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བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱ་མཚོས་ཞུས་པ།

The Questions of Sāgaramati

Sāgaramati­paripṛcchā

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འཕགས་པ་བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱ་མཚོས་ཞུས་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།

’phags pa blo gros rgya mtshos zhus pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo

The Noble Great Vehicle Sūtra “The Questions of Sāgaramati”

Ārya­sāgaramati­paripṛcchā­nāma­mahā­yāna­sūtra

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Toh 152

Toh 152, Degé Kangyur, vol. 58, (mdo sde, pha), folios 1.b–115.b.

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2020
Current version v 1.5.7 (2021)
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co.

Table of Contents

ti.Title
im.Imprint
co.Contents
s.Summary
ac.Acknowledgements
i.Introduction
tr.The Questions of Sāgaramati
+ 12 chapters- 12 chapters
1.Chapter One: Refining the Precious Mind of Omniscience
2.Chapter Two: Accepting Harm and Gaining Certainty
3.Chapter Three: The Teaching on the Absorption
4.Chapter Four: Teaching Through Analogies
5.Chapter Five: Practicing Diligence
6.Chapter Six: Teaching on the Qualities of Buddhahood
7.Chapter Seven: Entrustment
8.Chapter Eight
9.Chapter Nine: Dedication
10.Chapter Ten: A Tale of What Came Before
11.Chapter Eleven: The Revelation of Buddha Realms
12.Chapter Twelve: Blessings
c.Colophon
n.Notes
b.Bibliography
g.Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

Heralded by a miraculous flood, the celestial bodhisattva Sāgaramati arrives in Rājagṛha to engage in a Dharma discussion with Buddha Śākyamuni. He discusses an absorption called “The Pristine and Immaculate Seal” and many other subjects relevant to bodhisattvas who are in the process of developing the mind of awakening and practicing the bodhisattva path. The sūtra strongly advises that bodhisattvas not shy away from the afflictive emotions of beings—no matter how unpleasant they may be—and that insight into these emotions is critical for a bodhisattva’s compassionate activity. The sūtra deals with the preeminence of wisdom and non-grasping on the path. In the end, as a teaching on how to deal with māras, the sūtra illuminates the many pitfalls possible on the path of the Great Vehicle.


ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee under the supervision of Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche. The translation was produced by Timothy Hinkle, who also wrote the introduction. Andreas Doctor checked the translation against the Tibetan and edited the text.

The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.


ac.­2

The generous sponsorship of Zhou Tian Yu, Chen Yi Qin, Zhou Xun, and Zhao Xuan, which helped make the work on this translation possible, is most gratefully acknowledged.


i.

Introduction

i.­1

The Questions of Sāgaramati begins in a courtyard in the city of Rājagṛha, where the Buddha Śākyamuni, a celestial bodhisattva named Sāgaramati, and many other gods and bodhisattvas converse on a wide variety of subjects relevant to the Great Vehicle. Sāgaramati’s arrival in our world is preceded by a great miracle in which the world is flooded like a vast ocean, a miracle prompted by Sāgaramati’s departure from a distant realm for our world, where he can receive the Buddha’s teachings in person. The conversation between the Buddha Śākyamuni and Sāgaramati in Rājagṛha touches on many issues of the bodhisattva path. They converse about the adversities that bodhisattvas must face, the preeminence of wisdom, how māras are to be defeated, the necessity of understanding the afflictive emotions of sentient beings, the importance of diligence, the commonalities between all phenomena and buddhahood, the nature of the Dharma, and the importance of dedication. Much of the dialogue presupposes a duality between agents and objects, but at times Mañjuśrī and other exalted beings challenge this and articulate the teachings in the light of the wisdom of nonduality.


The Translation

The Noble Great Vehicle Sūtra

The Questions of Sāgaramati


1.

Chapter One: Refining the Precious Mind of Omniscience

1.­1

[B1] [F.1.b] Homage to all buddhas and bodhisattvas!


1.­2

Thus did I hear at one time. The Blessed One was staying at Rājagṛha, domain of the thus-gone ones, in a jeweled pavilion. It is the home of the thus-gone ones, adorned with accumulations of great merit, produced by great deeds, the result of the ripening of all qualities of buddhahood; the home of great bodhisattvas; an infinite display; a place blessed with the thus-gone ones’ magic; an entry point to wisdom’s unobstructed domain; a source of great joy; a gateway to mindfulness, intelligence, and realization; a place without blame; [F.2.a] a place formed with wisdom; a gateway to unobstructed wisdom; a place that has been praised for limitless eons; and a place that embodies an immeasurable accumulation of positive qualities.


2.

Chapter Two: Accepting Harm and Gaining Certainty

2.­1

“Sāgaramati, how does one accept challenges to the jewel of developing the mind directed toward omniscience? What are the challenges to the jewel of developing the mind directed toward omniscience?

