• The Collection
  • The Kangyur
  • Discipline
  • Chapters on Monastic Discipline

This rendering does not include the entire published text

The full text is available to download as pdf at:
https://read.84000.co/data/toh1-1_84000-the-chapter-on-going-forth.pdf

རབ་ཏུ་འབྱུང་བའི་གཞི།

The Chapter on Going Forth
Acknowledgements

Pravrajyāvastu
འདུལ་བ་གཞི་ལས། རབ་ཏུ་འབྱུང་བའི་གཞི།
’dul ba gzhi las/ rab tu ’byung ba’i gzhi
“The Chapter on Going Forth” from The Chapters on Monastic Discipline
Vinayavastu Pravrajyāvastu
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Toh 1-1

Degé Kangyur, vol. 1 (’dul ba, ka), folios 1.a–131.a

Translated by Robert Miller and team
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2018
Current version v 1.35.12 (2022)
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co.

Table of Contents

ti. Title
im. Imprint
co. Contents
s. Summary
ac. Acknowledgements
i. Introduction
+ 10 sections- 10 sections
· The Vinaya
· The Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya
· The Vinayavastu
· The Chapter on Going Forth
· Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana’s Spiritual Search
· The Rite of Admission into the Renunciant Order
· Admission Criteria
· Academic Work and Prior Translations
· The Language of Renunciation
· The Translation
tr. The Translation
+ 8 sections- 8 sections
p. Prologue
1. Śāriputra
+ 4 chapters- 4 chapters
· Śāriputra
· Going Forth
· Granting Ordination
+ 3 sections- 3 sections
· The Early Rite
+ 3 sections- 3 sections
· The postulant’s request
· The monk’s request
· Acting on the motion
· Preceptors and Instructors
· The Present Day Ordination Rite
+ 4 sections- 4 sections
· Giving the layperson’s vows and refuge precepts
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· How to give the layperson’s vows
· Pledging to keep the precepts
· Going forth
+ 3 sections- 3 sections
· Informing the saṅgha of the wish to go forth
· Requesting the preceptor
· Allowing the postulant’s going forth
· Becoming a novice
+ 3 sections- 3 sections
· Inducting the postulant into the novitiate
· Marking the time
· The novice investiture
· Granting ordination
+ 29 sections- 29 sections
· The opening occasion
· Requesting the preceptor
· Taking possession of robes that have already been cut and sewn
· Taking possession of robes that have not already been cut and sewn
· Displaying the begging bowl
· Taking possession of the begging bowl
· The privy advisor’s expression of willingness
· The motion to act as privy advisor
· The inquiry into private matters
· Reporting the findings
· The ordinand’s request for ordination
· The motion to ask about impediments before the saṅgha
· Inquiring into impediments before the Saṅgha
· The monk officiant’s request to ordain
· The motion to act
· Marking the time by the length of a shadow
· Explaining the different parts of the day and night
· Describing the length of the seasons
· Explaining the supports
· Explaining the offenses
· Explaining those things that constitute spiritual practice
· Announcing the perfect fulfillment of his greatest desire
· Enjoining him to practice the equally applicable ethical code
· Enjoining him to bond with his role model in the renunciant life
· Enjoining him to dwell in tranquility
· Enjoining him to carry out his obligations
· Informing him of what he must do to fully understand his unspoken commitments
· Enjoining him to heed what he reveres
· Enjoining him in the methods together with the instructions that should be practiced
· Querying Upasena
2. Tīrthikas
+ 3 chapters- 3 chapters
· Tīrthikas
· Twenty Years
· Novices Not Yet Fifteen
3. The Two Novices
+ 7 chapters- 7 chapters
· Two Novices
· Those in Servitude
· Debtors
· Those Without Consent
· Without Consultation
· Ill persons
· Śākyas
4. Scaring Away a Crow
+ 8 chapters- 8 chapters
· Scaring Away a Crow
· Violators
· Impostors
· Person labeled a paṇḍaka
· Creatures
+ 1 section- 1 section
· Saṅgharakṣita and the Shape-Shifting Nāga
+ 8 sections- 8 sections
· The shape-shifting nāga who finds faith in the Dharma
· Saṅgharakṣita brings the Buddha’s teachings to the land of the nāgas
· Saṅgharakṣita sees the effects of actions with his own eyes
· Saṅgharakṣita’s sermon leads five hundred seers to the truth
· Saṅgharakṣita leads an entourage of one thousand to the Buddha
· The Blessed One explains the causes for the sights Saṅgharakṣita has seen
· The Blessed One explains the reasons for Saṅgharakṣita’s good fortune
· The Blessed One explains the reasons for the shape-shifting nāga’s faith
· Tīrthikas
· Matricides
· Patricides
5. Killing an Arhat
+ 5 chapters- 5 chapters
· Killing an Arhat
· Causing a Schism in the Saṅgha
· Maliciously Drawing Blood from a Tathāgata
· Suffering One of the Four Defeats
· Three Types of Suspension
6. Persons whose hands have been cut off
+ 1 section- 1 section
· Persons whose hands have been cut off
c. Colophon
ap. An Outline of the Present Day Ordination Rite
ab. Abbreviations
n. Notes
b. Bibliography
+ 3 sections- 3 sections
· The Translated Text: “The Chapter on Going Forth”
· The Commentary to “The Chapter on Going Forth”
· Works Cited in Introduction and Endnotes
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· Tibetan and Sanskrit Reference Works
· Works Cited in English and Other Languages
g. Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

“The Chapter on Going Forth” is the first of seventeen chapters in The Chapters on Monastic Discipline, a four-volume work that outlines the statutes and procedures that govern life in a Buddhist monastic community. This first chapter traces the development of the rite by which postulants were admitted into the monastic order, from the Buddha Śākyamuni’s informal invitation to “Come, monk,” to the more elaborate “Present Day Rite.” Along the way, the posts of preceptor and instructor are introduced, their responsibilities defined, and a dichotomy between elders and immature novices described. While the heart of the chapter is a transcript of the “Present Day Rite,” the text is interwoven with numerous narrative asides, depicting the spiritual ferment of the north Indian region of Magadha during the Buddha’s lifetime, the follies of untrained and unsupervised apprentices, and the need for a formal system of tutelage.


ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

This translation was carried out from the Tibetan by Robert Miller with the guidance of Geshé Tséwang Nyima. Ven. Lhundup Damchö (Dr. Diana Finnegan) provided her draft translation of the extant Sanskrit portions of this chapter. Dr. Fumi Yao and Maurice Ozaine kindly identified numerous misspellings and mistakes in the glossaries. Both Ven. Damchö and Dr. Yao generously shared their extensive knowledge of the Mūlasarvāstivādin Vinaya and furnished invaluable assistance in researching the translation. Matthew Wuethrich served as style consultant and editor.

The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.


ac.­2

The generous sponsorship of Zhou Tian Yu, Chen Yi Qin, Irene Tillman, Archie Kao, and Zhou Xun, which helped make the work on this translation possible, is most gratefully acknowledged.


i.

Introduction

The Vinaya

i.­1

According to traditional accounts, after the Buddha had entered parinirvāṇa, the elder Kāśyapa proposed that the Blessed One’s teachings be recited for posterity. During the rains retreat at Rājagṛha that followed, Kāśyapa asked the venerable Upāli to recall the Buddha’s pronouncements on monastic discipline and the venerable Ānanda to recite the Buddha’s discourses. One hundred years later, a second council was convened at Vaiśālī to resolve disagreements that had arisen in relation to the code of monastic discipline, or vinaya.1

The Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya

The Vinayavastu

The Translation

Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana’s Spiritual Search

The Rite of Admission into the Renunciant Order

Admission Criteria

Academic Work and Prior Translations

The Language of Renunciation

The Translation


The Translation
The Chapters on Monastic Discipline
The Chapter on Going Forth

p.

Prologue

[F.1.b]


p.­1
In the language of India, this scripture is called Vinayavastu.
In the language of Tibet, it is called Dulwa Shi. [B1]
p.­2
Homage to the Three Jewels.
p.­3
Homage to him who severed the bonds,
Destroyed the whole host of tīrthikas,
Vanquished the armies of Māra,
And thus discovered this awakening.
p.­4
At first to renounce a householder’s concerns and go forth is hard.
For a hedonist to be happy among renunciants is hard.
For the joyful set on perfection to act perfectly is hard.
For a learned wearer of the saffron robes to fall is hard.

1.

Śāriputra

1.­1
The Śāriputra section is told over five chapters:
Śāriputra, going forth, refuge, a summary of Upasena’s collection, and a summary of the fives.

Śāriputra

1.­2

While the Bodhisattva was dwelling in the Abode of Tuṣita, the King of Aṅga ruled over the lands of Aṅga. Under his rule, the kingdom prospered and thrived, crops were bountiful and the land teemed with animals and people. Meanwhile, King Mahāpadma ruled over the lands of Magadha. Under his rule, the kingdom prospered and thrived, crops were bountiful and the land teemed with animals and people. At times, the King of Aṅga and his armies were dominant. At other times, King Mahāpadma and his armies were dominant.

