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ལས་བརྒྱ་པ།

The Hundred Deeds

Karmaśataka
ལས་བརྒྱ་ཐམ་པ།
las brgya tham pa
The Hundred Deeds
Karmaśataka
84000 logo

Toh 340

Degé Kangyur, vol. 73 (mdo sde, ha), folios 1.b–309.a, and vol. 74 (mdo sde, a), folios 1.b–128.b.

Translated by Dr. Lozang Jamspal (International Buddhist College, Thailand) and Kaia Tara Fischer under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2020
Current version v 1.3.23 (2022)
Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.11.4

84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.

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co.

Table of Contents

ti. Title
im. Imprint
co. Contents
s. Summary
ac. Acknowledgements
i. Introduction
tr. The Hundred Deeds
+ 10 chapters- 10 chapters
p. Prologue
1. Part One
+ 12 sections- 12 sections
· The Dog
· The Story of Little Eyes
· The Story of Pūraṇa
· The Person with a Curving Spine: Two Stories
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· The First Story about “The Person with a Curving Spine”
· The Second Story About “The Person with a Curving Spine”
· The Story of Udayin
· Victory Banner
· The Story of Kṣemā
· The Story of Maṇiprabha
· The Story of Jasmine
· Give It to Me!
· The Story of She Who Gathers
· The Tailor
2. Part Two
+ 15 sections- 15 sections
· The Chariot: Four Stories
+ 4 sections- 4 sections
· The First “Chariot” Story
· The Second “Chariot” Story
· The Third “Chariot” Story
· The Fourth “Chariot” Story
· The Story of Earnest
· The Story of Gopā
· The Story of Keśinī
· The Story of Lotus Color
· The Butcher
· The Story of Golden Color
· The Cowherds
· A Band of Friends
· The Story of Abhaya
· The Story of Lake of Jewels
· The Story of Wealth’s Delight
· The Bear: Two Stories
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· The First Story of the Bear
· The Second Story of the Bear
· The Story of Small Person with a Curving Spine
· The Rākṣasa
3. Part Three
+ 13 sections- 13 sections
· The Story of Kacaṅkalā
· The Story of Kaineya
· The Betrothal of the Bride: Two Stories
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· The First “Betrothal of the Bride” Story
· The Second “Betrothal of the Bride” Story
· Cuts: Two Stories
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· The First “Cut” Story
· The Second “Cut” Story
· Being Devoured
· The Story of Nandaka
· Chunks of Meat
· The One Who Thought He Saw His Son
· The Farmer
· Death
· A Story about Kokālika
· The Tired Man
· Morsel
4. Part Four
+ 11 sections- 11 sections
· The Story of Maitrībala
· The Dark Storm
· Ants: Two Stories
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· The First “Ant” Story
· The Second “Ant” Story
· The Lay of the Land
· The Story of Āraṇyaka
· The Elephant
· The Nāga (1)
· The Story of Siṃha
· The Schism in the Saṅgha
· The Dark Forest
· The One Who Heard
5. Part Five
+ 12 sections- 12 sections
· The Story of Virūpa
· The Story of Kṣemaṅkara
· The Young Untouchable
· The Story of Subhadra the Charioteer
· The Story of Sahadeva
· The Bull
· The Story of Good Compassion
· The Story of Fleshy
· The Story of Black
· The Story of Iṣudhara
· The Man Who Was Trampled
· The Story of Jackal
6. Part Six
+ 9 sections- 9 sections
· The Bird: Two Stories
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· The First Bird Story
· The Second Bird Story
· The Story of Majestic Body
· The Teacher
· A Story about Kāśyapa
· A Story about Ānanda
· The Story of Son of Grasping
· The Story of Subhadra the Mendicant
· The Worthy of Offerings Litany
· Latecomers to the Dharma: Two Stories
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· The First “Latecomer” Story
· The Second “Latecomer” Story
7. Part Seven
+ 10 sections- 10 sections
· The Story of Paṅgu
· Bhādra
· The Blind Man
· The Story of Nirgrantha Kāśyapa
· The Story of Foremost Kāśyapa
· The Story of Mounted on an Elephant
· The Story of Saraṇa
· The Mṛgavratins
· The Story of Candrā
· The Kinnara Spirits: Two Stories
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· The First “Kinnara” Story
· The Second “Kinnara” Story
8. Part Eight
+ 10 sections- 10 sections
· The Story of Pūrṇa
· The Sacrifice
· The Lazy Man
· A Story about Anāthapiṇḍada
· The Humble One
· Padmottama: Two Stories
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· The First “Padmottama” Story
· The Second “Padmottama” Story
· The Story of Sudarśana
· The Story of Ratnaśikhin
· Wealth
· The Story of Vijaya
9. Part Nine
+ 10 sections- 10 sections
· The Sons
· The Crevasse
· The Ransom
· The Attack
· Trapped
· The Partridge
· Father, or The Story of Sudarśana
· The Bandits
· The Piśācas
· The Story of Head of Indra
10. Part Ten
+ 10 sections- 10 sections
· Śakra
· The King
· The Hunter
· The Story of Deluded
· The Brahmin: Three Stories
+ 3 sections- 3 sections
· The First “Brahmin” Story
· The Second “Brahmin” Story
· The Third “Brahmin” Story
· The Story of the Householder Govinda
· The Quarrel
· The Nāga (2)
· Two Stories about King Śibi
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· The First Story about King Śibi
· The Second Story of King Śibi
· Kauśāmbī
ab. Abbreviations
n. Notes
b. Bibliography
+ 2 sections- 2 sections
· Source Texts
· Works Cited
+ 3 sections- 3 sections
· Sanskrit Works
· Tibetan Works
· Secondary Sources
g. Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

The sūtra The Hundred Deeds, whose title could also be translated as The Hundred Karmas, is a collection of stories known as avadāna‍—a narrative genre widely represented in the Sanskrit Buddhist literature and its derivatives‍—comprising more than 120 individual texts. It includes narratives of Buddha Śākyamuni’s notable deeds and foundational teachings, the stories of other well-known Buddhist figures, and a variety of other tales featuring people from all walks of ancient Indian life and beings from all six realms of existence. The texts sometimes include stretches of verse. In the majority of the stories the Buddha’s purpose in recounting the past lives of one or more individuals is to make definitive statements about the karmic ripening of actions across multiple lifetimes, and the sūtra is perhaps the best known of the many works in the Kangyur on this theme.


ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

Translated by Dr. Lozang Jamspal (International Buddhist College, Thailand) and Kaia Fischer of the Tibetan Classics Translators Guild of New York (TCTGNY). Introduction by Nathan Mitchell, with additional material by the 84000 editorial team.

ac.­2

Warm thanks to Dr. Tom Tillemans, Dr. John Canti, Dr. James Gentry, Adam Krug, Ven. Konchog Norbu, Janna White, and all the readers and editors at 84000, for their wisdom; to Huang Jing Rui, Amy Ang, and the entire administration and staff at 84000, for their compassion; to readers Dr. Irene Cannon-Geary, Dr. Natalie M. Griffin, Tom Griffin, Norman Guberman, Margot Jarrett, Dr. David Kittay, Dr. Susan Landesman, Megan Mook, and Dr. Toy-Fung Tung, as well as to every member of TCTGNY, for their diligence and sincerity; to Caithlin De Marrais, Tinka Harvard, Laren McClung, and Erin Sperry, for their adept revisions to passages of verse; to Dr. Paul Hackett, for his linguistic and technical expertise; to Dr. Tenzin Robert Thurman and the late Prof. Dr. Michael Hahn, for their insight; to Dr. Lauran Hartley, for her capable assistance in researching the introduction; to Dr. Donald J. LaRocca, for his thoughtful clarification of terms pertaining to arms and armor; and to Jennifer E. Fischer, for her generosity in formatting the translation.

ac.­3

Special thanks to Ven. Wei Wu and all of the students, faculty, and staff of the International Buddhist College, Thailand, for their warm welcome of the senior translator Dr. Jamspal, and to Cynthia H. Wong, for her kindheartedness toward the junior translator Kaia Fischer.

ac.­4

Through the devoted attention of all may the Buddhadharma smile upon us for countless ages, safeguarded by knowledge of the classical Tibetan language.

The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.


ac.­5

Work on this translation was rendered possible by the generous donations of a number of sponsors: Zhou Tian Yu, Chen Yi Qin, Irene Tillman, Archie Kao and Zhou Xun; 恒基伟业投资发展集团有限公司,李英、李杰、李明、李一全家; Thirty, Twenty and family; and Ye Kong, Helen Han, Karen Kong and family. Their help is most gratefully acknowledged.


i.

Introduction

i.­1

The Hundred Deeds1 is a collection of stories or avadāna, a narrative genre widely represented in the Sanskrit Buddhist literature and its derivatives. The term avadāna can be analyzed and understood in several ways.2 One common interpretation is “legend,” but that understanding is perhaps too rigid, as well as too romantic, for what could be described as religious or spiritual biography.3 The general intention of avadāna literature is to elicit faith and devotion in the reader through an object lesson in karmic cause and effect: how, for example, a noble act motivated by faith and devotion toward the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha), or toward another object of veneration, yields a good result, while the result of an ignoble act is dreadful. Historically, the specific functions of avadāna literature were to propagate Buddhism and to provide inspiration and preliminary education in the Dharma, particularly for laypersons and the recently ordained.4 It can still perform these functions today.


The Translation
The Hundred Deeds

p.

