kun tu ’dzin pa’i sems
- yongs su ’dzin pa
- ཀུན་ཏུ་འཛིན་པའི་སེམས།
- ཡོངས་སུ་འཛིན་པ།
- āgrahacitta
- udgrahacitta
- parigraha
Actions (physical, verbal and mental) that are tainted with the inadmissible transgressions
- (lus kyi las dang ngag gi las dang yid kyi) las kha na ma tho ba dang bcas pa
- (ལུས་ཀྱི་ལས་དང་ངག་གི་ལས་དང་ཡིད་ཀྱི) ལས་ཁ་ན་མ་ཐོ་བ་དང་བཅས་པ།
- sāvadyasya kāyavāgmanaskarma
Actor
- byed pa po
- བྱེད་པ་པོ།
- kartṛ
Actualize
- mngon sum du byed
- mngon par grub
- མངོན་སུམ་དུ་བྱེད།
- མངོན་པར་གྲུབ།
- sākṣātkaroti
- abhinirvartate
- abhinirharati
Actualize formative predispositions
- ’du byed rnams mngon par ’du byed
- འདུ་བྱེད་རྣམས་མངོན་པར་འདུ་བྱེད།
- abhisaṃskārān abhisaṃskaroti
Adamantine meditative stability
- rdo rje lta bu’i ting nge ’dzin
- རྡོ་རྗེ་ལྟ་བུའི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན།
- vajropamasamādhi
Adamantine pristine cognition
- rdo rje lta bu’i ye shes
- རྡོ་རྗེ་ལྟ་བུའི་ཡེ་ཤེས།
- vajropamajñāna
Adopt the precepts
- yang dag pa blang
- ཡང་དག་པ་བླང་།
- samādānavirati
Advance courageously
- gnon
- གནོན།
- parākramate
Advantage
- phan yon
- ཕན་ཡོན།
- anuśaṃsā
Afflicted
- kun nas nyon mongs pa
- nyon mongs
- ཀུན་ནས་ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- saṃkleśika
- vihanyati
See “afflicted mental state.”
Afflicted mental state
- nyon mongs
- kun nas nyong mongs pa
- sems las byung ba’i nye ba’i nyon mongs pa
- ཉོན་མོངས།
- ཀུན་ནས་ཉོང་མོངས་པ།
- སེམས་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་ཉེ་བའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ།
- kleśa
- saṃkleśa
- caitasikopakleśa
The essentially pure nature of mind is obscured and afflicted by various psychological defilements known as the afflicted mental states, which destroy the mind’s peace and composure. Included among them are the primary afflictions of fundamental ignorance, attachment, aversion, pride, doubt, and twenty subsidiary afflictions.
Afraid and terrified (be)
- dngang la dngang par ’gyur
- དངང་ལ་དངང་པར་འགྱུར།
- saṃtrāsamāpatsyate
Afraid (be)
- dngang
- དངང་།
- saṃtrāsam apadyate
Afraid (will be)
- dngang bar ’gyur
- དངང་བར་འགྱུར།
- samtrāsam āpatsyate
Agent
- byed du ’jug pa po
- byed pa po
- བྱེད་དུ་འཇུག་པ་པོ།
- བྱེད་པ་པོ།
- kārāpaka
- kartṛ
Aggregate of consciousness
- rnam par shes pa’i phung po
- རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པའི་ཕུང་པོ།
- vijñānaskandha
Fifth of the five psycho-physical aggregates.
Aggregate of ethical discipline
- tshul khrims kyi phung po
- ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
- śīlaskandha
First of the five definitive aggregates.
Aggregate of feelings
- tshor ba’i phung po
- ཚོར་བའི་ཕུང་པོ།
- vedanāskandha
Second of the five psycho-physical aggregates.
Aggregate of formative predispositions
- ’du byed kyi phung po
- འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
- saṃskāraskandha
Fourth of the five psycho-physical aggregates.
Aggregate of liberation
- rnam par grol ba’i phung po
- རྣམ་པར་གྲོལ་བའི་ཕུང་པོ།
- vimuktiskandha
Fourth of the five definitive aggregates.