Going Forth

Granting Ordination

The Early Rite

The postulant’s request

The monk’s request

Acting on the motion

Preceptors and Instructors

The Present Day Ordination Rite

Giving the layperson’s vows and refuge precepts

How to give the layperson’s vows

Pledging to keep the precepts

Going forth

Informing the saṅgha of the wish to go forth

Requesting the preceptor

Allowing the postulant’s going forth

Becoming a novice

Inducting the postulant into the novitiate

Marking the time

The novice investiture

Granting ordination

The opening occasion

Requesting the preceptor

Taking possession of robes that have already been cut and sewn

Taking possession of robes that have not already been cut and sewn

Displaying the begging bowl

Taking possession of the begging bowl

The privy advisor’s expression of willingness

The motion to act as privy advisor

The inquiry into private matters

Reporting the findings

The ordinand’s request for ordination

The motion to ask about impediments before the saṅgha

Inquiring into impediments before the Saṅgha

The monk officiant’s request to ordain

The motion to act

Marking the time by the length of a shadow

Explaining the different parts of the day and night

Describing the length of the seasons

Explaining the supports

Explaining the offenses

Explaining those things that constitute spiritual practice

Announcing the perfect fulfillment of his greatest desire

Enjoining him to practice the equally applicable ethical code

Enjoining him to bond with his role model in the renunciant life

Enjoining him to dwell in tranquility

Enjoining him to carry out his obligations

Informing him of what he must do to fully understand his unspoken commitments

Enjoining him to heed what he reveres

Enjoining him in the methods together with the instructions that should be practiced

Querying Upasena


2.

Tīrthikas

2.­1

A summary:

Tīrthikas, twenty years, and
Novices not yet fifteen.

Tīrthikas

2.­2

[F.72.a] The Blessed Buddha was staying at Jetavana, Anāthapiṇḍada’s Park near Śrāvastī, when an elder who was immature, dense, dim-witted, and unskilled allowed a follower of another tīrthika tradition to go forth. The elder granted the tīrthika ordination, sparking a number of disputes between monks. After the tīrthika had offered back his training and returned to his community of tīrthikas, the monks asked the Blessed One about it. This is how he responded: “Monks, look at how that benighted man has turned his back on such a fine and well-proclaimed Dharma and Vinaya and returned to his community of tīrthikas. Monks, it seems to me he is behaving like a dog, wracked by hunger, but refusing fine food and fare and eating excrement instead. Monks, this is how a benighted man acts who turns his back on such a fine and well-proclaimed Dharma and Vinaya and returns to his former community of tīrthikas.”

Twenty Years

Novices Not Yet Fifteen


3.

The Two Novices

3.­1

A summary:

The chapters are of two novices,
Those in servitude, debtors,
Those without consent,
Without consultation, ill persons, and the Śākyas.

Two Novices

3.­2

The Blessed Buddha was staying at Jetavana, Anāthapiṇḍada’s Park near Śrāvastī, when two of Upananda’s novices, Kaṇṭaka and Mahaka, flirted with, groped, and tickled one another. They acted as a man does with a woman, or as a woman does with a man. Once, when they were behaving like this, the monks asked the Blessed One about it, and the Blessed One thought, “All those shortcomings ensue from monks placing two novices together.”

Those in Servitude

Debtors

Those Without Consent

Without Consultation

Ill persons

Śākyas


4.

Scaring Away a Crow

4.­1

A summary:

Scaring away a crow, violators,
Impostors, person labeled a paṇḍaka,
Creatures, tīrthikas,
Matricides, and patricides.

Scaring Away a Crow

4.­2

The Blessed Buddha was staying at Jetavana, Anāthapiṇḍada’s Park near Śrāvastī, when the ignorant Virūḍhaka had slaughtered the Śākya inhabitants of Kapilavastu, although they had not been aggressive, antagonistic, or thieving. The two sons of the venerable Ānanda’s younger sister were left orphaned, and were wandering aimlessly when traders from Śrāvastī on their way to Kapilavastu on business recognized the two good-looking lads and asked, “Boys, where are your parents?”

Violators

Impostors

Person labeled a paṇḍaka

Creatures

Saṅgharakṣita and the Shape-Shifting Nāga

The shape-shifting nāga who finds faith in the Dharma

Saṅgharakṣita brings the Buddha’s teachings to the land of the nāgas

Saṅgharakṣita sees the effects of actions with his own eyes

Saṅgharakṣita’s sermon leads five hundred seers to the truth

Saṅgharakṣita leads an entourage of one thousand to the Buddha

The Blessed One explains the causes for the sights Saṅgharakṣita has seen

The Blessed One explains the reasons for Saṅgharakṣita’s good fortune

The Blessed One explains the reasons for the shape-shifting nāga’s faith

Tīrthikas

Matricides

Patricides


5.

Killing an Arhat

5.­1

A summary:

Killing an arhat, causing a schism in the saṅgha,
Maliciously drawing blood, and
Suffering one of the four defeats
And three types of suspension.

Killing an Arhat

5.­2

The Blessed Buddha was staying at Jetavana, Anāthapiṇḍada’s Park near Śrāvastī. When, in the thick of Yaṣṭī Grove, the Blessed One established in the truths the King of Magadha, Bimbisāra of the Guilds, along with 80,000 gods and hundreds of thousands of Magadhan brahmins and householders, Bimbisāra had the bells rung throughout his land and this pronouncement was read: “No one shall steal in my lands. If anyone does so, I will banish them and provide recompense from my own stores and treasury.”

Causing a Schism in the Saṅgha

Maliciously Drawing Blood from a Tathāgata

Suffering One of the Four Defeats

Three Types of Suspension


6.

Persons whose hands have been cut off

6.­1

An index:

Persons whose hands have been cut off, persons whose legs have been cut off,
Persons with hands of webbed fingers,
Persons with no lips, persons whose bodies have been branded, scarred by a whip, or tattooed,
The very old, the very young,
Persons with mobility impairment, persons with degenerative nerve disorders, persons missing an eye,
Persons whose hands have been cut off, persons with kyphosis, persons of restricted growth,
Persons with goiters, persons with a speech impairment, persons with a hearing impairment,
Persons who use mobility aids, persons with elephantiasis,
Persons worn out by women, persons worn out by burdens,
Persons worn out by the road,
Persons with malabsorption syndromes, and persons with chronic fatigue.
The great seer forbade
People such as this.198
Knowing all, the Perfectly Awakened One,
Whose name denotes truth, proclaimed
That going forth is for the beautiful
And ordination for the pure.

Persons whose hands have been cut off


c.

Colophon

c.­1

This was translated by the Kashmiri preceptor Sarvajñādeva, the Indian preceptor Vidyākaraprabha, the Kashmiri preceptor Dharmākara, and the translator Bandé Palgyi Lhünpo. It was then revised and finalized by the Indian preceptor Vidyākaraprabha and the managing editor-translator, Bandé Paltsek.201


ap.
Appendix

An Outline of the Present Day Ordination Rite

ap1.­1
Giving the Layperson’s Vows and Refuge Precepts

How to Give the Layperson’s Vows

Pledging to Keep the Precepts

Going Forth

Informing the Saṅgha of the Wish to Go Forth

Asking the Preceptor

Allowing the Postulant’s Going Forth

Becoming a Novice

Inducting the Postulant into the Novitiate

Marking the Time

Pledging to Keep the Novice Precepts

The Novice Investiture

Granting Ordination

The Opening Occasion

Asking the Preceptor

Sanction for Robes That Have Already Been Cut and Sewn

Sanction for Robes That Have Not Already Been Cut and Sewn

Displaying the Begging Bowl

Sanction for the Begging Bowl

Seeking the Cooperation of the Privy Advisor

Asking the Saṅgha for an Inquiry into Private Matters

The Inquiry into Private Matters

Reporting the Findings

The Ordinand’s Asking for Ordination

The Act to Ask About Impediments Before the Saṅgha

Inquiring into Impediments Before the Saṅgha

The Monk Officiant’s Asking to Ordain

The Motion to Act

Marking the Time by the Length of a Shadow

Explaining the Different Parts of the Day and Night

Describing the Length of the Seasons

Explaining the Supports

Explaining the Offenses

Explaining Those Things That Constitute Spiritual Practice

Announcing the Perfect Fulfillment of His Greatest Desire

Enjoining Him to Practice the Equally Applicable Ethical Code

Enjoining Him to Bond with His Role Model in the Renunciant Life

Enjoining Him to Dwell in Tranquility

Enjoining Him to Carry Out His Obligations

Informing Him of What He Must Do to Fully Understand His Unspoken Commitments

Enjoining Him to Heed What He Reveres

Enjoining Him in How He Must Practice


ab.

Abbreviations

C Choné
D Degé
H Lhasa (Shöl)
J Lithang
K Beijing Kangxi
KY Yongle
N Narthang
S Stok Palace Manuscript

n.