Prologue

[V73] [F.1.b] [B1]


p.­1

I prostrate to the All-Knowing One.

p.­2
Listen well, for I have heard
Of a doorway whence we may discern
The world-guru, Gone to Bliss,
Who wishes nothing but our benefit,
As he parcels out a full account
To those who wandered in, confused,
From the vast, bleak wood of wrongful views.
His sacred speech, so sound and sweet‍—
This sūtra‍—is The Hundred Deeds.

1.

Part One

1.­1
1. The Dog
2. The Story of Little Eyes
3. The Story of Pūraṇa
4. The Person with a Curving Spine: Two Stories
5. The Story of Udayin
6. Victory Banner
7. The Story of Kṣemā
8. The Story of Maṇiprabha
9. The Story of Jasmine
10. Give It to Me!
11. The Story of She Who Gathers
12. The Tailor

The Dog

1.­2

[F.2.a] When the Blessed One was in Śrāvastī there lived a certain householder, prosperous and wealthy, a person of vast and magnificent means, endowed with the wealth of Vaiśravaṇa‍—with wealth to rival Vaiśravaṇa’s‍—who was fond of philosophical extremists.

1.­3

When the time came for him to marry he took a wife, and they enjoyed themselves and coupled. As they enjoyed themselves and coupled, one day his wife conceived. After nine or ten months had passed, she gave birth to a child who was well proportioned, pleasing to the eye, and beautiful, with glowing, golden skin, a well-rounded head, long arms, a broad brow, a fine and prominent nose, and eyebrows that met. At the elaborate feast celebrating his birth they named him according to their clan.

The Story of Little Eyes

The Story of Pūraṇa

The Person with a Curving Spine: Two Stories

The First Story about “The Person with a Curving Spine”

1.­138

When the Blessed One was in in Śrāvastī there lived a certain householder, prosperous and wealthy, a person of vast and magnificent means, endowed with the wealth of Vaiśravaṇa‍—with wealth to rival Vaiśravaṇa’s.

1.­139

When the time came for him to marry he took a wife, and they enjoyed themselves and coupled. [F.18.a] As they enjoyed themselves and coupled, one day his wife conceived, and after nine or ten months had passed, she gave birth to a child who was well proportioned, pleasing to the eye, and beautiful. At the elaborate feast celebrating his birth they named him according to their clan.

The Second Story About “The Person with a Curving Spine”

The Story of Udayin

Victory Banner

The Story of Kṣemā

The Story of Maṇiprabha

The Story of Jasmine

Give It to Me!

The Story of She Who Gathers

The Tailor


2.

Part Two

2.­1
1. The Chariot: Four Stories
2. The Story of Earnest
3. The Story of Gopā
4. The Story of Keśinī
5. The Story of Lotus Color
6. The Butcher
7. The Story of Golden Color [F.52.b]
8. The Cowherds
9. A Band of Friends
10. The Story of Abhaya
11. The Story of Lake of Jewels
12. The Story of Wealth’s Delight
13. The Bear: Two Stories
14. The Story of Small Person with a Curving Spine
15. The Rākṣasa

The Chariot: Four Stories

The First “Chariot” Story

2.­2

When the Blessed One was in Śrāvastī, there lived a certain brahmin who wished to perform a ritual offering, so he climbed onto his chariot and rode into Śrāvastī. That morning, when the Blessed One donned his lower garment and Dharma robes, and, carrying his alms bowl, went for alms in Śrāvastī, the brahmin was filled with joy, circumambulated the Blessed One, and departed. At that moment, the Blessed One smiled.

The Second “Chariot” Story

The Third “Chariot” Story

The Fourth “Chariot” Story

The Story of Earnest

The Story of Gopā

The Story of Keśinī

The Story of Lotus Color

The Butcher

The Story of Golden Color

The Cowherds

A Band of Friends

The Story of Abhaya

The Story of Lake of Jewels

The Story of Wealth’s Delight

The Bear: Two Stories

The First Story of the Bear

2.­459

When the Blessed One was in Rājagṛha and traveling in the Gayā region, he fell ill with a cold. An expert healer named Jīvaka advised him of the benefits of a medicinal butter called iron arrow. He prepared the butter decoction himself and offered it to the Blessed One. Since there was some left to spare, Jīvaka asked the Blessed One, “Lord, please tell me to whom I should give the leftover decoction.”

The Second Story of the Bear

The Story of Small Person with a Curving Spine

The Rākṣasa


3.

Part Three

3.­1
1. The Story of Kacaṅkalā
2. The Story of Kaineya
3. The Betrothal of the Bride: Two Stories
4. Cuts: Two Stories
5. Being Devoured
6. The Story of Nandaka
7. Chunks of Meat
8. The One Who Thought He Saw His Son
9. The Farmer
10. Death
11. A Story about Kokālika
12. The Tired Man
13. Morsel

The Story of Kacaṅkalā

3.­2

When the Blessed One was staying in Otalā Forest in Otalā, one morning he donned his lower garment and Dharma robes, and, carrying his alms bowl, went for alms in the villages of Otalā. At that time there was a certain woman who had taken a pot and gone out for water. From a distance, she saw that the Blessed One was beautiful, pleasing, his senses were at peace, his heart at peace, and his mind absolutely serene. He was as shining and radiant as a golden pillar.

The Story of Kaineya

The Betrothal of the Bride: Two Stories

The First “Betrothal of the Bride” Story

3.­105

When the Blessed One was in Śrāvastī, there lived two householders who were very close friends. One day, one of them said to the other, “My friend, let’s make certain that come what may, the bond between us can never be broken.”

“How could we do that?” asked the other householder.

“We have to become kin,” said the first.

3.­106

“Do you have a son or daughter?” wondered the other.

The Second “Betrothal of the Bride” Story

Cuts: Two Stories

The First “Cut” Story

3.­187

When the Blessed One was in Śrāvastī, it was Venerable Maudgalyāyana’s custom to wander from time to time among the hell beings, to wander among the anguished spirits, to wander among the animals, to wander among the humans, and to wander among the gods.

3.­188

When he returned, [F.142.b] he would relate to people how the hell beings suffer through being cut up, hacked apart, beaten, roasted, and so on. When he returned, he would also relate to people how the anguished spirits suffer through hunger, thirst, being burned, being incinerated, being cooked, and so on; how animals suffer as they eat one another; how human beings suffer through striving, anger, and exhaustion; and how the gods suffer through dying, falling, disintegrating, and decaying. Those who heard him were filled with sorrow, and from this sorrow they went on to achieve great things.

The Second “Cut” Story

Being Devoured

The Story of Nandaka

Chunks of Meat

The One Who Thought He Saw His Son

The Farmer

Death

A Story about Kokālika

The Tired Man

Morsel


4.

Part Four

4.­1
1. The Story of Maitrībala
2. The Dark Storm
3. Ants: Two Stories [F.177.a]
4. The Lay of the Land108
5. The Story of Āraṇyaka
6. The Elephant
7. The Nāga (1)
8. The Story of Siṃha
9. The Schism in the Saṅgha
10. The Dark Forest
11. The One Who Heard

The Story of Maitrībala

4.­2

When the Blessed One was in Śrāvastī, the following took place‍—providing a statement additional to the life story of Wealth’s Delight in explaining how the events of The Sūtra of the Setting in Motion of the Wheel of Dharma came about.109

4.­3

The monks requested him, “Lord, tell us why the Blessed One sated the group of five monks with a taste of the holy Dharma, establishing them in the unsurpassed, supreme welfare of nirvāṇa.”

The Dark Storm

Ants: Two Stories

The First “Ant” Story

4.­41

When the Blessed One was in Śrāvastī, Venerable All-Knowing Kauṇḍinya saw the truths, and when that happened eighty thousand gods saw the truths as well. The monks inquired of the Blessed One, “Lord, tell us why the Blessed One sated Kauṇḍinya and eighty thousand gods with a taste of the holy Dharma, establishing them in the unsurpassed, supreme welfare of nirvāṇa.”

The Second “Ant” Story

The Lay of the Land

The Story of Āraṇyaka

The Elephant

The Nāga (1)

The Story of Siṃha

The Schism in the Saṅgha

The Dark Forest

The One Who Heard


5.

Part Five

5.­1
1. The Story of Virūpa
2. The Story of Kṣemaṅkara
3. The Young Untouchable
4. The Story of Subhadra the Charioteer124
5. The Story of Sahadeva
6. The Bull
7. The Story of Good Compassion
8. The Story of Fleshy
9. The Story of Black
10. The Story of Iṣudhara
11. The Man Who Was Trampled
12. The Story of Jackal

The Story of Virūpa

5.­2

As the Blessed One was traveling through the countryside in the land of Garga, he came to Mount Śiśumāri and stayed there in the deer park in The Terrifying Forest. On Mount Śiśumāri there lived a certain householder, prosperous and wealthy, a person of vast and magnificent means, endowed with the wealth of Vaiśravaṇa‍—with wealth to rival Vaiśravaṇa’s. He took a wife of the same caste, and as they enjoyed themselves and coupled, one day his wife conceived. After nine or ten months had passed, she gave birth to a child who was ugly in eighteen different ways. [F.205.a]

The Story of Kṣemaṅkara

The Young Untouchable

The Story of Subhadra the Charioteer

The Story of Sahadeva

The Bull

The Story of Good Compassion

The Story of Fleshy

The Story of Black

The Story of Iṣudhara

The Man Who Was Trampled

The Story of Jackal


6.