Aggregate of meditative stability
- ting nge ’dzin gyi phung po
- ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་གྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
- samādhiskandha
Second of the five definitive aggregates.
Aggregate of perceptions
- ’du shes kyi phung po
- འདུ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
- saṃjñāskandha
Third of the five psycho-physical aggregates.
Aggregate of physical forms
- gzugs kyi phung po
- གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
- rūpaskandha
First of the five psycho-physical aggregates.
Aggregate of the perception of liberating pristine cognition
- rnam par grol ba’i ye shes mthong ba’i phung po
- རྣམ་པར་གྲོལ་བའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་མཐོང་བའི་ཕུང་པོ།
- vimuktijñānadarśanaskandha
Fifth of the five definitive aggregates.
Aggregate of wisdom
- shes rab kyi phung po
- ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ།
- prajñāskandha
Third of the five definitive aggregates.
Agitation
- ’khrugs pa
- འཁྲུགས་པ།
- kṣobhaṇa
Agitation and regret
- rgod pa dang ’gyod pa
- རྒོད་པ་དང་འགྱོད་པ།
- auddhatyakaukṛtya
One of the five obscurations.
Alert
- shes bzhin can
- ཤེས་བཞིན་ཅན།
- saṃprajāna
Alertness
- shes bzhin
- ཤེས་བཞིན།
- samprajanya
Alien
- ’gyes pa
- འགྱེས་པ།
- parataḥ
Alienated (be)
- sems gzhan du ’gyur
- gzhan nyid du ’gyur
- སེམས་གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར།
- གཞན་ཉིད་དུ་འགྱུར།
- cittasyānyathā bhavati
- anyatvamāpadyate
All the activities of their bodies are preceded by pristine cognition and followed by pristine cognition
- lus kyi las thams cad ye shes sngon du ’gro zhing ye shes kyi rjes su ’brang ba
- ལུས་ཀྱི་ལས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྔོན་དུ་འགྲོ་ཞིང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲང་བ།
- sarvakāyakarmajñānapūrvagamaṃ jñānānuparivarti
Thirteenth or sixteenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
All the activities of their minds are preceded by pristine cognition and followed by pristine cognition
- yid kyi las thams cad ye shes sngon du ’gro zhing ye shes kyi rjes su ’brang ba
- ཡིད་ཀྱི་ལས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྔོན་དུ་འགྲོ་ཞིང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲང་བ།
- sarvamanaḥkarmajñānapūrvagamaṃ jñānānuparivarti
Fifteenth or eighteenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
All the activities of their speech are preceded by pristine cognition and followed by pristine cognition
- ngag gi las thams cad ye shes sngon du ’gro zhing ye shes kyi rjes su ’brang ba
- ངག་གི་ལས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྔོན་དུ་འགྲོ་ཞིང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲང་བ།
- sarvavākkarmajñānapūrvagamaṃ jñānānuparivarti
Fourteenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
Ally
- dpung gnyen
- དཔུང་གཉེན།
- parāyaṇa
Alms bowl
- lhung bzed
- ལྷུང་བཟེད།
- paṭapātra
Already
- phyis
- ཕྱིས།
- eva
Alteration
- gzhan du ’gyur ba
- གཞན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ།
- anyathātva
Amply curved shoulders
- dpung mgo shin tu zlum po
- དཔུང་མགོ་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཟླུམ་པོ།
- susaṃvṛtaskandhatā
Sixteenth of the thirty-two major marks.
Anabhraka
- sprin med
- mi che ba
- སྤྲིན་མེད།
- མི་ཆེ་བ།
- Anabhraka
Tenth god realm of form, meaning “cloudless.”
Anger
- khro ba
- ཁྲོ་བ།
- krodha
Animal realm
- dud ’gro
- དུད་འགྲོ།
- tīryag
Animalcule
- srin bu
- སྲིན་བུ།
- krimi
Ankles are inconspicuous
- long bu rnams mi mngon pa
- ལོང་བུ་རྣམས་མི་མངོན་པ།
- gūḍhagulphatā
Thirteenth of the eighty minor marks.