Notes

n.­1
For a summary in English of the First and Second Councils and the subsequent schism in the saṅgha as recounted in The Chapters on Monastic Discipline, see Rockhill (1907, 148–80). For modern scholarship on the councils and the compiling of the Buddhist canon, see Prebish (1974) and Skilling (2009).
n.­2
See Nattier and Prebish (1977) on the rise of the different schools, with references to both traditional sources and modern scholarship.
n.­3
On the history, dating, and geographical distribution of the Mūlasarvāstivādins and their relation to other schools (especially the Sarvāstivādins), see Frauwallner (1956), Nattier and Prebish (1977), Enomoto (1994), Rosenfeld (2006), Salomon (2006), and Clarke (2004a and forthcoming). The six complete extant codes are the Sarvāstivādin’s Ten Recitations in Chinese with fragmentary Sanskrit; the Mūlasarvāstivādin’s Collection of Four Scriptures in Tibetan and partial Sanskrit and Chinese; the Theravādin’s canonical Suttavibhaṅga, Khandhaka, and Appendices (Parivāra) and paracanonical Pātimokkha and Kammavācanā in Pali; the Dharmaguptaka’s Four Part Vinaya in Chinese and partial Sanskrit; the Mahīśāsaka’s Five Part Vinaya in Chinese; and the Mahāsāṃghika’s Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya in Chinese. See Clarke (2004a, 77–78) and Prebish (2003).
n.­4
The Vinayavastu (Toh 1), the Prātimokṣasūtra (Toh 2), the Vinayavibhaṅga (Toh 3), the Bhikṣuṇī Prātimokṣasūtra (Toh 4), the Bhikṣuṇī Vinayavibhaṅga (Toh 5), the Kṣudrakavastu (Toh 6), and two versions of the Uttaragrantha‍—the incomplete ’dul ba gzhung bla ma (Toh 7) and the complete ’dul ba gzhung dam pa (Toh 7a). For more on the Uttaragrantha (’dul ba gzhung dam pa and ’dul ba gzhung bla ma), see Kishino (2007, 1221, and 2013) and Clarke (2012).
n.­5
The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya differs significantly in its structure from the other extant vinayas. See Frauwallner (1956) and Clarke (2004a).
n.­6
See Finnegan (2009, 10–28), for an overview of the history, language, and role of narrative in the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya. For readers of German, see Panglung (1981). In English, see also Schopen (2000, 94–99) and, for reference to the inclusion of narrative and sūtra in the Pali vinaya, see von Hinüber (1996).
n.­7
See Heirman (2008) and Kishino (2013) for Yijing and his translations into Chinese.
n.­8
See Rotman (2008, 15–30) for a discussion of the Divyāvadāna and the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, and Rotman (2008) and (2017) for English translations of portions of the text.
n.­198
See the Vinayakṣudraka for further conditions that disqualify a person from ordination.
n.­201
This colophon does not actually appear until the end of the entire Vinayavastu (Degé, vol. 4 (’dul ba, nga), folio 302.a). It has been inserted here for ease of reference.

b.

Bibliography

The Translated Text: “The Chapter on Going Forth”

rab tu ’byung ba’i gzhi (Pravrajyā­vastu). Toh 1, ch. 1, Degé Kangyur, vol. 1 (’dul ba, ka), folios 1.a–131.a.

rab tu ’byung ba’i gzhi. bka’ ’gyur (dpe sdur ma) [“Pedurma” Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–2009, vol. 1, pp. 3–308 and pp. 722–67.

Vogel, Claus and Klaus Wille (1984). “Some Hitherto Unidentified Fragments of the Pravrajyā­vastu Portion of the Vinaya­vastu Manuscript Found Near Gilgit,” in Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1–41. Göttingen: Philologisch-Historische Klasse, 1984.

‍—‍—‍—(1992). “Some More Fragments of the Pravrajyā­vastu Portion of the Vinaya­vastu Manuscript Found Near Gilgit: Part 1: Saṅgha­rakṣitāvadāna,” in Sanskrit-Texte aus dem buddhistischen Kanon: Neuentdeckungen und Neueditionen III, edited by Heinz Bechert et al, 65–109. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1992.

‍—‍—‍—(1996a). “The Final Leaves of the Pravrajyā­vastu Portion of the Vinaya­vastu Manuscript Found Near Gilgit: Part 1: Saṅgha­rakṣitāvadāna,” in Sanskrit-Texte aus dem buddhistischen Kanon: Neuentdeckungen und Neueditionen III, edited by G. Bongard-Levin et al, 241–96. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996a.

‍—‍—‍—(1996b). “The Final Leaves of the Pravrajyā­vastu Portion of the Vinaya­vastu Manuscript Found Near Gilgit. Part 2. Nāga­kumārāvadāna and a Kučā Fragment of the Upa­sampadā Section of the Sarvāstivādins,” in Sanskrit-Texte aus dem buddhistischen Kanon: Neuentdeckungen und Neueditionen IV, edited by J. Ching et al, 11–76. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996b.

The Commentary to “The Chapter on Going Forth”

Ācārya Kalyāṇamitra. ’dul ba gzhi rgya cher ’grel ba (Vinaya­vastu­ṭīkā, “An Extensive Commentary on the Chapters on Monastic Discipline”). Toh 4113, Degé Tengyur, vol. 156 (’dul ba, tsu), folios 177.b–326.b.

Works Cited in Introduction and Endnotes

Tibetan and Sanskrit Reference Works

’dul ba rnam par ’byed pa (Vinaya­vibhaṅga, “An Analysis of Monastic Discipline”). Toh 2, Degé Kangyur, vols. 5–9 (’dul ba, ca–nya).

Bagchi, Sitansusekhar. Mūla­sarvāstivāda­vinaya­vastu, 2 vols. Darbhanga: Mithila Research Institute, 1970.

Dungkar Losang Trinlé (dung dkar blo bzang phrin las). dung dkar bod rig pa’i tshig mdzod chen mo (“Dungkar’s Complete Tibetological Dictionary”). Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2002.

Dutt, Nalinaksha. Gilgit Manuscripts, vol. III, part I–IV. Calcutta: Calcutta Oriental Press, 1939–59.

Guṇaprabha. ’dul ba’i mdo’i ’grel pa mngon par brjod pa rang gi rnam par bshad pa (Vinaya­sūtra­vṛttyabhi­dhāna­sva­vyākhyāna, “An Autocommentary to the Vinayasūtra”). Toh 4119. Degé Tengyur, vols. 160 and 161 (’dul ba, zhu and zu), folios 1.a–274.a.

Jinamitra and Lui Gyaltsen (klu’i rgyal mtshan, trans.). ’dul ba rnam par ’byed pa’i tshig rnam par bshad pa (Vinaya­vibhaṅga­pada­vyākhyāna, “An Explanation of the Words of the Vinaya­vibhaṅga”). Toh 4114. Degé Tengyur, vol. 157 (’dul ba, tshu), folios 1.a–207.b.7.

Khetsun Zangpo (mkhas btsun bzang po). bdag cag rnams kyi ston mchog don kun grub pa dang de’i rjes ’jug rgya gar pan grub mang po’i rnam par thar pa ngo mtshar padmo’i ’dzum zhal gsar du bzhad pa (“A Biographical Dictionary of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism, Volume One: The Arhats, Siddhas, and Paṇḍitas of India”). Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1973.

Mipham Gyatso (mi pham rgya mtsho). mkhas pa’i tshul la ’jug pa’i sgo zhes bya ba’i bstan bcos (“Gateway to Knowledge”). In dkar rnying gi skyes chen du ma’i phyag rdzogs kyi gdams ngag gnad bsdus nyer mkho rin po che’i gter mdzod, vol. 25, pp. 1–469. BDRC W20749. Darjeeling: Kargyu Sungrab Nyamso Khang, 1978–85.

Negi, J. Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary, Vols. 1–16. Sarnath: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, 1993–2005.

Nordrang, Orgyan (nor brang, o rgyan). gangs can rig brgya’i chos kyi rnam grangs mthong tshad kun las btus pa ngo mtshar ’phrul gyi sde mig chen po (“A Great and Wondrous Key: A Compendium of All the Enumerations from the Snow Land’s One Hundred Fields of Knowledge”), vols. 1-3. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2008.

Nyima, Geshé Tsewang (dge bshes tshe dbang nyi ma). dam chos ’dul ba gtso gyur gyi gzhung sne mang las btus pa’i tshig mdzod mun sel sgron me (“A Lamp to Dispel Darkness: A Dictionary Drawing on a Variety of Texts but Focusing on the Sublime Vinaya”). Taipei: The Corporate Body of the Buddha Educational Foundation, 2009.

Tāranātha (I). dam pa’i chos rin po che ’phags pa’i yul du ji ltar dar ba’i tshul (“How the Sublime and Precious Dharma Spread in the Land of the Āryas”). In jo nang rje btsun ta’a ra na’a tha’i gsung ’bum dpe bsdur ma, vol. 75, pp. 1–270. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2007. For English translation, see Chimpa (1990).

‍—‍—‍—(II). bcom ldan ’das thub pa’i dbang po’i mdzad pa mdo tsam brjod pa mthong bas don ldan rab tu dga’ ba dang bcas pas dad pa’i nyin byed phyogs brgyar ’char ba (“The Sun of Confidence That Brings Meaning and Joy On Sight and Illuminates All Directions, a Brief Account of the Deeds of the Blessed Śākyamuni”). In gsung ’bum, vol. 12. Leh: C. Namgyal and Tsewang Taru, 1982-1987.

Mahāvyutpatti, bye brag rtogs byed chen po (“The Great Glossary”). Toh 4346, Degé Tengyur vol. 306 (sna tshogs, co), folios 1b–131a; also Sakaki, Ryozaburo, ed. (1916–25); reprint, 1965; and Delhi: Tibetan Religious and Cultural Publication Centre (bod gzhung shes rig dpe khang), 2000.

Viśeṣamitra (khyad par bshes gnyen). ’dul ba bsdus pa (Vinaya­saṁgraha, “A Summary of the Vinaya”). Degé Tengyur, vol. 151 (’dul ba, nu), folios 88.a–268.a.

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g.