Part Six

6.­1
1. The Bird: Two Stories
2. The Story of Majestic Body
3. The Teacher
4. A Story about Kāśyapa
5. A Story about Ānanda
6. The Story of Son of Grasping
7. The Story of Subhadra the Mendicant150
8. The Worthy of Offerings Litany
9. Latecomers: Two Stories

The Bird: Two Stories

The First Bird Story

6.­2

Once, when the Blessed One was staying at Vulture Peak Mountain in Rājagṛha teaching the Dharma amid a company of hundreds, from Gandhamādana Mountain a certain peacock named Beautiful to See came gliding through the sky over the garden of Prince Jeta.151 The bird overheard the Blessed One teaching the Dharma as he sat amid the company of hundreds, which inspired him to descend to the earth and alight at the feet of the Blessed One.

The Second Bird Story

The Story of Majestic Body

The Teacher

A Story about Kāśyapa

A Story about Ānanda

The Story of Son of Grasping

The Story of Subhadra the Mendicant

The Worthy of Offerings Litany

Latecomers to the Dharma: Two Stories

The First “Latecomer” Story

6.­442

When the Blessed One was in the garden of Prince Jeta in Śrāvastī, Anāthapiṇḍada commissioned the construction of a monastery complete in every respect. He offered it to the Blessed One and the rest of saṅgha of monks, and began to give gifts and make merit.

6.­443

At that time there was another householder in Śrāvastī who thought, “How can I outshine the householder Anāthapiṇḍada in gift giving?” Then he thought, “Aha! If I venture out onto the great ocean to Ratnadvīpa and complete my voyage, upon my return I shall be able to outshine the householder Anāthapiṇḍada’s gift giving.”

The Second “Latecomer” Story


7.

Part Seven

7.­1
1. The Story of Paṅgu
2. Bhādra
3. The Blind Man
4. The Story of Nirgrantha Kāśyapa
5. The Story of Foremost Kāśyapa
6. The Story of Mounted on an Elephant
7. The Story of Saraṇa
8. The Mṛgavratins
9. The Story of Candrā
10. The Kinnara Spirits: Two Stories

The Story of Paṅgu

7.­2

When the Blessed One was in Śrāvastī, there lived a certain householder who, when the time came for him to marry, took a wife. As they enjoyed themselves and coupled, one day his wife conceived. After nine or ten months had passed she gave birth to a child. The upper part of the child’s body was well proportioned, pleasing to the eye, and beautiful, but the limbs of his lower body were incomplete.

Bhādra

The Blind Man

The Story of Nirgrantha Kāśyapa

The Story of Foremost Kāśyapa

The Story of Mounted on an Elephant

The Story of Saraṇa

The Mṛgavratins

The Story of Candrā

The Kinnara Spirits: Two Stories

The First “Kinnara” Story

7.­251

When the Blessed One was in Śrāvastī, there lived a certain householder, prosperous and wealthy, a person of vast and magnificent means, endowed with the wealth of Vaiśravaṇa‍—with wealth to rival Vaiśravaṇa’s. When the time came for him to marry he took a wife, and as they enjoyed themselves and coupled, one day his wife conceived. After nine or ten months had passed, she gave birth to a child who was well proportioned, pleasing to the eye, and beautiful, with glowing, golden skin and a well-rounded head, long arms, a broad brow, a fine and prominent nose, and eyebrows that met. At the elaborate feast celebrating his birth they asked, “What name should we give this child?” and they named him, saying, “Since this boy is extremely beautiful, and his appearance just like that of a kinnara spirit, his name will be Kinnara.”

The Second “Kinnara” Story


8.

Part Eight

8.­1
1. The Story of Pūrṇa
2. The Sacrifice
3. The Lazy Man
4. A Story about Anāthapiṇḍada
5. The Humble One
6. Padmottama: Two Stories178
7. The Story of Sudarśana
8. The Story of Ratnaśikhin179
9. Wealth
10. The Story of Vijaya180

The Story of Pūrṇa

8.­2

When the Blessed One was in in Rājagṛha, in a remote mountain village in a valley to the south there lived a certain great, high brahmin. He was prosperous and wealthy, a person of vast and magnificent means, endowed with the wealth of Vaiśravaṇa‍—with wealth to rival Vaiśravaṇa’s. He had a loving nature, was compassionate, loved beings like a parent loves their child, and cared deeply for all beings. His name was Pūrṇa.

The Sacrifice

The Lazy Man

A Story about Anāthapiṇḍada

The Humble One

Padmottama: Two Stories

The First “Padmottama” Story

8.­71

When184 the Blessed One was in Śrāvastī, it was King Prasenajit’s custom to go to see the Blessed One three times a day. He would worship him with flowers, burning sticks of incense, [F.42.b] incense powders, and incense cones, then sit before him to listen to the Dharma.

8.­72

At that time a lotus bloomed out of season on a pond at a groundskeeper’s residence.185 The groundskeeper thought, “Three times a day King Prasenajit offers flowers, burning sticks of incense, incense powders, and incense cones to the ascetic Gautama, so I will give this lotus to him,” and he brought the lotus to Śrāvastī.

The Second “Padmottama” Story

The Story of Sudarśana

The Story of Ratnaśikhin

Wealth

The Story of Vijaya


9.

Part Nine

9.­1
1. The Sons
2. The Crevasse
3. The Ransom
4. The Attack
5. Trapped
6. The Partridge
7. Father, or The Story of Sudarśana189
8. The Bandits
9. The Piśācas
10. The Story of Head of Indra

The Sons

9.­2

When the Blessed One was in Śrāvastī, there lived a certain brahmin. When the time came for him to marry he took a wife, and as they enjoyed themselves and coupled, one day his wife conceived. After nine or ten months had passed she gave birth to a child who was well proportioned, pleasing to the eye, and beautiful. At the elaborate feast celebrating his birth they named him according to their clan. They reared him on milk, yogurt, butter, ghee, and milk solids.

The Crevasse

The Ransom

The Attack

Trapped

The Partridge

Father, or The Story of Sudarśana

The Bandits

The Piśācas

The Story of Head of Indra


10.

Part Ten

10.­1
1. Śakra
2. The King
3. The Hunter
4. The Story of Deluded202 [F.73.a]
5. The Brahmin: Three Stories
6. The Story of the Householder Govinda
7. The Quarrel
8. The Nāga (2)
9. Two Stories about King203 Śibi
10. Kauśāmbī

Śakra

10.­2

Among the gods of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three it is Śakra, King of the Gods, who reigns over the kingdom of the thirty-three gods. Five signs customarily appear when gods near the time of their death and transmigration: (1) Deities are illuminated from within, but at that time this light dwindles. (2) The clothing and ornaments of the gods of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three, as well as the branches of flowers and fruit that adorn their clothing, normally make very pleasant sounds when shaken by the wind, but at that time the sounds become unpleasant. (3) Deities’ clothing is soft to the touch, but at that time their clothing becomes very coarse. (4) No odor can cling to the body of a god, but at that time their bodies begin to reek. (5) Deities’ eyes never close, but at that time their eyes close.

The King

The Hunter

The Story of Deluded

The Brahmin: Three Stories

The First “Brahmin” Story

10.­205

When the Blessed One was in Śrāvastī, there lived a certain brahmin. As he prepared to perform a sacrifice, the brahmins who had gathered for the sacrifice from various regions thought, “Any sacrifice that gives rise to strife, reproof, conflict, and contention will not succeed.”

One day there was a dispute over the offerings at the site of the sacrifice between the brahmins gathered there from the countryside and those from the center of town. [F.99.b]

The Second “Brahmin” Story

The Third “Brahmin” Story

The Story of the Householder Govinda

The Quarrel

The Nāga (2)

Two Stories about King Śibi

The First Story about King Śibi

10.­371

As232 the Blessed One was traveling through the province of Mallā, he stepped off the road that led to the Antavān River and to Kuśinagarī and said to Venerable Ānanda, “Ānanda, make four folds in the Tathāgata’s upper garment, and lay it out. I will rest my sore back awhile.”

Venerable Ānanda said, “As you please, Lord.” Heeding the word of the Blessed One, he made four folds in the upper garment, laid it out, and informed the Blessed One, “Lord, I have made four folds in the Tathāgata’s upper garment and laid it out. Blessed One, please know that the time has come.”

The Second Story of King Śibi

Kauśāmbī


ab.

Abbreviations

C Choné (co ne) Kangyur
D Degé (sde dge) Kangyur
H Lhasa Zhöl (lha sa zhol) Kangyur
J Lithang (li thang) Kangyur
K Kangxi Peking (pe) Kangyur
KY Yongle (g.yung lo) Kangyur
N Narthang (snar thang) Kangyur
S Stok Palace Manuscript (stog pho brang bris ma) Kangyur
U Urga (khu)

n.

