The Eight Auspicious Ones

A mango grove in Vaiśālī donated to the Buddha by the courtesan Āmrapālī.

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A type of nonhuman being whose precise status is subject to different views, but is included as one of the six classes of beings in the sixfold classification of realms of rebirth. In the Buddhist context, asuras are powerful beings said to be dominated by envy, ambition, and hostility. They are also known in the pre-Buddhist and pre-Vedic mythologies of India and Iran, and feature prominently in Vedic and post-Vedic Brahmanical mythology, as well as in the Buddhist tradition. In these traditions, asuras are often described as being engaged in interminable conflict with the devas (gods).

Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Glory of Being Renowned for Considering Everyone resides.

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In Buddhist literature, an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generally means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts it implies that a buddha is in possession of six auspicious qualities (bhaga) associated with complete awakening. The Tibetan term‍—where bcom is said to refer to “subduing” the four māras, ldan to “possessing” the great qualities of buddhahood, and ’das to “going beyond” saṃsāra and nirvāṇa‍—possibly reflects the commentarial tradition where the Sanskrit bhagavat is interpreted, in addition, as “one who destroys the four māras.” This is achieved either by reading bhagavat as bhagnavat (“one who broke”), or by tracing the word bhaga to the root √bhañj (“to break”).

Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Greatly Renowned for Considering All resides.

Refers to the five degenerations: (1) degeneration of lifespan, (2) degeneration of view or thoughts, (3) degeneration of the five afflictions, (4) degenerate sentient beings, (5) degenerate times.

A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Nihilism Relinquished.

Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Pradīparāja resides.

Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Glorious Ornament of Loving-Kindness resides.

Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Intent on Accomplishing Aims through Steadfast Skill resides.

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A class of generally benevolent nonhuman beings who inhabit the skies, sometimes said to inhabit fantastic cities in the clouds, and more specifically to dwell on the eastern slopes of Mount Meru, where they are under the jurisdiction of the Great King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. They are most renowned as celestial musicians who serve the gods. In the Abhidharma, the term is also used to refer to the mental body assumed by any sentient being in the realm of desire (kāma­dhātu) during the intermediate state between death and rebirth. Gandharvas are said to live on fragrances in the desire realm, hence the Tibetan translation dri za, meaning “scent eater.”

A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Free from Obstacles.

A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Blazing Glory.

A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Joyful Renowned Diamond.

A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Variegated.

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Cognate with the English term divine, the devas are most generally a class of celestial beings who frequently appear in Buddhist texts, often at the head of the assemblies of nonhuman beings who attend and celebrate the teachings of Śākyamuni and other buddhas and bodhisattvas. In Buddhist cosmology the devas occupy the highest of the five or six “destinies” (gati) of saṃsāra among which beings take rebirth. The devas reside in the devalokas, “heavens” that traditionally number between twenty-six and twenty-eight and are divided between the desire realm (kāmadhātu), material realm (rūpadhātu), and immaterial realm (ārūpyadhātu). A being attains rebirth among the devas either through meritorious deeds (in the desire realm) or the attainment of subtle meditative states (in the material and immaterial realms). While rebirth among the devas is considered favorable, it is ultimately a transitory state from which beings will fall when the conditions that lead to rebirth there are exhausted. Thus, rebirth in the god realms is regarded as a diversion from the spiritual path.

A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Blissful.

One of the six heavens of the desire realm.

A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Free from Sorrow.

Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Glory of Being Renowned for Superior Skill That Brings Satisfaction resides.

An epithet of Śakra.

Name of the tribe who inhabited the republican city-state whose capital was Vaiśālī, where the events of this sūtra take place.

The coral tree, Erythrina indica. One of the five trees of paradise, it has brilliant scarlet flowers.

Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Excellent Glory Renowned for Virtue resides.

A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Famous.

Prajñāvarman was a Bengali paṇḍita resident in Tibet during the late eighth and early ninth centuries. He arrived in Tibet at the invitation of the Tibetan king Trisong Detsen (khri srong lde btsan, r. 742–ca. 800 ᴄᴇ) and assisted in the translation of numerous canonical scriptures. He also authored a few philosophical commentaries himself, which were later included in the Tengyur.

Also known as Indra, and by the epithet Kauśika. Lord of the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

Unlisted in the present text. There are various lists of these seven precious substances, which include gold, different kinds of gems, pearls, etc.

The Licchavi youth who requests this discourse from the Buddha. His name is translated into Chinese as “Skilled in Action” (善作).

An Indian master who went to Tibet during the reign of King Ralpachen (ral pa can, r. 815–38 ᴄᴇ) and helped in the translation of forty-three Kangyur texts.

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A frequently used synonym for buddha. According to different explanations, it can be read as tathā-gata, literally meaning “one who has thus gone,” or as tathā-āgata, “one who has thus come.” Gata, though literally meaning “gone,” is a past passive participle used to describe a state or condition of existence. Tatha­(tā), often rendered as “suchness” or “thusness,” is the quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Therefore, this epithet is interpreted in different ways, but in general it implies one who has departed in the wake of the buddhas of the past, or one who has manifested the supreme awakening dependent on the reality that does not abide in the two extremes of existence and quiescence. It also often used as a specific epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.

A great city during the Buddha’s time, the capital of the republican city-state inhabited by the Licchavi. It was an important location where a number of Buddhist sūtras are said to have been taught.

Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Glory of Being Renowned for Superior Skill That Is Noble like Mount Meru resides.

Refers to any world or group of worlds that is illumined by one sun and moon, and that has its own Mount Meru, continents, desire, form, and formless realms, etc.

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Yeshé Dé (late eighth to early ninth century) was the most prolific translator of sūtras into Tibetan. Altogether he is credited with the translation of more than one hundred sixty sūtra translations and more than one hundred additional translations, mostly on tantric topics. In spite of Yeshé Dé’s great importance for the propagation of Buddhism in Tibet during the imperial era, only a few biographical details about this figure are known. Later sources describe him as a student of the Indian teacher Padmasambhava, and he is also credited with teaching both sūtra and tantra widely to students of his own. He was also known as Nanam Yeshé Dé, from the Nanam (sna nam) clan.