Glossary

g.­1

Abandoned the five branches

  • yan lag lnga spangs pa
  • ཡན་ལག་ལྔ་སྤངས་པ།
  • —

Buddhas have abandoned five branches or factors that perpetuate saṃsāra: pursuing desires, ill will, lethargy and languor, regret and agitation, and view and doubt.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­280
g.­2

Abode of Tuṣita

  • dga’ ldan gyi gnas
  • དགའ་ལྡན་གྱི་གནས།
  • Tuṣitabhavana

One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, counted among the six heavens of the desire realm, it is home of future Buddha Maitreya.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­10

Links to further resources:

  • 66 related glossary entries
g.­3

Abscesses

  • shu ba
  • ཤུ་བ།
  • dardgu

Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.

See also n.­125.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­540
  • 1.­568
g.­7

Act

  • las
  • ལས།
  • karman

Matters that govern the saṅgha community’s daily life, regular observances (such as the rains retreat and the purification) and special events (like ordination) are ratified by a formal act of the saṅgha. There are one hundred and one such types of formal acts, all of which fall into one of three categories depending on the procedure needed for ratification. An act of motion alone requires only a motion; an act whose second member is a motion require a motion and the statement of the act; while an act whose fourth member is a motion require a motion and three statements of the act.

23 passages contain this term:

  • i.­9
  • p.­5
  • 1.­426
  • 1.­433
  • 1.­513
  • 1.­514
  • 1.­636
  • 5.­23
  • ap1.­1
  • n.­89
  • n.­192
  • g.­11
  • g.­14
  • g.­15
  • g.­60
  • g.­101
  • g.­172
  • g.­241
  • g.­263
  • g.­304
  • g.­305
  • g.­326
  • g.­329

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­13

Act of suspension

  • gnas nas dbyung ba’i las
  • གནས་ནས་དབྱུང་བའི་ལས།
  • utkṣepaṇīyakarman

One of five types of disciplinary acts meted out by the saṅgha. A monk may be suspended on one of seven grounds: failing to acknowledge an offense; refusing to amend or rehabilitate one’s behavior; deviant views; being overly belligerent and quarrelsome; creating the circumstances for a quarrel; maintaining overly close relations with nuns, unruly people, and ne’er-do-wells; and refusing to let go of a Dharma matter that has been peacefully resolved.

8 passages contain this term:

  • i.­9
  • p.­5
  • 1.­636
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­24
  • n.­197
  • g.­96
  • g.­101
g.­27

Ānanda

  • kun dga’
  • ཀུན་དགའ།
  • Ānanda

The Buddha’s nephew and attendant who recited the Buddha’s sūtra discourses from memory after the Buddha passed.

32 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • 1.­664
  • 1.­665
  • 1.­666
  • 1.­667
  • 1.­670
  • 1.­671
  • 1.­672
  • 2.­15
  • 2.­17
  • 2.­18
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­4
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­11
  • 4.­13
  • 4.­14
  • 4.­15
  • 4.­16
  • 4.­20
  • 4.­22
  • 4.­25
  • 4.­28
  • 4.­30
  • 4.­63
  • 4.­64
  • 4.­80
  • 4.­82

Links to further resources:

  • 78 related glossary entries
g.­30

Anāthapiṇḍada’s Park

  • mgon med zas sbyin gyi kun dga’ ra ba
  • མགོན་མེད་ཟས་སྦྱིན་གྱི་ཀུན་དགའ་ར་བ།
  • Anāthapiṇḍadārāma

Known also as Jetavana, this was an important early site for the Buddha’s growing community. Anāthapiṇḍada, a wealthy patron of the Buddha, purchased the park, located outside Śrāvasti, at great cost, purportedly covering the ground with gold, and donated it to the saṅgha. It was there that the Buddha spent several rainy seasons and gave discourses there that were later recorded as sūtras. It was also the site for one of the first Buddhist monasteries.

21 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­641
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­13
  • 2.­22
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­20
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­48
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­85
  • 4.­101
  • 4.­113
  • 4.­243
  • 4.­330
  • 4.­340
  • 4.­379
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­24
  • 6.­2
  • g.­180

Links to further resources:

  • 14 related glossary entries
g.­32

Aṅga

  • ang ga
  • ཨང་ག
  • Aṅga

A kingdom on the southern bank of the Ganges (in modern day Bihar and Bengal) whose influence waned during the life of Śākyamūni Buddha at the hands of the kings of Magadha. Its capital was at Campā.

7 passages contain this term:

  • i.­16
  • 1.­2
  • 1.­4
  • 1.­47
  • 1.­48
  • 1.­116
  • g.­67

Links to further resources:

  • 6 related glossary entries
g.­34

Apprentice

  • lhan cig gnas pa
  • ལྷན་ཅིག་གནས་པ།
  • sārdhaṃvihārin

A junior monk who lives with and under the guidance of a senior monk.

28 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • 1.­630
  • 1.­631
  • 1.­632
  • 1.­633
  • 1.­634
  • 1.­635
  • 1.­636
  • 1.­637
  • 1.­638
  • 1.­639
  • 1.­640
  • 1.­649
  • 1.­652
  • 1.­653
  • 1.­654
  • 1.­659
  • 1.­660
  • 4.­185
  • 4.­360
  • 4.­400
  • 4.­415
  • 4.­416
  • 6.­2
  • n.­42
  • n.­151
  • g.­315
  • g.­327

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­52

Bimbisāra

  • gzugs can snying po
  • གཟུགས་ཅན་སྙིང་པོ།
  • Bimbisāra

The king of Magadha and a great patron of Śākyamūni Buddha. His birth coincided with the Buddha’s. His father, mistakenly attributing the brilliant light that marked the Buddha’s birth to the birth of his son by Queen Bimbī (Goldie), named him ‘Essence of Gold.’

40 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­13
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­16
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­19
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­26
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­34
  • 1.­37
  • 1.­39
  • 1.­40
  • 1.­41
  • 1.­42
  • 1.­44
  • 1.­45
  • 1.­46
  • 1.­47
  • 1.­48
  • 1.­70
  • 1.­74
  • 1.­107
  • 1.­110
  • 1.­183
  • 1.­184
  • 1.­185
  • 1.­187
  • 1.­276
  • 5.­2
  • g.­18
  • g.­44
  • g.­51
  • g.­186
  • g.­199
  • g.­205
  • g.­222
  • g.­248
  • g.­463

Links to further resources:

  • 17 related glossary entries
g.­61

Bowl

  • ril ba
  • རིལ་བ།
  • bhājana

An implement used by brahmins for pūjā.

53 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­67
  • 1.­104
  • 1.­286
  • 1.­287
  • 1.­313
  • 1.­315
  • 1.­317
  • 1.­321
  • 1.­359
  • 1.­388
  • 1.­389
  • 1.­390
  • 1.­407
  • 1.­454
  • 1.­471
  • 1.­500
  • 1.­501
  • 1.­502
  • 1.­503
  • 1.­506
  • 1.­522
  • 1.­557
  • 1.­580
  • 1.­581
  • 1.­628
  • 1.­630
  • 1.­631
  • 1.­642
  • 1.­643
  • 1.­668
  • 2.­28
  • 3.­11
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­25
  • 3.­32
  • 3.­54
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­64
  • 4.­152
  • 4.­196
  • 4.­218
  • 4.­224
  • 4.­230
  • 4.­233
  • 4.­288
  • 4.­291
  • 4.­298
  • 4.­299
  • 4.­325
  • 4.­334
  • 6.­6
  • ap1.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­72

Chapter

  • gzhi
  • གཞི།
  • vastu

59 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­6
  • i.­8
  • i.­9
  • i.­10
  • i.­11
  • i.­12
  • i.­14
  • i.­16
  • i.­17
  • i.­20
  • i.­27
  • i.­28
  • i.­31
  • i.­32
  • i.­33
  • i.­35
  • i.­41
  • i.­45
  • i.­46
  • i.­47
  • i.­48
  • p.­5
  • p.­6
  • 1.­1
  • 3.­1
  • 4.­58
  • n.­14
  • n.­15
  • n.­16
  • n.­17
  • n.­18
  • n.­19
  • n.­20
  • n.­21
  • n.­22
  • n.­27
  • n.­28
  • n.­37
  • n.­50
  • n.­52
  • n.­53
  • n.­66
  • n.­68
  • n.­110
  • n.­130
  • n.­182
  • n.­192
  • n.­196
  • n.­197
  • g.­128
  • g.­184
  • g.­215
  • g.­270
  • g.­315
  • g.­326
  • g.­327
  • g.­366
  • g.­370
g.­76

“Come, monk.”

  • dge slong tshur shog gi bsnyen par rdzogs pa
  • དགེ་སློང་ཚུར་ཤོག་གི་བསྙེན་པར་རྫོགས་པ།
  • ehibhikṣukā upasaṃpadā

The informal ordination first employed by the Buddha.

9 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­12
  • i.­20
  • i.­41
  • 1.­313
  • 1.­359
  • 1.­421
  • 4.­288
  • n.­116

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­91

Defeat

  • pham pa
  • ཕམ་པ།
  • pārājika

The most severe of the five types of offenses a monk can incur. It cannot be expunged and results in the monk’s defrocking, unless the saṅgha sees fit to allow him to engage in rehabilitory training.