Notes

n.­1
Although commonly referred to in later Tibetan works by the short form las brgya pa, the title appears in most Kangyurs as las brgya tham pa, and in both D and S as las brgya tham pa pa. The Sanskrit title is universally given as Karmaśataka, but in Kangyurs of predominantly Thempangma line this is variously prefixed: by paravarna in S, Shey, and some of the Bhutan Kangyurs; by parivarna in the Phukdrak (phug brag) Kangyur; by parivarṇa in the Ulaanbaatar Kangyur; and by paripūrna in the Hemis, Dolpo, and Namgyal Kangyurs and the Langdo collection, this last variant meaning “full” or “complete” being the one that seems to make most sense.
n.­2
See Sarkar (1981) pp. 46–49.
n.­3
Perhaps a better definition is that of Sastri (1960) p. 72: “The word avadāna signifies a ‘great religious or moral achievement as well as the history of a great achievement.’ ”
n.­4
See Rotman (2008) pp. 19–20.
n.­5
See Chutiwongs (1978) p. 139; Sarkar (1981) p. 45.
n.­6
“Le Karma-Çataka me parait-être l’œuvre d’une École qui a voulu avoir son recueil de « Cent Légendes » se différenciant de l’Avadāna-Çataka par certaines particularités. Les deux recueils appartiendraient à deux Écoles rivales, non ennemies.” Feer (1901) p. 60.
n.­7
Some shared episodes are almost verbatim, but show interesting differences (see, for example, n.­73 and n.­76) that might on further investigation throw light on the history of its translation.
n.­8
There is a Mongolian version, but like others of its kind it is almost certain to have been translated from the Tibetan. See Skilling (2001) p. 140, n23.
n.­108
“The Lay of the Land,” for the Tib. spyod yul (Skt. gocara). The semantic range of this Skt. term makes it difficult to translate with one unique English equivalent. See variants in the story itself.
n.­109
The two parts of the narrative in The Story of Wealth’s Delight (2.­385 et seq. and 2.­430 et seq. above) recount respectively the “sūtra” (see below) itself, verbatim, and the Buddha’s explanation of his past relationship with the five monks who were his first disciples. The present story of Maitrībala is another episode in that past relationship. Note that the sūtra named in the text (chos kyi ’khor lo skor ba’i mdo, Skt. Dharmacakrapravartanasūtra) either refers to a sūtra that no longer exists as such, or is a general way of referring to that episode in the life of the Buddha as related in longer works. The sūtra with just that name in the Kangyur (Toh 31), and the Pali work from which it was translated, the Dhammacakkappavattana-sutta (Saṃyutta Nikāya 56), cover only part of the Buddha’s teaching to the monks, while the Kangyur sūtra called The Sūtra of the Wheel of Dharma (Dharmacakrasūtra, Toh 337) is an even shorter excerpt. See also n.­73 and n.­74.
n.­124
Note there is another story by the same name at 5.­97. The characters are apparently of no relation. We have chosen to differentiate the Eng. titles by appending “the charioteer” and “the mendicant” to their names, respectively.
n.­150
Note there is another story by the same name at 5.­97. We have chosen to differentiate the Eng. titles by appending “the charioteer” and “the mendicant” to their names, respectively.
n.­151
“Over the garden of Prince Jeta” should perhaps read “above Rājagṛha,” or “Vulture Peak Mountain,” since Rājagṛha is maybe 350 km from Vārāṇasī, where the garden of Prince Jeta is located. We surmise that this is a scribal error. S has the same reading. It is possible that the text is implying the peacock flew from Gandhamādana Mountain to Rājagṛha via Vārāṇasī, but this would be a rather circuitous route.
n.­178
Tib. pad ma yi bla ma. This is the title given in the contents section for this part; however, in the first story it is shortened to “Padma” (Tib. pad ma), and in the second story, it is shortened to Uttama. We have rendered all instances according to the title given in the contents section, Padmottama.
n.­179
Tib. rin chen gtsug tor can; Skt. Ratnaśikhin. In the contents section the title of this story is given as the Tib. rin chen gtsug tor, and here simply as rin po che, both of which we take as abbreviations for the Tib. rin chen gtsug tor can, given at the end of the story, and which we use to translate throughout.
n.­180
“Vijaya,” for the Tib. rnam par rgyal ba; title taken from the contents section, and reappears at the end of the story. At this point in the text, the title of the story is actually given as the Tib. stobs phrog, Skt. perhaps *Balaharī, Eng. perhaps “Steals Away Strength.” We have followed the contents section and rectified accordingly.
n.­184
Tib. pad ma yi bla ma. This is the title given in the contents section for this part; however, here it is shortened to “Padma” (Tib. pad ma), and in the second story, it is shortened to Uttama. We have rendered all instances according to the title given in the contents section, Padmottama.
n.­185
Read according to S: srung ba zhig ’dug pa’i mtsho. D reads: srung ma’i gnas dga’ ldan kyi pad ma’i mtsho.
n.­189
“Father, or The Story of Sudarśana”; this title combines two different titles‍—the one given in the contents section (“The Story of Sudarśana”) and that given as a heading to the story itself (“Father”).
n.­202
S, N, and H read rmos pa: “Plowman.”
n.­203
Here the Tib. lacks “King.”
n.­232
The title here lacks “King” in Tib.

b.

Bibliography

Source Texts

las brgya tham pa (Karmaśataka). Toh 340, Degé Kangyur vol. 73 (mdo sde, ha), folios 1.b–309.a, and vol. 74 (mdo sde, a), folios 1.b–128.b.

las brgya tham pa. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ‘jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–2009, vol. 73, pp. 3–837, and vol. 74, pp. 3–398.

las brgya tham pa (Karmaśataka). Stok Palace Kangyur vol. 80 (mdo sde, dza), folios 2–825, and vol. 81 (mdo sde, a), folios 2–474.

Works Cited

Sanskrit Works

Gnoli, Raniero and Venkatacharya, T., ed. The Gilgit manuscript of the Saṅghabhedavastu: Being the 17th and last section of the Vinaya of the Mūlasarvāstivādin, Part I. Roma: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1977.

Vaidya, P. L., ed. Avadāna-Śataka. Darbhanga: Mithilā Institute of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Sanskrit Learning, 1958.

Tibetan Works

Butön Rinchen Drup (bu ston rin chen grub). chos kyi ’byung gnas gsung rab rin po che’i gter mdzod. In: gsung ’bum (zhol par ma/ ldi lir bskyar par brgyab pa), vol 24 (ya), pp. 633–1055. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture, 1965–1971. English translations: see Obermiller, and Stein and Zangpo, below.

Denkarma (pho brang stod thang ldan [/ lhan] dkar gyi chos ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Degé Tengyur, vol. 206 (sna tshogs, jo), folios 294.b - 310.a.

chos kyi ’khor lo rab tu bskor ba’i mdo (Dharmacakrapravartanasūtra). Toh 31, Degé Kangyur vol. 45 (mdo sde, ka), folios 180b–83a.

dge slong ma’i so sor thar pa’i mdo (Bhikṣunīprātimokṣasūtra). Toh 4, Degé Kangyur vol. 9 (’dul ba, ta), folios 1b–25a.

’dul ba’i mdo (Vinayasūtra). Toh 4117, Degé Tengyur vol. 261 (’dul ba, wu), folios 1a–100b.

so sor thar pa’i mdo (Prātimokṣasūtra). Toh 2, Degé Kangyur vol. 5 (’dul ba, ca), folios 1b–20a.

Secondary Sources

Ancient Tibet: Research Materials from the Yeshe De Project. Berkeley, CA: Dharma Publishing, 1986.

Angdu, Sonam. Tibeto-Sanskrit Lexographical Materials. Leh, Ladakh: Basgo Tongspon Publication, 1973.

Berzin, Alexander. “The Thirty-two Excellent Signs (Major Marks) of a Buddha’s Enlightening Body.” The Buddhist Archives of Dr. Alexander Berzin. Accessed February 2, 2013.

Obermiller, E., trans. The History of Buddhism in India and Tibet by Bu Ston (Chos-ḥbyung). Materialien zur Kunde des Buddhismus 13. Heidelberg: Institut für Buddhismus-Kunde, 1932. Reprinted Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1986.

Burnouf, Eugène. Introduction to the History of Indian Buddhism. Translated by K. Buffetrille and Donald. S. Lopez, Jr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.

Chandra, Lokesh. Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary. Kyōto-shi: Rinsen Shoten, 1982.

Chandra Das, Sarat. A Tibetan-English Dictionary, with Sanskrit Synonyms. Revised and edited by Graham Sandberg and A. William Heyde. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1991.

Chandrakīrti and Mikyo Dorje. The Moon of Wisdom: Chapter Six of Chandrakirti’s Entering the Middle Way. Translated by Ari Goldfield et al. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2005.

Chutiwongs, Nandana. “On the Jātaka reliefs at Cula Pathon Cetiya.” Journal of the Siam Society 66, no. 1 (1978): 133–51.

Duff, Tony. The Illuminator Tibetan-English Encyclopaedic Dictionary [computer software]. Kathmandu, Nepal: Padma Karpo Translation Committee.

Dharmachakra Translation Committee. The Play in Full. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2013.

Dharmachakra Translation Committee. The Sūtra of the Wheel of Dharma. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2018.

Edgerton, Franklin. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary (Volume II: Dictionary). New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953.

Feer, M. Léon. “Le Karma-Çataka.” Journal Asiatique 17 (1901): 53–100, 257–315, 410–86.

Gampopa. The Jewel Ornament of Liberation: The Wish-Fulfilling Gem of the Noble Teachings. Translated by Khenpo Konchog Gyaltsen Rinpoche. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1998.

Gö Lotsāwa. The Blue Annals. Translated by George N. Roerich. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, 1996.

Herrmann-Pfandt, Adelheid. Die lHan kar ma. Ein früher Katalog der ins Tibetische. übersetzten buddhistischen Texte. Kritische Neuausgabe mit Einleitung und Materialien. Vol. 367 of Philosphisch-Historische Klasse Denkschriften. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2009.

Horner, I.B., trans. The Book of Discipline (Vinaya-Piṭaka), Vol. I (Suttavibhaṅga). Sacred Books of the Buddhists, Vol. X. London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1938.