Annoyance
- ’tshig pa
- འཚིག་པ།
- pradāśa
Antigod
- lha ma yin
- ལྷ་མ་ཡིན།
- asura
A class of superhuman beings or demigods engendered and dominated by envy, ambition, and hostility, who are metaphorically described as being incessantly embroiled in a dispute with the gods over the possession of a magical tree.
Aparagodānīya
- ba glang spyod
- བ་གླང་སྤྱོད།
- Aparagodānīya
The western continent of the human world according to traditional Indian cosmology, characterized as “rich in the resources of cattle.”
Apathy
- mngon par mi brtson pa
- མངོན་པར་མི་བརྩོན་པ།
- nirabhiyoga
Aphorisms
- ched du brjod pa’i sde
- ཆེད་དུ་བརྗོད་པའི་སྡེ།
- udāna
Fifth of the twelve branches of the scriptures.
Appeasing of All Deviations and Obstacles
- ’gal ba dang ’gog pa med pa
- འགལ་བ་དང་འགོག་པ་མེད་པ།
- sarvanirodhavirodhasaṃpraśamana
Name of the ninety-eighth meditative stability.
Apperception
- rnam par rig pa
- རྣམ་པར་རིག་པ།
- vijjñapti
Application of mindfulness which, with regard to feelings, observes feelings
- tshor ba’i rjes su lta ba’i dran pa nye bar gzhag pa
- ཚོར་བའི་རྗེས་སུ་ལྟ་བའི་དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་གཞག་པ།
- vedanānupaśyīsmṛtyupasthāna
Second of the four applications of mindfulness. For a description see 8.14.
Application of mindfulness which, with regard to phenomena, observes phenomena
- chos kyi rjes su lta ba’i dran pa nye bar gzhag pa
- ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་ལྟ་བའི་དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་གཞག་པ།
- dharmānupaśyīsmṛtyupasthāna
Fourth of the four applications of mindfulness. For a description, see 8.16.
Application of mindfulness which, with regard to the mind, observes the mind
- sems kyi rjes su lta ba’i dran pa nye bar gzhag pa
- སེམས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་ལྟ་བའི་དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་གཞག་པ།
- cittānupaśyīsmṛtyupasthāna
Third of the four applications of mindfulness. For a description, see 8.15.
Application of mindfulness which, with regard to the physical body, observes the physical body
- lus kyi rjes su lta ba’i dran pa nye bar gzhag pa
- ལུས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་ལྟ་བའི་དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་གཞག་པ།
- kāyānupaśyīsmṛtyupasthāna
First of the four applications of mindfulness. For a description, see 8.13.
Applications of mindfulness
- dran pa nye bar gzhag pa
- དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་གཞག་པ།
- smṛtyupasthāna
Apprehended
- dmigs su yod pa
- དམིགས་སུ་ཡོད་པ།
- upalabdhya
- upalabdha
Apprehensible
- dmigs su yod pa
- དམིགས་སུ་ཡོད་པ།
- upalabdhya
- upalabdha
Apprehension
- dmigs pa
- དམིགས་པ།
- upalambha
Appropriate
- yongs su ’dzin
- ཡོངས་སུ་འཛིན།
- parigṛhṇāti
Apramāṇābha
- tshad med ’od
- ཚད་མེད་འོད།
- Apramāṇābha
Fifth god realm of form, meaning “immeasurable radiance.”
Apramāṇaśubha
- tshad med dge
- ཚད་མེད་དགེ
- Apramāṇaśubha
Eighth god realm of form, meaning “immeasurable virtue.”
Arapacana alphabet
- a ra pa tsa na
- ཨ་ར་པ་ཙ་ན།
- arapacana
The alphabet of the Kharoṣṭhī script, forming an important mnemonic incantation.
Arhat
- dgra bcom pa
- དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ།
- arhat
Fourth of the four fruits attainable by śrāvakas. One who has eliminated all afflicted mental states and personally ended the cycle of rebirth.