18 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­66
  • 1.­103
  • 1.­533
  • 1.­563
  • 1.­603
  • 1.­605
  • 1.­607
  • 1.­609
  • 1.­610
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­22
  • 5.­23
  • n.­122
  • n.­131
  • g.­131
  • g.­199
  • g.­280
  • g.­348

Links to further resources:

  • 3 related glossary entries
g.­97

Dharmākara

  • dharmA ka ra
  • དྷརྨཱ་ཀ་ར།
  • Dharmākara

Butön includes the Kashmiri preceptor Dharmākara in his list of ninety-three paṇḍitas invited to Tibet to assist in the translation of the Buddhist scriptures. Tāranātha dates Dharmākara to the rule of *Vanapāla, son of Dharmapāla. With Paltsek, he translated two of Kalyāṇamitra’s works on Vinaya, the Vinayapraśnakārikā (’dul ba dri ba’i tshig le’ur byas pa, Toh 4134, Degé Tengyur, vol. SU, folios 70.b.3–74.b.5) and the Vinayapraśnaṭīkā (’dul ba dri ba rgya cher ’grel pa, Toh 4135, Degé Tengyur, vol. SU, folios 74.b.5–132.a.2).

2 passages contain this term:

  • i.­6
  • c.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 3 related glossary entries
g.­114

Elder

  • gnas brtan
  • གནས་བརྟན།
  • sthavira

A monk who possesses the qualities of stability and skill.

40 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • i.­24
  • 1.­621
  • 1.­648
  • 1.­664
  • 1.­666
  • 1.­671
  • 2.­2
  • 4.­15
  • 4.­16
  • 4.­25
  • 4.­87
  • 4.­89
  • 4.­90
  • 4.­92
  • 4.­93
  • 4.­95
  • 4.­96
  • 4.­118
  • 4.­132
  • 4.­133
  • 4.­148
  • 4.­160
  • 4.­161
  • 4.­299
  • 4.­301
  • 4.­302
  • 4.­374
  • 4.­375
  • 4.­376
  • 4.­377
  • 4.­378
  • 4.­415
  • 4.­416
  • 4.­417
  • 4.­419
  • 4.­420
  • 4.­421
  • n.­151

Links to further resources:

  • 13 related glossary entries
g.­116

Elephantiasis

  • rkang ’bam
  • རྐང་འབམ།
  • ślīpadin

A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.

4 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­540
  • 1.­568
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­9
g.­149

Go forth

  • rab tu ’byung ba
  • རབ་ཏུ་འབྱུང་བ།
  • pravrajati

To leave the life of a householder and embrace the life of a wandering, renunciant follower of the Buddha.

139 passages contain this term:

  • i.­21
  • i.­37
  • p.­4
  • 1.­133
  • 1.­137
  • 1.­195
  • 1.­198
  • 1.­211
  • 1.­212
  • 1.­216
  • 1.­219
  • 1.­220
  • 1.­221
  • 1.­262
  • 1.­263
  • 1.­275
  • 1.­276
  • 1.­289
  • 1.­305
  • 1.­328
  • 1.­361
  • 1.­387
  • 1.­388
  • 1.­389
  • 1.­390
  • 1.­393
  • 1.­399
  • 1.­400
  • 1.­405
  • 1.­406
  • 1.­407
  • 1.­413
  • 1.­414
  • 1.­418
  • 1.­419
  • 1.­421
  • 1.­423
  • 1.­426
  • 1.­431
  • 1.­434
  • 1.­446
  • 1.­448
  • 1.­450
  • 1.­618
  • 1.­648
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­3
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­5
  • 2.­6
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­24
  • 2.­25
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­32
  • 2.­33
  • 2.­34
  • 3.­4
  • 3.­5
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­14
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­19
  • 3.­21
  • 3.­22
  • 3.­27
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­29
  • 3.­34
  • 3.­36
  • 3.­37
  • 3.­44
  • 3.­45
  • 3.­46
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­56
  • 3.­61
  • 3.­62
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­75
  • 3.­76
  • 3.­85
  • 3.­86
  • 3.­87
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­13
  • 4.­14
  • 4.­15
  • 4.­64
  • 4.­65
  • 4.­69
  • 4.­70
  • 4.­71
  • 4.­78
  • 4.­84
  • 4.­90
  • 4.­99
  • 4.­105
  • 4.­107
  • 4.­110
  • 4.­117
  • 4.­118
  • 4.­119
  • 4.­128
  • 4.­207
  • 4.­277
  • 4.­281
  • 4.­285
  • 4.­287
  • 4.­307
  • 4.­308
  • 4.­309
  • 4.­316
  • 4.­319
  • 4.­330
  • 4.­331
  • 4.­337
  • 4.­356
  • 4.­358
  • 4.­395
  • 4.­398
  • 5.­13
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­18
  • 5.­19
  • 5.­20
  • 5.­21
  • 5.­22
  • 5.­23
  • 5.­24
  • 6.­3
  • 6.­4
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­9
  • ap1.­1
  • g.­462

Links to further resources:

  • 20 related glossary entries
g.­151

Goiters

  • lba ba
  • ལྦ་བ།
  • galagaṇḍa

A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­9
g.­154

Groped

  • phyar g.yeng
  • ཕྱར་གཡེང་།
  • —

1 passage contains this term:

  • 3.­2
g.­165

Impediments

  • bar chad kyi chos
  • བར་ཆད་ཀྱི་ཆོས།
  • antarāyikadharma

Personal qualities or circumstances that impede the start of or success in a person’s monastic career.

18 passages contain this term:

  • i.­27
  • 1.­434
  • 1.­446
  • 1.­461
  • 1.­512
  • 1.­544
  • 1.­550
  • 1.­551
  • 1.­552
  • 1.­572
  • 1.­576
  • 1.­577
  • 1.­578
  • 1.­579
  • 1.­580
  • 1.­581
  • 2.­4
  • ap1.­1
g.­166

Impostor

  • rku thabs su gnas pa
  • རྐུ་ཐབས་སུ་གནས་པ།
  • steyasaṃvāsika

Someone who pretends to have been ordained though they have not. One class of person barred from joining the renunciate order.

7 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­527
  • 1.­559
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­95
  • 4.­99
  • 4.­100
  • n.­169
g.­170

Index

  • sdom
  • སྡོམ།
  • uddāna

2 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • n.­104
g.­173

Instructor

  • slob dpon
  • སློབ་དཔོན།
  • ācārya

Along with the position of preceptor, this is one of two official positions created by the Buddha to ensure that new monks would receive sufficient training. The Buddha specified five types of instructor: instructors of novices, privy advisors, officiants, givers of instruction, and recitation instructors.

51 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­19
  • i.­24
  • 1.­374
  • 1.­391
  • 1.­408
  • 1.­430
  • 1.­431
  • 1.­432
  • 1.­433
  • 1.­434
  • 1.­435
  • 1.­437
  • 1.­440
  • 1.­441
  • 1.­449
  • 1.­450
  • 1.­462
  • 1.­463
  • 1.­466
  • 1.­467
  • 1.­468
  • 1.­475
  • 1.­476
  • 1.­618
  • 1.­623
  • 1.­629
  • 1.­630
  • 1.­631
  • 1.­632
  • 1.­633
  • 1.­634
  • 1.­635
  • 1.­636
  • 1.­637
  • 1.­638
  • 1.­639
  • 1.­640
  • 1.­667
  • 1.­671
  • 4.­120
  • 4.­121
  • 4.­122
  • 4.­133
  • 4.­134
  • 4.­161
  • 4.­162
  • g.­148
  • g.­174
  • g.­303
  • g.­322

Links to further resources:

  • 16 related glossary entries
g.­176

Investiture

  • nye bar sgrub pa
  • ཉེ་བར་སྒྲུབ་པ།
  • upanaya

The rite by which one is inducted into the novitiate and confirms a candidate’s status as a novice in the Buddhist order of renunciates.

1 passage contains this term:

  • ap1.­1
g.­180

Jetavana

  • rgyal byed kyi tshal
  • རྒྱལ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཚལ།
  • Jetavana

See “Anāthapiṇḍada’s Park.”

39 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­641
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­13
  • 2.­22
  • 2.­25
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­20
  • 3.­22
  • 3.­29
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­37
  • 3.­48
  • 3.­52
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­4
  • 4.­85
  • 4.­101
  • 4.­105
  • 4.­113
  • 4.­117
  • 4.­132
  • 4.­160
  • 4.­243
  • 4.­330
  • 4.­340
  • 4.­355
  • 4.­366
  • 4.­379
  • 4.­393
  • 4.­407
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­13
  • 5.­24
  • 6.­2
  • g.­29
  • g.­30

Links to further resources:

  • 52 related glossary entries
g.­189

Kaṇṭaka

  • tsher ma
  • ཚེར་མ།
  • Kaṇṭaka

One of Upananda’s two novices whose homoerotic play led the Buddha to forbid allowing two novices to live together.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 3.­2
g.­190

Kapilavastu

  • ser skye’i gnas
  • སེར་སྐྱེའི་གནས།
  • Kapilavastu

The Śākya capital, where Siddhārtha Gautama was raised.

4 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­76
  • 4.­2
  • g.­45
  • g.­444

Links to further resources:

  • 18 related glossary entries
g.­194

Kāśyapa

  • ’od srung
  • འོད་སྲུང་།
  • Kāśyapa

One of the Buddha’s principal pupils, who became the Buddha’s successor on his passing. Also the name of the Buddha who preceded Śākyamuni.

1 passage contains this term:

  • i.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 54 related glossary entries
g.­199

King of Aṅga

  • ang ga’i rgyal po
  • ཨང་གའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
  • Aṅgarāja

The King of Aṅga was the pre-eminent ruler in the eastern Gangetic region at the time of the Buddha’s birth. His defeat at the hands of Prince Bimbisāra of Magadha is narrated at the start of the Pravrajyāvastu.