‍—‍—‍—. The Book of Discipline (Vinaya-Piṭaka), Vol. IV (Mahā­vagga). Sacred Books of the Buddhists, Vol. XIV. London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1951.

Jamspal, Lozang. “The Thirty-Seven Wings of Enlightenment.” Lecture conducted at International Buddhist College, Pak Thong Chai, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, September 10, 2012.

Lancaster, Lewis R. The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979.

Lessing, F.D. and A. Wayman. Introduction to the Buddhist Tantric Systems. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983.

The Mahā­bhārata I: The Book of the Beginning. Edited and translated by Van Buitenen, J.A.B. University of Chicago Press, 1973.

Malalasekera, Gunapala Piyasena. Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names. Melksham, UK: Pali Text Society, 1937–1938/1997. Accessed February 2, 2013.

Martin, Dan. Tibetan–English Dictionary [computer software]. Kathmandu, Nepal: Rangjung Yeshe Institute.

Miller, Robert. The Chapter on Going Forth (Pravrajyāvastu, Toh 1-1). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2018.

Miller, Robert. The Chapter on a Schism in the Saṅgha (Saṅghabhedavastu, Toh 1-17). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, forthcoming.

Monier-Williams, Sir Monier. A Sanskṛit-English dictionary: etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Anglo-Saxon, and other cognate Indo-European languages. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1888.

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g.

Glossary

g.­1

Abhaya

  • ’jigs med
  • འཇིགས་མེད།
  • Abhaya

A future solitary buddha.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­1
  • 2.­363
g.­2

Abodes of the Four Great Kings

  • rgyal chen bzhi’i ris
  • རྒྱལ་ཆེན་བཞིའི་རིས།
  • Cāturmahā­rājakāyika

One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, lowest among the six heavens of the desire realm. Dwelling place of the four great kings, traditionally located on a terrace of Sumeru, just below the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

12 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­6
  • 2.­24
  • 2.­43
  • 2.­61
  • 2.­271
  • 2.­351
  • 2.­410
  • 3.­52
  • 4.­132
  • 6.­282
  • 6.­283
  • g.­231
g.­3

Absorption of neither discrimination nor non-discrimination

  • ’du shes min ’du shes med min
  • ’du shes min ’du shes med min gyi snyom ’jug
  • འདུ་ཤེས་མིན་འདུ་ཤེས་མེད་མིན།
  • འདུ་ཤེས་མིན་འདུ་ཤེས་མེད་མིན་གྱི་སྙོམ་འཇུག
  • naivasaṃjñānāsaṃjñā

Fourth of the four types of formless meditative absorptions (caturārūpyasamāpatti, gzugs med snyoms ’jug bzhi) (Rigzin 369).

2 passages contain this term:

  • 7.­140
  • 7.­201
g.­4

Act

  • las
  • ལས།
  • karman

See “action.”

145 passages contain this term:

  • i.­1
  • i.­9
  • 1.­37
  • 1.­38
  • 1.­72
  • 1.­83
  • 1.­84
  • 1.­85
  • 1.­125
  • 1.­129
  • 1.­136
  • 1.­169
  • 1.­170
  • 1.­195
  • 1.­276
  • 1.­301
  • 1.­310
  • 1.­313
  • 1.­338
  • 1.­351
  • 1.­401
  • 1.­438
  • 1.­439
  • 2.­19
  • 2.­37
  • 2.­56
  • 2.­74
  • 2.­104
  • 2.­105
  • 2.­130
  • 2.­190
  • 2.­191
  • 2.­199
  • 2.­224
  • 2.­229
  • 2.­230
  • 2.­257
  • 2.­262
  • 2.­284
  • 2.­287
  • 2.­341
  • 2.­363
  • 2.­383
  • 2.­437
  • 2.­505
  • 2.­551
  • 2.­558
  • 2.­559
  • 2.­568
  • 2.­569
  • 2.­601
  • 2.­604
  • 2.­607
  • 3.­10
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­171
  • 3.­205
  • 3.­209
  • 3.­210
  • 3.­226
  • 3.­227
  • 3.­239
  • 3.­255
  • 3.­267
  • 3.­277
  • 3.­279
  • 3.­284
  • 3.­347
  • 3.­387
  • 4.­90
  • 4.­110
  • 4.­145
  • 4.­163
  • 4.­164
  • 4.­167
  • 4.­182
  • 4.­231
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­6
  • 5.­27
  • 5.­28
  • 5.­46
  • 5.­95
  • 5.­104
  • 5.­112
  • 5.­123
  • 5.­125
  • 5.­166
  • 5.­167
  • 5.­168
  • 5.­181
  • 5.­219
  • 5.­236
  • 5.­248
  • 5.­288
  • 5.­290
  • 5.­309
  • 5.­322
  • 5.­330
  • 5.­331
  • 5.­334
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­31
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­76
  • 6.­157
  • 6.­251
  • 6.­263
  • 6.­266
  • 6.­306
  • 6.­412
  • 6.­441
  • 7.­23
  • 7.­24
  • 7.­63
  • 7.­64
  • 7.­73
  • 7.­164
  • 7.­191
  • 7.­217
  • 7.­218
  • 7.­232
  • 8.­20
  • 8.­22
  • 8.­42
  • 8.­87
  • 9.­64
  • 9.­87
  • 9.­118
  • 9.­136
  • 9.­138
  • 10.­52
  • 10.­53
  • 10.­54
  • 10.­92
  • 10.­94
  • 10.­195
  • 10.­201
  • 10.­202
  • 10.­327
  • 10.­362
  • 10.­397
  • 10.­441
  • n.­243
  • g.­7
g.­7

Action

  • las
  • ལས།
  • karman

Any volitional act, whether of body, speech, or mind. Also rendered here as “act,” “karma,” and “deed.”

239 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­7
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­38
  • 1.­39
  • 1.­40
  • 1.­70
  • 1.­71
  • 1.­123
  • 1.­124
  • 1.­131
  • 1.­160
  • 1.­161
  • 1.­169
  • 1.­170
  • 1.­269
  • 1.­295
  • 1.­308
  • 1.­309
  • 1.­341
  • 1.­391
  • 1.­430
  • 1.­431
  • 1.­438
  • 1.­439
  • 2.­19
  • 2.­37
  • 2.­56
  • 2.­74
  • 2.­78
  • 2.­85
  • 2.­97
  • 2.­107
  • 2.­109
  • 2.­112
  • 2.­142
  • 2.­143
  • 2.­147
  • 2.­176
  • 2.­183
  • 2.­194
  • 2.­195
  • 2.­204
  • 2.­205
  • 2.­206
  • 2.­207
  • 2.­208
  • 2.­216
  • 2.­222
  • 2.­225
  • 2.­255
  • 2.­256
  • 2.­259
  • 2.­260
  • 2.­261
  • 2.­285
  • 2.­286
  • 2.­341
  • 2.­363
  • 2.­377
  • 2.­508
  • 2.­511
  • 2.­521
  • 2.­525
  • 2.­532
  • 2.­534
  • 2.­535
  • 2.­537
  • 2.­538
  • 2.­545
  • 2.­546
  • 2.­548
  • 2.­549
  • 2.­550
  • 2.­588
  • 2.­603
  • 3.­10
  • 3.­11
  • 3.­44
  • 3.­54
  • 3.­98
  • 3.­118
  • 3.­146
  • 3.­192
  • 3.­193
  • 3.­198
  • 3.­199
  • 3.­211
  • 3.­215
  • 3.­216
  • 3.­217
  • 3.­218
  • 3.­222
  • 3.­223
  • 3.­224
  • 3.­226
  • 3.­227
  • 3.­228
  • 3.­232
  • 3.­233
  • 3.­234
  • 3.­237
  • 3.­238
  • 3.­244
  • 3.­245
  • 3.­249
  • 3.­260
  • 3.­261
  • 3.­265
  • 3.­267
  • 3.­279
  • 3.­280
  • 3.­303
  • 3.­304
  • 3.­307
  • 3.­308
  • 3.­319
  • 3.­329
  • 3.­357
  • 3.­358
  • 3.­385
  • 3.­386
  • 3.­396
  • 3.­397
  • 3.­401
  • 3.­402
  • 3.­406
  • 3.­407
  • 3.­414
  • 3.­427
  • 4.­86
  • 4.­107
  • 4.­108
  • 4.­111
  • 4.­151
  • 4.­152
  • 4.­158
  • 4.­159
  • 4.­161
  • 4.­165
  • 4.­180
  • 4.­181
  • 4.­188
  • 4.­194
  • 4.­199
  • 4.­221
  • 5.­14
  • 5.­15
  • 5.­22
  • 5.­23
  • 5.­65
  • 5.­89
  • 5.­116
  • 5.­117
  • 5.­163
  • 5.­202
  • 5.­249
  • 5.­251
  • 5.­276
  • 5.­286
  • 5.­320
  • 5.­321
  • 5.­332
  • 5.­333
  • 6.­10
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­29
  • 6.­72
  • 6.­112
  • 6.­113
  • 6.­114
  • 6.­115
  • 6.­264
  • 6.­265
  • 6.­268
  • 6.­299
  • 6.­303
  • 6.­305
  • 6.­409
  • 6.­435
  • 6.­438
  • 6.­501
  • 7.­15
  • 7.­21
  • 7.­23
  • 7.­57
  • 7.­67
  • 7.­108
  • 7.­110
  • 7.­129
  • 7.­133
  • 7.­155
  • 7.­209
  • 7.­210
  • 7.­228
  • 7.­229
  • 7.­246
  • 9.­53
  • 9.­85
  • 9.­86
  • 9.­88
  • 9.­89
  • 9.­99
  • 9.­130
  • 9.­156
  • 9.­157
  • 9.­159
  • 9.­161
  • 9.­175
  • 9.­181
  • 10.­87
  • 10.­190
  • 10.­191
  • 10.­192
  • 10.­193
  • 10.­194
  • 10.­201
  • 10.­214
  • 10.­248
  • 10.­275
  • 10.­318
  • 10.­361
  • 10.­451
  • 10.­453
  • 10.­454
  • n.­47
  • n.­62
  • n.­134
  • n.­147
  • g.­4
  • g.­121
  • g.­176
  • g.­270
  • g.­458
  • g.­478
  • g.­579
  • g.­584
g.­20

All-Knowing One

  • thams cad mkhyen pa
  • ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་པ།
  • sarvajña

An epithet of the buddhas. Salutation to the All-Knowing One at the beginning of a Buddhist text typically indicates its designation in the Vinaya Piṭaka.