22 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­4
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­6
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­19
  • 1.­21
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­25
  • 1.­26
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­31
  • 1.­32
  • 1.­33
  • 1.­34
  • 1.­40
  • 1.­41
  • 1.­42
  • 1.­44
g.­219

Magadha

  • ma ga d+ha
  • མ་ག་དྷ།
  • Magadha

A kingdom on the banks of the Ganges (in the southern part of the modern day Indian state of Bihar), whose capital was at Pāṭaliputra (modern day Patna). During the life of Śākyamuni Buddha, it was the dominant kingdom in north central India and is home to many of the most important Buddhist sites, including Bodh Gayā, Nālandā, and its capital Rājagṛha.

27 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­16
  • i.­18
  • 1.­2
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­4
  • 1.­33
  • 1.­47
  • 1.­48
  • 1.­116
  • 1.­276
  • 1.­316
  • 1.­318
  • 1.­322
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­5
  • n.­40
  • n.­72
  • g.­32
  • g.­33
  • g.­44
  • g.­52
  • g.­199
  • g.­222
  • g.­248
  • g.­319

Links to further resources:

  • 31 related glossary entries
g.­220

Mahaka

  • chen po pa
  • ཆེན་པོ་པ།
  • Mahaka

One of Upananda’s two novices whose homoerotic play led the Buddha to forbid allowing two novices to live together.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 3.­2
g.­222

Mahāpadma

  • pad ma chen po
  • པད་མ་ཆེན་པོ།
  • Mahāpadma

King of Magadha at the time of the Buddha’s birth, husband of Queen Bimbī, and father of Bimbisāra.

22 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­4
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­6
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­11
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­22
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­26
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­32
  • 1.­33
  • 1.­34
  • 1.­38
  • 1.­44
  • 1.­45
  • 1.­47
  • 4.­74
  • g.­51
g.­227

Matricide

  • ma bsad pa
  • མ་བསད་པ།
  • mātṛghātaka

One class of person barred from joining the renunciate order.

9 passages contain this term:

  • i.­46
  • 1.­527
  • 1.­559
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­358
  • 4.­360
  • 4.­363
  • 4.­364
  • n.­194
g.­245

Motion to act

  • las brjod pa
  • ལས་བརྗོད་པ།
  • karmavācanā

After a motion is put to the saṅgha, a monk other than the petitioner must make a move to act on the motion.

5 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­428
  • 1.­581
  • 1.­582
  • 2.­7
  • ap1.­1
g.­257

Novice

  • dge tshul
  • དགེ་ཚུལ།
  • śrāmaṇera

53 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­25
  • i.­39
  • p.­6
  • 1.­461
  • 1.­463
  • 1.­464
  • 1.­465
  • 1.­467
  • 1.­469
  • 1.­471
  • 1.­479
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­8
  • 2.­28
  • 2.­29
  • 2.­30
  • 2.­31
  • 2.­32
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­5
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­54
  • 4.­15
  • 4.­16
  • 4.­17
  • 4.­18
  • 4.­23
  • 4.­25
  • 4.­26
  • 4.­31
  • 4.­63
  • 4.­65
  • 4.­72
  • 4.­298
  • 4.­299
  • 4.­300
  • 4.­301
  • 4.­321
  • 4.­323
  • 4.­324
  • 4.­325
  • 4.­327
  • ap1.­1
  • n.­131
  • g.­4
  • g.­174
  • g.­176
  • g.­189
  • g.­220
  • g.­312

Links to further resources:

  • 2 related glossary entries
g.­263

Officiant

  • las byed pa
  • ལས་བྱེད་པ།
  • karmakāraka

The monk that moves the saṅgha act on an aspirant’s request to join the order and be ordained.

17 passages contain this term:

  • i.­22
  • 1.­433
  • 1.­471
  • 1.­508
  • 1.­509
  • 1.­512
  • 1.­546
  • 1.­550
  • 1.­552
  • 1.­574
  • 1.­576
  • 1.­577
  • 1.­578
  • 1.­580
  • 3.­38
  • ap1.­1
  • g.­173
g.­267

Ordain

  • bsnyen par rdzogs pa
  • བསྙེན་པར་རྫོགས་པ།
  • upasaṃpadā

The formal term for granting orders and confirming a candidate as a monk.

10 passages contain this term:

  • i.­21
  • i.­22
  • i.­25
  • 1.­488
  • 3.­6
  • 3.­85
  • 3.­86
  • 4.­119
  • ap1.­1
  • g.­14

Links to further resources:

  • 3 related glossary entries
g.­270

Palgyi Lhünpo

  • dpal gyi lhun po
  • དཔལ་གྱི་ལྷུན་པོ།
  • —

Apart from Butön’s inclusion of Palgyi Lhünpo in his list of translators, there does not appear to be much biographical information available on this ninth-century translator. In addition to his work on the vinaya, Palgyi Lhünpo translated at least two Mahāyāna sūtras (the Buddhapiṭakaduḥśīlanigraha and the Drumakinnararājaparipṛcchā), several chapters of dhāraṇī, and several works in verse included in the Tengyur. The colophons of his translations indicate that Paltsek revised some of his translations, including the Vinayavastu and the Bhikṣuṇī Vinayavibhaṅga, to either complete unfinished work or reflect newly adopted standards.

2 passages contain this term:

  • i.­6
  • c.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 3 related glossary entries
g.­271

Paltsek

  • dpal brtsegs
  • དཔལ་བརྩེགས།
  • —

Paltsek, from the village of Kawa north of Lhasa, was one of Tibet’s preeminent translators. He was one of the first seven Tibetans to be ordained by Śāntarakṣita and is counted as one of Guru Rinpoche’s twenty-five close disciples. In a famous verse by Ngok Lotsawa, Paltsek is named with Chokro Luyi Gyaltsen and Zhang Nanam Yeshé as part of a group of translators whose skills were surpassed only by Vairotsana. He translated works from a wide variety of genres, including sūtra, śāstra, vinaya, and tantra and was an author himself (for a list of his translations and writings, see Martin, 2011). Paltsek was also one of the most important editors of the early period, one of nine translators installed by Trisong Deutsen to supervise the translation of the Tripiṭaka and help catalogue translated works for the first two of three imperial catalogs (the ldan kar ma and bsam yas mchims phu ma catalogs, which were probably the initiative of Tride Songtsen; see Raine, 2010, 8).

6 passages contain this term:

  • i.­6
  • c.­1
  • g.­97
  • g.­270
  • g.­399
  • g.­440

Links to further resources:

  • 18 related glossary entries
g.­275

Patricide

  • pha bsad pa
  • ཕ་བསད་པ།
  • pitṛghātaka

One of the classes of people barred from joining the renunciate order.

12 passages contain this term:

  • i.­46
  • 1.­527
  • 1.­559
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­398
  • 4.­400
  • 4.­403
  • 4.­404
  • 4.­405
  • 4.­409
  • 4.­416
  • n.­193
g.­281

Person labeled a paṇḍaka

  • ma ning
  • མ་ནིང་།
  • paṇḍaka

In the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, the term paṇḍaka (Tib. ma ning) encompasses diverse physiological and behavioral conditions, such as intersexuality, erectile dysfunction, and fetishes that imply an inability to engage in normative sexual behavior. Five different types of person labeled a paṇḍaka are identified in the text (see 4.­111): intersex persons, rhythmic-consecutive persons, sexually submissive persons, persons with a voyeuristic fetish, and persons with a sexual disability (see glossary entries for each). The criteria for being designated a person labeled a paṇḍaka are not strictly physiological, but neither are they grounded exclusively in gender identity or sexual orientation. Person labeled a paṇḍaka is, in effect, a catchall category and, as such, defies easy translations like “neuter,” “androgyne,” “intersexual,” “transgender,” or “paraphiliac.”

See also Gyatso (2003), Cabezón (1993), Zwilling (1992), and Likhitpreechakul (2012).

18 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­527
  • 1.­559
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­102
  • 4.­103
  • 4.­104
  • 4.­105
  • 4.­108
  • 4.­109
  • 4.­110
  • 4.­111
  • 4.­112
  • n.­170
  • g.­175
  • g.­284
  • g.­285
  • g.­335
  • g.­370

Links to further resources:

  • 8 related glossary entries
g.­288

Persons of restricted growth

  • mi’u thung
  • མིའུ་ཐུང་།
  • vāmana

Those with a particular physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­9
g.­289

Persons who use mobility aids

  • rten ’phye
  • རྟེན་འཕྱེ།
  • pīṭhasarpin

Those who are said to have a particular physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­9
g.­290

Persons whose bodies have been branded, scarred by a whip, or tattooed

  • lus la rma mtshan can
  • ལུས་ལ་རྨ་མཚན་ཅན།
  • citrāṅga

Those who are marked by brands on bondage or scars from corporal punishment, or tattooed. A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­8
g.­291

Persons with chronic fatigue

  • gta’ gam
  • གཏའ་གམ།
  • kandalīcchinnaka

Persons with stunted growth who exhibit general sluggishness due to hypothyroidism.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­10
g.­292

Persons with degenerative nerve disorders

  • smad ’chal
  • སྨད་འཆལ།
  • kāṇḍarika
  • kaṇḍarika

Those with a particular physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 6.­1
g.­293

Persons with kyphosis

  • sgur po
  • སྒུར་པོ།
  • kubja

A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­9

Links to further resources:

  • 2 related glossary entries
g.­294

Persons with malabsorption syndromes

  • ya za ma zug
  • ཡ་ཟ་མ་ཟུག
  • tālamukta

Those with a particular physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­10
g.­295

Persons with mobility impairment

  • theng po
  • ཐེང་པོ།
  • khañja

Those having a certain physical condition that is considered an impediment to ordination.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­9

Links to further resources:

  • 1 related glossary entry
g.­301

Preceptor

  • mkhan po
  • མཁན་པོ།
  • upādhyāya

An office decreed by the Buddha so that aspirants would not have to receive ordination from the Buddha in person. The Buddha identified two types: those who grant entry into the renunciate order and those who grant ordination.

161 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­6
  • i.­19
  • i.­24
  • i.­38
  • 1.­51
  • 1.­61
  • 1.­62
  • 1.­64
  • 1.­66
  • 1.­74
  • 1.­75
  • 1.­81
  • 1.­88
  • 1.­98
  • 1.­99
  • 1.­101
  • 1.­103
  • 1.­108
  • 1.­109
  • 1.­110
  • 1.­111
  • 1.­119
  • 1.­120
  • 1.­122
  • 1.­123
  • 1.­137
  • 1.­169
  • 1.­172
  • 1.­254
  • 1.­255
  • 1.­257
  • 1.­258
  • 1.­260
  • 1.­261
  • 1.­270
  • 1.­305
  • 1.­374
  • 1.­391
  • 1.­400
  • 1.­408
  • 1.­414
  • 1.­419
  • 1.­430
  • 1.­431
  • 1.­432
  • 1.­433
  • 1.­434
  • 1.­444
  • 1.­446
  • 1.­449
  • 1.­450
  • 1.­451
  • 1.­454
  • 1.­457
  • 1.­458
  • 1.­459
  • 1.­461
  • 1.­471
  • 1.­475
  • 1.­476
  • 1.­478
  • 1.­479
  • 1.­480
  • 1.­482
  • 1.­483
  • 1.­485
  • 1.­486
  • 1.­489
  • 1.­490
  • 1.­491
  • 1.­493
  • 1.­494
  • 1.­496
  • 1.­497
  • 1.­503
  • 1.­504
  • 1.­508
  • 1.­510
  • 1.­513
  • 1.­538
  • 1.­539
  • 1.­544
  • 1.­548
  • 1.­551
  • 1.­567
  • 1.­572
  • 1.­575
  • 1.­577
  • 1.­580
  • 1.­581
  • 1.­582
  • 1.­618
  • 1.­620
  • 1.­623
  • 1.­629
  • 1.­630
  • 1.­631
  • 1.­632
  • 1.­633
  • 1.­634
  • 1.­635
  • 1.­636
  • 1.­637
  • 1.­638
  • 1.­639
  • 1.­640
  • 1.­667
  • 1.­671
  • 2.­3
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­5
  • 2.­6
  • 2.­7
  • 2.­8
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­62
  • 3.­63
  • 3.­64
  • 3.­66
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­68
  • 3.­69
  • 4.­97
  • 4.­119
  • 4.­120
  • 4.­134
  • 4.­162
  • 4.­188
  • 4.­309
  • 4.­321
  • 4.­322
  • 4.­323
  • 4.­324
  • 4.­325
  • 4.­327
  • 4.­362
  • 4.­363
  • 4.­374
  • 4.­375
  • 4.­376
  • 4.­377
  • 4.­402
  • 4.­403
  • 4.­415
  • 4.­416
  • 4.­417
  • 4.­419
  • 4.­420
  • 6.­5
  • 6.­7
  • c.­1
  • ap1.­1
  • n.­168
  • g.­97
  • g.­173
  • g.­244
  • g.­339
  • g.­354
  • g.­364
  • g.­440

Links to further resources:

  • 21 related glossary entries
g.­302

Present Day Rite

  • da ltar byung ba’i cho ga
  • ད་ལྟར་བྱུང་བའི་ཆོ་ག
  • vartamānakalpa

4 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­12
  • i.­25
  • i.­26
g.­303

Privy advisor

  • gsang ste ston pa
  • གསང་སྟེ་སྟོན་པ།
  • raho'nuśāsaka

One of five types of instructors named by the Buddha when asked to elaborate on the role of an instructor.

40 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­433
  • 1.­471
  • 1.­508
  • 1.­509
  • 1.­511
  • 1.­512
  • 1.­513
  • 1.­514
  • 1.­515
  • 1.­518
  • 1.­520
  • 1.­522
  • 1.­524
  • 1.­529
  • 1.­530
  • 1.­531
  • 1.­532
  • 1.­533
  • 1.­534
  • 1.­535
  • 1.­536
  • 1.­538
  • 1.­540
  • 1.­542
  • 1.­554
  • 1.­556
  • 1.­557
  • 1.­558
  • 1.­561
  • 1.­562
  • 1.­563
  • 1.­564
  • 1.­565
  • 1.­566
  • 1.­567
  • 1.­568
  • 1.­571
  • 3.­38
  • ap1.­1
  • g.­173
g.­319

Rājagṛha

  • rgyal po’i khab
  • རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁབ།
  • Rājagṛha

Now known as Rajgir and located in the modern Indian state of Bihar, Rājagṛha was the capital of the kingdom of Magadha during the Buddha’s lifetime.

37 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • i.­14
  • i.­15
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­11
  • 1.­38
  • 1.­47
  • 1.­68
  • 1.­105
  • 1.­183
  • 1.­225
  • 1.­226
  • 1.­265
  • 1.­276
  • 1.­277
  • 1.­286
  • 1.­287
  • 1.­295
  • 1.­303
  • 1.­315
  • 1.­316
  • 1.­317
  • 1.­318
  • 1.­319
  • 1.­320
  • 1.­321
  • 1.­322
  • 1.­324
  • 1.­328
  • 1.­329
  • 1.­664
  • 1.­671
  • 3.­57
  • n.­100
  • g.­219
  • g.­463

Links to further resources:

  • 79 related glossary entries
g.­326

Refuge

  • gnas
  • གནས།
  • niśraya

In “The Chapter on Going Forth,” Kalyāṇamitra reads this as an abbreviation of “refuge instructor” (Tib. gnas kyi slob dpon). A “refuge” or “refuge monk” is one who has passed ten years as a monk and possesses five qualities and is thus fit to guide new monks, grant ordination, and instruction. In “The Chapter on Going Forth,” the Buddha says a monk who has been ordained five years may be considered “independent” enough to travel independently between monsoons. Though the text does not address the issue, a monk of five years ordination would not, in ordinary circumstances, acts as a refuge instructor.

43 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­433
  • 1.­434
  • 1.­436
  • 1.­457
  • 1.­458
  • 1.­461
  • 1.­463
  • 1.­646
  • 1.­649
  • 1.­650
  • 1.­651
  • 1.­652
  • 1.­653
  • 1.­654
  • 1.­655
  • 1.­656
  • 1.­657
  • 1.­658
  • 1.­659
  • 1.­660
  • 1.­661
  • 1.­667
  • 1.­671
  • 1.­672
  • 1.­674
  • 1.­675
  • 1.­677
  • 1.­678
  • 2.­4
  • 3.­38
  • 4.­115
  • 4.­116
  • 4.­117
  • 4.­179
  • ap1.­1
  • n.­118
  • n.­151
  • n.­154
  • g.­137
  • g.­164
  • g.­174
  • g.­426

Links to further resources:

  • 15 related glossary entries
g.­330

Renunciant

  • rab byung
  • རབ་བྱུང་།
  • —

38 passages contain this term:

  • i.­11
  • i.­13
  • i.­14
  • i.­15
  • i.­19
  • i.­26
  • i.­28
  • i.­37
  • p.­4
  • 1.­224
  • 1.­225
  • 1.­255
  • 1.­284
  • 1.­287
  • 1.­290
  • 1.­315
  • 1.­317
  • 1.­321
  • 1.­328
  • 1.­330
  • 1.­377
  • 1.­383
  • 1.­394
  • 1.­395
  • 1.­457
  • 1.­458
  • 1.­459
  • 1.­460
  • 2.­29
  • 2.­30
  • 3.­82
  • 4.­238
  • 4.­239
  • 4.­276
  • 6.­6
  • n.­24
  • n.­185
  • g.­149
g.­339

Role model in the renunciant life

  • tshul dang ’brel ba’i gzugs brnyan
  • ཚུལ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གཟུགས་བརྙན།
  • —

As a monk should regard his preceptor as a surrogate father, the preceptor is referred to as a “role model in the renunciant life.”

3 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­620
  • 3.­41
  • ap1.­1
g.­346

Sanction

  • byin gyis brlab pa
  • བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབ་པ།
  • adhiṣṭhāna

A monk’s robes are sanctioned at ordination. Furthermore, two types of offenses, saṅgha stigmata offense and transgressions requiring forfeiture, must be formally sanctioned or excused in order to be completely expunged.

2 passages contain this term:

  • i.­9
  • ap1.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 11 related glossary entries
g.­353

Śāriputra

  • shA ri’i bu
  • ཤཱ་རིའི་བུ།
  • Śāriputra

The wisest of Buddha’s disciples. Śāriputra’s father Tiṣya named him Śāriputra, “Śārikā’s Son,” to honor Śāriputra’s mother Śārikā.