1 passage contains this term:

  • p.­1
g.­24

Ānanda

  • kun dga’ bo
  • ཀུན་དགའ་བོ།
  • Ānanda

A monk of the Buddha’s order, brother of Devadatta, who for twenty-five years served as the Buddha’s personal attendant. Second in the apostolic succession that carried on the Buddha’s teachings after his parinirvāṇa.

110 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­11
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­19
  • 2.­29
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­37
  • 2.­48
  • 2.­55
  • 2.­56
  • 2.­66
  • 2.­73
  • 2.­74
  • 2.­87
  • 2.­94
  • 2.­95
  • 2.­96
  • 2.­97
  • 2.­98
  • 2.­214
  • 2.­215
  • 2.­216
  • 2.­217
  • 2.­221
  • 2.­276
  • 2.­283
  • 2.­284
  • 2.­343
  • 2.­344
  • 2.­355
  • 2.­362
  • 2.­363
  • 2.­465
  • 2.­531
  • 2.­533
  • 2.­534
  • 2.­585
  • 2.­586
  • 2.­587
  • 2.­588
  • 2.­589
  • 4.­122
  • 4.­137
  • 4.­144
  • 4.­145
  • 5.­244
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­136
  • 6.­139
  • 6.­140
  • 6.­142
  • 6.­235
  • 6.­236
  • 6.­241
  • 6.­243
  • 6.­244
  • 6.­246
  • 6.­339
  • 6.­340
  • 6.­341
  • 6.­342
  • 6.­351
  • 6.­352
  • 6.­407
  • 6.­408
  • 6.­458
  • 6.­460
  • 6.­463
  • 6.­464
  • 6.­465
  • 6.­467
  • 6.­468
  • 6.­469
  • 6.­470
  • 6.­472
  • 6.­474
  • 6.­475
  • 6.­476
  • 6.­477
  • 6.­478
  • 6.­480
  • 6.­481
  • 6.­484
  • 6.­487
  • 6.­488
  • 6.­495
  • 7.­55
  • 7.­56
  • 7.­57
  • 7.­58
  • 8.­46
  • 8.­47
  • 8.­48
  • 8.­50
  • 9.­71
  • 10.­125
  • 10.­126
  • 10.­152
  • 10.­371
  • 10.­373
  • 10.­374
  • 10.­375
  • 10.­377
  • 10.­378
  • 10.­379
  • 10.­383
  • 10.­394
  • n.­173
  • n.­216
  • g.­128
  • g.­206
g.­25

Anāthapiṇḍada

  • mgon med zas sbyin
  • མགོན་མེད་ཟས་སྦྱིན།
  • Anāthapiṇḍada

A wealthy householder of Śrāvastī renowned for his generosity, he spent a small fortune to purchase the garden of Prince Jeta, built a monastery there, and offered both to the Buddha.

36 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­121
  • 1.­122
  • 1.­357
  • 1.­359
  • 2.­217
  • 2.­219
  • 5.­188
  • 6.­55
  • 6.­56
  • 6.­442
  • 6.­443
  • 6.­444
  • 6.­445
  • 6.­447
  • 6.­448
  • 6.­450
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­42
  • 8.­43
  • 8.­44
  • 8.­52
  • 8.­53
  • 8.­54
  • 8.­57
  • 8.­58
  • 8.­59
  • 8.­61
  • 8.­62
  • 8.­66
  • 8.­74
  • 8.­75
  • 8.­108
  • 10.­179
  • 10.­230
  • g.­192
  • g.­444
g.­27

Anguished spirit

  • yi dags
  • yi dwags
  • ཡི་དགས།
  • ཡི་དྭགས།
  • preta

Also called a “hungry ghost,” an inhabitant of one of the three lower realms who suffers constantly from insatiable hunger and thirst, the karmic fruition of past miserliness. See “five destinies.”

80 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­201
  • 2.­9
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­46
  • 2.­64
  • 2.­274
  • 2.­354
  • 2.­567
  • 2.­569
  • 3.­187
  • 3.­188
  • 3.­195
  • 3.­196
  • 3.­214
  • 3.­215
  • 3.­219
  • 3.­220
  • 3.­221
  • 3.­222
  • 3.­224
  • 3.­226
  • 3.­230
  • 3.­231
  • 3.­232
  • 3.­234
  • 3.­235
  • 3.­236
  • 3.­237
  • 3.­239
  • 3.­241
  • 3.­242
  • 3.­243
  • 3.­245
  • 3.­246
  • 3.­247
  • 3.­248
  • 3.­249
  • 3.­255
  • 3.­257
  • 3.­258
  • 3.­259
  • 3.­261
  • 3.­262
  • 3.­263
  • 3.­264
  • 3.­265
  • 3.­267
  • 3.­399
  • 3.­400
  • 3.­404
  • 3.­405
  • 3.­407
  • 4.­90
  • 4.­117
  • 4.­135
  • 5.­246
  • 5.­249
  • 5.­299
  • 5.­302
  • 5.­304
  • 5.­305
  • 5.­307
  • 5.­308
  • 5.­309
  • 5.­311
  • 5.­332
  • 5.­333
  • 5.­334
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­280
  • 6.­281
  • 6.­426
  • 6.­498
  • 7.­65
  • 10.­232
  • 10.­413
  • 10.­414
  • g.­167
  • g.­191
  • g.­479
g.­29

Antavān River

  • mtha’ ldan
  • chu klung mtha’ dang ldan pa
  • མཐའ་ལྡན།
  • ཆུ་ཀླུང་མཐའ་དང་ལྡན་པ།
  • Antavān

A river in the province of Mallā in the vicinity of Kuśinagarī.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 10.­371
g.­33

Āraṇyaka

  • dgon pa pa
  • dgon pa ba
  • དགོན་པ་པ།
  • དགོན་པ་བ།
  • Āraṇyaka

“Forest Dweller,” the name of the son of householders in Śrāvastī, he preferred seclusion, eventually attaining arhatship.

4 passages contain this term:

  • 4.­1
  • 4.­80
  • 4.­81
  • 4.­86
g.­38

Ascetic

  • dge sbyong
  • དགེ་སྦྱོང་།
  • śramaṇa

A mendicant; sometimes employed as a title of the Buddha.

110 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­446
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­32
  • 2.­39
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­69
  • 2.­102
  • 2.­111
  • 2.­116
  • 2.­155
  • 2.­279
  • 2.­358
  • 2.­386
  • 2.­409
  • 2.­412
  • 2.­436
  • 2.­442
  • 2.­461
  • 2.­462
  • 2.­464
  • 2.­554
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­31
  • 3.­32
  • 3.­73
  • 3.­83
  • 3.­285
  • 3.­286
  • 3.­299
  • 3.­388
  • 3.­390
  • 3.­391
  • 3.­393
  • 3.­395
  • 3.­396
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­98
  • 4.­140
  • 4.­159
  • 4.­171
  • 4.­172
  • 4.­173
  • 4.­174
  • 4.­175
  • 4.­176
  • 4.­177
  • 4.­178
  • 4.­193
  • 5.­191
  • 5.­198
  • 5.­199
  • 5.­200
  • 5.­201
  • 5.­266
  • 5.­267
  • 5.­296
  • 5.­333
  • 6.­36
  • 6.­38
  • 6.­45
  • 6.­165
  • 6.­262
  • 6.­266
  • 6.­267
  • 6.­268
  • 6.­319
  • 6.­348
  • 6.­349
  • 6.­359
  • 7.­74
  • 7.­75
  • 7.­77
  • 7.­104
  • 7.­220
  • 7.­237
  • 7.­254
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­11
  • 8.­25
  • 8.­34
  • 8.­48
  • 8.­62
  • 8.­72
  • 8.­75
  • 8.­96
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­9
  • 10.­55
  • 10.­56
  • 10.­58
  • 10.­59
  • 10.­102
  • 10.­107
  • 10.­149
  • 10.­153
  • 10.­178
  • 10.­230
  • 10.­232
  • 10.­250
  • 10.­258
  • 10.­268
  • 10.­364
  • 10.­373
  • g.­378
  • g.­382
  • g.­411
  • g.­417
  • g.­622
g.­58

Beautiful to See

  • blta na sdug
  • བལྟ་ན་སྡུག
  • Sudarśana

Peacock who overheard the Buddha teaching on Vulture Peak Mountain.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 6.­2
g.­61

Bhādra

  • khrums stod
  • grum stod
  • khrum stod
  • ཁྲུམས་སྟོད།
  • གྲུམ་སྟོད།
  • ཁྲུམ་སྟོད།
  • Bhādra

1 passage contains this term:

  • 7.­1
g.­67

Black (a brahmin)

  • nag po
  • ནག་པོ།
  • Kāla
  • Kṛṣṇa

A certain dark-complected brahmin youth who became a sage, then heard the Dharma from the Buddha, became ordained, and manifested arhatship.