49 passages contain this term:

  • i.­12
  • i.­14
  • i.­39
  • i.­42
  • p.­6
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­141
  • 1.­142
  • 1.­223
  • 1.­328
  • 1.­356
  • 1.­357
  • 1.­362
  • 1.­364
  • 1.­365
  • 1.­381
  • 1.­383
  • 1.­384
  • 1.­395
  • 1.­397
  • 1.­399
  • 1.­401
  • 4.­95
  • 4.­179
  • 4.­180
  • 4.­184
  • 4.­185
  • 4.­189
  • 4.­193
  • 4.­195
  • n.­60
  • n.­100
  • n.­103
  • n.­110
  • g.­41
  • g.­50
  • g.­202
  • g.­226
  • g.­248
  • g.­349
  • g.­351
  • g.­352
  • g.­390
  • g.­392
  • g.­393
  • g.­394
  • g.­395
  • g.­407
  • g.­427

Links to further resources:

  • 63 related glossary entries
g.­354

Sarvajñādeva

  • sarba dz+nyA de ba
  • སརྦ་ཛྙཱ་དེ་བ།
  • Sarvajñādeva

According to traditional accounts, the Kashmiri preceptor Sarvajñādeva was among the “one hundred” paṇḍitas invited by Trisong Deutsen (r. 755–797/800) to assist with the translation of the Buddhist scriptures into Tibetan. Sarvajñādeva assisted in the translation of more than twenty-three works, including numerous sūtras and the first translations of Śāntideva’s Bodhicaryāvatāra and Nāgarjuna’s Suhṛllekha. Much of this work was likely carried out in the first years of the ninth century and may have continued into the reign of Ralpachen, who ascended the throne in 815 and died in 838 or 841 ᴄᴇ. (See Dotson, 2007, for a summary of the imperial chronology between Trisong Deutsen’s abdication in 797 and Ralpachen’s ascension in 815).

2 passages contain this term:

  • i.­6
  • c.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 7 related glossary entries
g.­385

Śrāvastī

  • mnyan yod
  • མཉན་ཡོད།
  • Śrāvastī

During the life of the Buddha, Śrāvastī was a major city in the kingdom of Kosala, in present day Uttar Pradesh.

50 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­11
  • 1.­641
  • 1.­642
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­13
  • 2.­22
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­28
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­10
  • 3.­11
  • 3.­14
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­16
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­20
  • 3.­24
  • 3.­25
  • 3.­28
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­31
  • 3.­32
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­48
  • 3.­54
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­4
  • 4.­85
  • 4.­87
  • 4.­92
  • 4.­93
  • 4.­94
  • 4.­101
  • 4.­113
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­159
  • 4.­179
  • 4.­243
  • 4.­330
  • 4.­340
  • 4.­379
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­24
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­5
  • 6.­6
  • g.­35
  • g.­64

Links to further resources:

  • 56 related glossary entries
g.­406

Tīrthika

  • mu stegs can
  • མུ་སྟེགས་ཅན།
  • tīrthya
  • tīrthika

Religious or philosophical orders that were contemporary with the early Buddhist order, including Jains, Jaṭilas, Ājīvikas, and Cārvākas. Initially, the term tīrthika or tīrthya may have referred to non-brahmanic ascetic orders.

See also n.­26 and n.­27.

51 passages contain this term:

  • i.­12
  • i.­15
  • i.­17
  • i.­18
  • i.­42
  • p.­3
  • p.­6
  • 1.­226
  • 1.­252
  • 1.­315
  • 1.­317
  • 1.­321
  • 1.­330
  • 1.­430
  • 1.­527
  • 1.­559
  • 1.­648
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­3
  • 2.­4
  • 2.­5
  • 2.­6
  • 2.­7
  • 2.­8
  • 2.­9
  • 2.­10
  • 2.­11
  • 3.­54
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­268
  • 4.­330
  • 4.­332
  • 4.­335
  • 4.­336
  • 4.­337
  • 4.­338
  • 4.­339
  • 4.­353
  • 4.­392
  • n.­26
  • n.­27
  • n.­185
  • g.­20
  • g.­21
  • g.­152
  • g.­182
  • g.­185
  • g.­311
  • g.­344
  • g.­351

Links to further resources:

  • 32 related glossary entries
g.­424

Upāli

  • nye bar ’khor
  • ཉེ་བར་འཁོར།
  • Upāli

A great upholder of monastic discipline, who recited the vinaya at the First Council following the Buddha’s passing.

20 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • i.­4
  • 1.­673
  • 1.­674
  • 1.­675
  • 1.­676
  • 2.­9
  • 2.­10
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­13
  • 2.­16
  • 4.­100
  • 4.­338
  • 4.­339
  • 5.­18
  • 5.­19
  • 5.­20
  • 5.­21
  • 5.­22
  • 5.­23

Links to further resources:

  • 13 related glossary entries
g.­425

Upananda

  • nye dga’
  • ཉེ་དགའ།
  • Upananda

One of the notorious “group of six” monks whose antics and heavy-handed interference prompted a great many of the Buddha’s injunctions on conduct.

24 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­2
  • 4.­132
  • 4.­134
  • 4.­135
  • 4.­140
  • 4.­145
  • 4.­151
  • 4.­153
  • 4.­160
  • 4.­162
  • 4.­163
  • 4.­168
  • 4.­169
  • 4.­172
  • 4.­175
  • 4.­176
  • 6.­3
  • 6.­4
  • 6.­5
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­7
  • n.­167
  • g.­189
  • g.­220

Links to further resources:

  • 4 related glossary entries
g.­426

Upasena

  • nye sde
  • ཉེ་སྡེ།
  • Upasena

A monk of one year whose premature taking of a ward prompted the Buddha to decree that only those who had been monks for ten years could allow going forth, grant ordination, accept charge of novices, give refuge, and live independently.

12 passages contain this term:

  • i.­12
  • i.­19
  • 1.­1
  • 1.­641
  • 1.­642
  • 1.­643
  • 1.­644
  • 1.­645
  • 1.­646
  • 1.­661
  • 1.­662
  • 1.­663

Links to further resources:

  • 2 related glossary entries
g.­440

Vidyākaraprabha

  • bi dyA ka ra pra bha
  • བི་དྱཱ་ཀ་ར་པྲ་བྷ།
  • Vidyākaraprabha

According to Nyangral Nyimai Özer’s history, Ralpachen invited the Indian preceptor Vidyākaraprabha to Tibet along with Jinamitra, Surendrabodhi, and Dānaśīla in the first part of the ninth century (Martin, 2002, n. 13). Vidyākaraprabha was the author of the Madhyamakanayasārasamāsaprakaraṇa, a work in the Yogācāra-Madhyamaka school pioneered by Śāntarakṣita (Ruegg, 1981, 99, n. 311), translated into Tibetan with Paltsek under the name dbu ma’i lugs kyi snying po mdor bsdus pa’i rab tu byed pa(Toh 3893, Degé Tengyur, vol. HA, folios 43b.5–50a.6). He worked with Paltsek on numerous other translations on topics as diverse as the Sphuṭārthā commentary to the Abhisamayālaṅkāra, an extract from Buddhaghoṣa’s Vimuktimārga, and the early tantra Vidyottamamahātantra (see Martin, 2006).

2 passages contain this term:

  • i.­6
  • c.­1

Links to further resources:

  • 4 related glossary entries
g.­444

Virūḍhaka

  • ’phags skyes po
  • འཕགས་སྐྱེས་པོ།
  • Virūḍhaka

A son of King Prasenajit of Kosala, who first served as a general in his father’s army, but later usurped the throne. As a boy he discovered that his mother, who had been offered to his father by the Śākyas, had originally only been a servant rather than a noblewoman as the Śākyas had claimed; and later, as king, in revenge he attacked and destroyed Kapilavastu, slaughtering most of the Śākya inhabitants. However, he then died there in a flood. Not to be confused with the Virūḍhaka who is one of the Four Great Kings.

3 passages contain this term:

  • 4.­2
  • 4.­4
  • 5.­10
g.­448

Vow

  • brtul zhugs
  • བརྟུལ་ཞུགས།
  • vrata

21 passages contain this term:

  • i.­4
  • i.­9
  • i.­42
  • 1.­137
  • 1.­240
  • 1.­377
  • 1.­434
  • 1.­435
  • 1.­439
  • 1.­465
  • 2.­4
  • ap1.­1
  • n.­131
  • n.­165
  • n.­179
  • g.­15
  • g.­260
  • g.­276
  • g.­312
  • g.­348
  • g.­453

Links to further resources:

  • 6 related glossary entries
g.­458

Worn out by burdens

  • khur gyis dub pa
  • ཁུར་གྱིས་དུབ་པ།
  • bhāracchinna

A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­10
g.­459

Worn out by the road

  • lam gyis dub pa
  • ལམ་གྱིས་དུབ་པ།
  • mārgachinna

A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­10
g.­460

Worn out by women

  • bud med kyis dub pa
  • བུད་མེད་ཀྱིས་དུབ་པ།
  • strīchinna

A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 6.­10
g.­463

Yaṣṭī Grove

  • ltang brang gi tshal
  • ལྟང་བྲང་གི་ཚལ།
  • Yaṣṭīvana

The forest outside of Rājagṛha where King Bimbisāra, along with 80,000 gods and many hundreds of thousands of Magadhan brahmins and householders, were converted to Buddhism.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 5.­2
0

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