Not to be confused with Black the yakṣa who also appears in his story, nor with Kāla the nāga king (whose name in Tib. is the same nag po).

13 passages contain this term:

  • 5.­1
  • 5.­211
  • 5.­212
  • 5.­213
  • 5.­215
  • 5.­217
  • 5.­218
  • 5.­220
  • 5.­222
  • 5.­223
  • 5.­230
  • g.­68
  • g.­264
g.­71

Blessed one

  • bcom ldan ’das
  • བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
  • bhagavān

An epithet of the buddhas.

1,275 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­2
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­8
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­41
  • 1.­43
  • 1.­70
  • 1.­71
  • 1.­87
  • 1.­118
  • 1.­119
  • 1.­120
  • 1.­121
  • 1.­122
  • 1.­123
  • 1.­124
  • 1.­131
  • 1.­135
  • 1.­138
  • 1.­144
  • 1.­145
  • 1.­146
  • 1.­147
  • 1.­148
  • 1.­151
  • 1.­152
  • 1.­153
  • 1.­154
  • 1.­155
  • 1.­156
  • 1.­157
  • 1.­159
  • 1.­160
  • 1.­161
  • 1.­164
  • 1.­169
  • 1.­170
  • 1.­172
  • 1.­185
  • 1.­186
  • 1.­194
  • 1.­230
  • 1.­231
  • 1.­232
  • 1.­233
  • 1.­234
  • 1.­235
  • 1.­237
  • 1.­238
  • 1.­251
  • 1.­253
  • 1.­264
  • 1.­266
  • 1.­268
  • 1.­269
  • 1.­270
  • 1.­278
  • 1.­285
  • 1.­291
  • 1.­292
  • 1.­293
  • 1.­294
  • 1.­295
  • 1.­296
  • 1.­303
  • 1.­304
  • 1.­305
  • 1.­306
  • 1.­307
  • 1.­308
  • 1.­309
  • 1.­315
  • 1.­338
  • 1.­341
  • 1.­342
  • 1.­354
  • 1.­355
  • 1.­356
  • 1.­357
  • 1.­358
  • 1.­359
  • 1.­360
  • 1.­361
  • 1.­363
  • 1.­383
  • 1.­384
  • 1.­385
  • 1.­386
  • 1.­387
  • 1.­388
  • 1.­389
  • 1.­390
  • 1.­391
  • 1.­394
  • 1.­404
  • 1.­416
  • 1.­420
  • 1.­421
  • 1.­422
  • 1.­423
  • 1.­424
  • 1.­426
  • 1.­427
  • 1.­428
  • 1.­429
  • 1.­430
  • 1.­431
  • 1.­442
  • 1.­443
  • 1.­446
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­5
  • 2.­9
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­18
  • 2.­20
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­29
  • 2.­36
  • 2.­38
  • 2.­39
  • 2.­42
  • 2.­46
  • 2.­48
  • 2.­55
  • 2.­57
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­64
  • 2.­66
  • 2.­73
  • 2.­75
  • 2.­82
  • 2.­87
  • 2.­88
  • 2.­89
  • 2.­90
  • 2.­91
  • 2.­92
  • 2.­93
  • 2.­94
  • 2.­95
  • 2.­96
  • 2.­97
  • 2.­98
  • 2.­115
  • 2.­116
  • 2.­123
  • 2.­142
  • 2.­143
  • 2.­147
  • 2.­148
  • 2.­152
  • 2.­165
  • 2.­177
  • 2.­179
  • 2.­181
  • 2.­182
  • 2.­183
  • 2.­195
  • 2.­200
  • 2.­202
  • 2.­203
  • 2.­205
  • 2.­212
  • 2.­216
  • 2.­218
  • 2.­219
  • 2.­220
  • 2.­222
  • 2.­223
  • 2.­225
  • 2.­233
  • 2.­235
  • 2.­236
  • 2.­237
  • 2.­238
  • 2.­239
  • 2.­240
  • 2.­242
  • 2.­244
  • 2.­245
  • 2.­246
  • 2.­248
  • 2.­249
  • 2.­250
  • 2.­251
  • 2.­252
  • 2.­253
  • 2.­255
  • 2.­256
  • 2.­261
  • 2.­262
  • 2.­265
  • 2.­266
  • 2.­267
  • 2.­270
  • 2.­274
  • 2.­276
  • 2.­283
  • 2.­285
  • 2.­286
  • 2.­311
  • 2.­314
  • 2.­319
  • 2.­320
  • 2.­321
  • 2.­323
  • 2.­324
  • 2.­325
  • 2.­326
  • 2.­327
  • 2.­342
  • 2.­343
  • 2.­344
  • 2.­345
  • 2.­346
  • 2.­347
  • 2.­350
  • 2.­354
  • 2.­355
  • 2.­362
  • 2.­364
  • 2.­375
  • 2.­377
  • 2.­378
  • 2.­380
  • 2.­385
  • 2.­386
  • 2.­387
  • 2.­388
  • 2.­389
  • 2.­391
  • 2.­392
  • 2.­393
  • 2.­394
  • 2.­406
  • 2.­407
  • 2.­409
  • 2.­411
  • 2.­413
  • 2.­414
  • 2.­419
  • 2.­420
  • 2.­429
  • 2.­430
  • 2.­431
  • 2.­456
  • 2.­459
  • 2.­460
  • 2.­461
  • 2.­462
  • 2.­463
  • 2.­465
  • 2.­466
  • 2.­467
  • 2.­468
  • 2.­487
  • 2.­509
  • 2.­514
  • 2.­517
  • 2.­519
  • 2.­522
  • 2.­523
  • 2.­525
  • 2.­526
  • 2.­527
  • 2.­528
  • 2.­529
  • 2.­530
  • 2.­548
  • 2.­549
  • 2.­572
  • 2.­576
  • 2.­578
  • 2.­580
  • 2.­581
  • 2.­582
  • 2.­583
  • 2.­584
  • 2.­585
  • 2.­586
  • 2.­587
  • 2.­588
  • 2.­608
  • 3.­2
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­4
  • 3.­5
  • 3.­6
  • 3.­7
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­9
  • 3.­10
  • 3.­11
  • 3.­12
  • 3.­16
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­18
  • 3.­19
  • 3.­20
  • 3.­21
  • 3.­26
  • 3.­27
  • 3.­30
  • 3.­32
  • 3.­33
  • 3.­34
  • 3.­35
  • 3.­36
  • 3.­37
  • 3.­39
  • 3.­40
  • 3.­41
  • 3.­42
  • 3.­43
  • 3.­44
  • 3.­45
  • 3.­54
  • 3.­55
  • 3.­56
  • 3.­57
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­59
  • 3.­66
  • 3.­68
  • 3.­70
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­72
  • 3.­73
  • 3.­74
  • 3.­75
  • 3.­77
  • 3.­78
  • 3.­79
  • 3.­80
  • 3.­81
  • 3.­82
  • 3.­84
  • 3.­85
  • 3.­87
  • 3.­90
  • 3.­91
  • 3.­92
  • 3.­98
  • 3.­99
  • 3.­105
  • 3.­109
  • 3.­110
  • 3.­116
  • 3.­117
  • 3.­118
  • 3.­119
  • 3.­126
  • 3.­132
  • 3.­133
  • 3.­135
  • 3.­136
  • 3.­137
  • 3.­143
  • 3.­146
  • 3.­147
  • 3.­154
  • 3.­187
  • 3.­193
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  • 3.­199
  • 3.­201
  • 3.­210
  • 3.­211
  • 3.­212
  • 3.­213
  • 3.­218
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  • 3.­224
  • 3.­228
  • 3.­229
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  • 3.­234
  • 3.­235
  • 3.­238
  • 3.­240
  • 3.­241
  • 3.­245
  • 3.­246
  • 3.­249
  • 3.­256
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  • 3.­261
  • 3.­262
  • 3.­265
  • 3.­268
  • 3.­269
  • 3.­270
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  • 3.­273
  • 3.­275
  • 3.­276
  • 3.­277
  • 3.­278
  • 3.­279
  • 3.­280
  • 3.­283
  • 3.­284
  • 3.­287
  • 3.­292
  • 3.­293
  • 3.­294
  • 3.­295
  • 3.­300
  • 3.­301
  • 3.­302
  • 3.­303
  • 3.­304
  • 3.­309
  • 3.­311
  • 3.­313
  • 3.­314
  • 3.­315
  • 3.­316
  • 3.­319
  • 3.­320
  • 3.­321
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  • 3.­323
  • 3.­324
  • 3.­332
  • 3.­336
  • 3.­337
  • 3.­338
  • 3.­343
  • 3.­353
  • 3.­354
  • 3.­355
  • 3.­360
  • 3.­365
  • 3.­371
  • 3.­378
  • 3.­385
  • 3.­386
  • 3.­398
  • 3.­399
  • 3.­402
  • 3.­403
  • 3.­404
  • 3.­407
  • 3.­415
  • 3.­416
  • 3.­417
  • 3.­418
  • 3.­422
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­4
  • 4.­21
  • 4.­22
  • 4.­23
  • 4.­27
  • 4.­28
  • 4.­29
  • 4.­30
  • 4.­31
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­34
  • 4.­41
  • 4.­42
  • 4.­50
  • 4.­51
  • 4.­59
  • 4.­64
  • 4.­65
  • 4.­66
  • 4.­76
  • 4.­86
  • 4.­87
  • 4.­88
  • 4.­92
  • 4.­93
  • 4.­95
  • 4.­96
  • 4.­97
  • 4.­98
  • 4.­102
  • 4.­103
  • 4.­104
  • 4.­105
  • 4.­107
  • 4.­112
  • 4.­118
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  • 4.­120
  • 4.­121
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  • 4.­123
  • 4.­124
  • 4.­127
  • 4.­128
  • 4.­129
  • 4.­131
  • 4.­135
  • 4.­137
  • 4.­144
  • 4.­146
  • 4.­151
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  • 4.­165
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  • 4.­169
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  • 4.­180
  • 4.­189
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  • 4.­199
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  • 4.­211
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  • 4.­215
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  • 4.­217
  • 4.­218
  • 4.­219
  • 4.­221
  • 4.­233
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­11
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­16
  • 5.­17
  • 5.­18
  • 5.­19
  • 5.­20
  • 5.­21
  • 5.­22
  • 5.­23
  • 5.­32
  • 5.­53
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  • 5.­58
  • 5.­59
  • 5.­65
  • 5.­71
  • 5.­82
  • 5.­85
  • 5.­86
  • 5.­87
  • 5.­88
  • 5.­89
  • 5.­105
  • 5.­106
  • 5.­109
  • 5.­110
  • 5.­111
  • 5.­112
  • 5.­115
  • 5.­116
  • 5.­117
  • 5.­119
  • 5.­136
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  • 5.­139
  • 5.­140
  • 5.­141
  • 5.­142
  • 5.­143
  • 5.­154
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  • 5.­163
  • 5.­170
  • 5.­177
  • 5.­178
  • 5.­179
  • 5.­180
  • 5.­186
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  • 5.­202
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  • 5.­211
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  • 5.­236
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  • 5.­245
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  • 5.­251
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  • 5.­255
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  • 5.­264
  • 5.­268
  • 5.­270
  • 5.­271
  • 5.­272
  • 5.­273
  • 5.­274
  • 5.­275
  • 5.­276
  • 5.­277
  • 5.­291
  • 5.­307
  • 5.­308
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  • 5.­313
  • 5.­314
  • 5.­316
  • 5.­317
  • 5.­318
  • 5.­319
  • 5.­320
  • 5.­321
  • 5.­332
  • 5.­333
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­3
  • 6.­4
  • 6.­7
  • 6.­8
  • 6.­9
  • 6.­10
  • 6.­11
  • 6.­15
  • 6.­20
  • 6.­24
  • 6.­25
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­29
  • 6.­34
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­38
  • 6.­39
  • 6.­41
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  • 6.­43
  • 6.­44
  • 6.­45
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  • 6.­48
  • 6.­54
  • 6.­56
  • 6.­57
  • 6.­58
  • 6.­59
  • 6.­60
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 6.­63
  • 6.­64
  • 6.­65
  • 6.­66
  • 6.­72
  • 6.­73
  • 6.­78
  • 6.­79
  • 6.­80
  • 6.­81
  • 6.­83
  • 6.­84
  • 6.­85
  • 6.­118
  • 6.­119
  • 6.­120
  • 6.­136
  • 6.­137
  • 6.­138
  • 6.­139
  • 6.­140
  • 6.­142
  • 6.­143
  • 6.­144
  • 6.­145
  • 6.­162
  • 6.­166
  • 6.­167
  • 6.­168
  • 6.­185
  • 6.­187
  • 6.­191
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  • 6.­195
  • 6.­196
  • 6.­200
  • 6.­234
  • 6.­235
  • 6.­236
  • 6.­243
  • 6.­244
  • 6.­254
  • 6.­258
  • 6.­294
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  • 6.­297
  • 6.­298
  • 6.­299
  • 6.­300
  • 6.­304
  • 6.­316
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  • 6.­327
  • 6.­328
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  • 6.­333
  • 6.­335
  • 6.­339
  • 6.­340
  • 6.­341
  • 6.­342
  • 6.­343
  • 6.­344
  • 6.­351
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  • 6.­353
  • 6.­355
  • 6.­367
  • 6.­368
  • 6.­371
  • 6.­372
  • 6.­374
  • 6.­377
  • 6.­379
  • 6.­388
  • 6.­393
  • 6.­407
  • 6.­408
  • 6.­409
  • 6.­410
  • 6.­414
  • 6.­430
  • 6.­431
  • 6.­432
  • 6.­435
  • 6.­437
  • 6.­438
  • 6.­439
  • 6.­442
  • 6.­445
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  • 6.­449
  • 6.­452
  • 6.­458
  • 6.­466
  • 6.­468
  • 6.­469
  • 6.­470
  • 6.­471
  • 6.­472
  • 6.­473
  • 6.­474
  • 6.­502
  • 6.­507
  • 7.­2
  • 7.­7
  • 7.­8
  • 7.­9
  • 7.­10
  • 7.­11
  • 7.­12
  • 7.­13
  • 7.­14
  • 7.­15
  • 7.­16
  • 7.­25
  • 7.­29
  • 7.­31
  • 7.­33
  • 7.­34
  • 7.­35
  • 7.­36
  • 7.­40
  • 7.­44
  • 7.­49
  • 7.­50
  • 7.­51
  • 7.­53
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  • 7.­56
  • 7.­57
  • 7.­59
  • 7.­66
  • 7.­68
  • 7.­70
  • 7.­73
  • 7.­76
  • 7.­81
  • 7.­82
  • 7.­84
  • 7.­85
  • 7.­86
  • 7.­92
  • 7.­98
  • 7.­99
  • 7.­100
  • 7.­101
  • 7.­102
  • 7.­103
  • 7.­107
  • 7.­108
  • 7.­110
  • 7.­111
  • 7.­117
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  • 7.­121
  • 7.­124
  • 7.­129
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  • 7.­136
  • 7.­139
  • 7.­149
  • 7.­150
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  • 7.­165
  • 7.­189
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  • 7.­204
  • 7.­209
  • 7.­210
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  • 7.­220
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  • 7.­227
  • 7.­228
  • 7.­229
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  • 7.­235
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  • 7.­243
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  • 7.­245
  • 7.­246
  • 7.­247
  • 7.­251
  • 7.­253
  • 7.­254
  • 7.­255
  • 7.­256
  • 7.­257
  • 7.­265
  • 7.­266
  • 8.­2
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­6
  • 8.­7
  • 8.­8
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­11
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­13
  • 8.­15
  • 8.­16
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­21
  • 8.­22
  • 8.­23
  • 8.­24
  • 8.­27
  • 8.­28
  • 8.­29
  • 8.­30
  • 8.­34
  • 8.­35
  • 8.­36
  • 8.­37
  • 8.­39
  • 8.­41
  • 8.­42
  • 8.­45
  • 8.­46
  • 8.­48
  • 8.­49
  • 8.­50
  • 8.­51
  • 8.­54
  • 8.­56
  • 8.­57
  • 8.­67
  • 8.­68
  • 8.­70
  • 8.­71
  • 8.­74
  • 8.­75
  • 8.­76
  • 8.­77
  • 8.­78
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  • 8.­83
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  • 8.­86
  • 8.­87
  • 8.­89
  • 8.­90
  • 8.­91
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  • 8.­94
  • 8.­95
  • 8.­100
  • 8.­101
  • 8.­102
  • 8.­103
  • 8.­105
  • 8.­106
  • 8.­108
  • 8.­109
  • 8.­110
  • 8.­111
  • 8.­112
  • 8.­114
  • 8.­115
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  • 8.­118
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  • 8.­121
  • 8.­122
  • 8.­123
  • 8.­124
  • 8.­125
  • 8.­126
  • 8.­128
  • 9.­2
  • 9.­9
  • 9.­11
  • 9.­12
  • 9.­17
  • 9.­18
  • 9.­19
  • 9.­20
  • 9.­21
  • 9.­22
  • 9.­28
  • 9.­31
  • 9.­34
  • 9.­35
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  • 9.­37
  • 9.­38
  • 9.­39
  • 9.­40
  • 9.­46
  • 9.­48
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  • 9.­53
  • 9.­54
  • 9.­63
  • 9.­67
  • 9.­71
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  • 9.­74
  • 9.­76
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  • 9.­78
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  • 9.­85
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  • 9.­90
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  • 9.­100
  • 9.­101
  • 9.­105
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  • 9.­115
  • 9.­118
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  • 9.­126
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  • 9.­131
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  • 9.­139
  • 9.­143
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  • 9.­150
  • 9.­151
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  • 9.­162
  • 9.­165
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  • 9.­171
  • 9.­172
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  • 9.­174
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  • 10.­10
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­16
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­18
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­22
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  • 10.­27
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  • 10.­29
  • 10.­30
  • 10.­33
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  • 10.­36
  • 10.­41
  • 10.­42
  • 10.­46
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  • 10.­51
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  • 10.­60
  • 10.­63
  • 10.­65
  • 10.­69
  • 10.­70
  • 10.­77
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  • 10.­82
  • 10.­83
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  • 10.­85
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  • 10.­88
  • 10.­90
  • 10.­95
  • 10.­100
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  • 10.­104
  • 10.­105
  • 10.­124
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