2.­2

“Sāgaramati, once bodhisattva great beings have engendered the jewel of developing the mind directed toward omniscience in the aforementioned manner, they will not lose their development of the intention to awaken in the face of ignoble beings who have corrupt discipline, māras, gods of the echelon of māra, those blessed by māras, threats from Māra’s messengers, menaces, disturbances, violent disturbances, agitation, violent agitation, threats, or abuse. [F.14.a] They will not lose their compassionate diligence that seeks to free all beings. They will not lose the effort needed to keep the lineage of the Three Jewels unbroken. They will not lose their training in the roots of virtue that manifest the qualities of buddhahood. They will not lose their accumulation of merit that manifests the major and minor marks of perfection. They will not lose the effort needed to actualize the purification of buddha realms. They will not lose their effort to give up concern for body and life and uphold the sublime Dharma. They will not lose the effort to ripen all beings nor will they lose their lack of attachment to their personal happiness.


3.

Chapter Three: The Teaching on the Absorption

3.­1

The Blessed One then spoke to the bodhisattva great being Sāgaramati: “Along these lines, Sāgaramati, when bodhisattva great beings become completely pure, they have a genuinely good motivation and, even if all beings were to rise up to challenge them, they would not be angered. They develop the wisdom of deep certainty and the insight free from doubt. At that time, they sustain the fundamental state of the pristine and immaculate absorption seal. What is the fundamental state of this absorption? [F.23.a] It is great compassion that knows no anger toward any being.


4.

Chapter Four: Teaching Through Analogies

4.­1

The bodhisattva great being Sāgaramati then asked the Blessed One, “Blessed One, how do bodhisattvas defeat māras and obstructers?”

“Sāgaramati,” answered the Blessed One, “when bodhisattva great beings are no longer interested in any clinging, they defeat māras and obstructers. When they are no longer interested in marks and reference points, they defeat māras and obstructers. Sāgaramati, there are four māras: the māra of the aggregates, the māra of the afflictions, the māra of the Lord of Death, and the māra of the gods.


5.

Chapter Five: Practicing Diligence

5.­1

The Blessed One then spoke to the bodhisattva great being Sāgaramati: “Sāgaramati, bodhisattvas must practice diligence. Bodhisattvas must always persevere and show great determination. They should not give up their dedication. Sāgaramati, unsurpassed and perfect awakening is not difficult to discover for bodhisattvas who practice diligence. And why not? Sāgaramati, where there is diligence there is awakening. Awakening is far and distant from those who are lazy. Those who are lazy have no generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, concentration, insight, personal benefit, or benefit for others. Sāgaramati, one should understand from this lesson that unsurpassed and perfect awakening is not difficult for bodhisattvas who practice diligence.


6.

Chapter Six: Teaching on the Qualities of Buddhahood

6.­1

Then, Mahābrahmā Great Compassionate One asked the bodhisattva great being Sāgaramati, “Noble son, what does the term qualities of buddhahood refer to?”

Bodhisattva Sāgaramati responded, “Brahmā, ‘the qualities of buddhahood’ refers to all phenomena.22 Why is this? Brahmā, a thus-gone one does not awaken to perfect buddhahood in a restricted and limited manner. Rather, a thus-gone one awakens to perfect buddhahood in an unrestricted and unlimited manner [F.47.a] due to realizing the sameness of all phenomena. Brahmā, realizing all phenomena to be sameness is awakening. Therefore, Brahmā, all phenomena are qualities of buddhahood. Brahmā, all phenomena are precisely the qualities of buddhahood. The essence of all phenomena is the essence of all the qualities of buddhahood. The qualities of buddhahood are realized to be disengaged because all phenomena are disengaged. Because all phenomena are empty, the qualities of buddhahood are realized as emptiness. Brahmā, because all phenomena are dependently originated, realizing dependent origination is awakening. The qualities of buddhahood are seen by a thus-gone one in the same way that all phenomena are seen.”


7.

Chapter Seven: Entrustment

7.­1

Then, the bodhisattva great being Light King of Qualities, who was seated amongst the assembly, addressed the Blessed One: “Blessed One, you have said that all phenomena that you understand are indescribable. In that case, Blessed One, since all phenomena are indescribable, how is the Dharma to be upheld?”

7.­2

“Noble son,” answered the Blessed One, “that is true. You have described it accurately. Any phenomenon that I understand is indescribable. However, noble son, while all phenomena are indescribable and unconditioned, [F.52.b] using linguistic definitions to apprehend, perceive, teach, demonstrate, define, elucidate, distinguish, clarify, or teach such phenomena is what is meant by upholding the Dharma. Moreover, noble son, when Dharma teachers uphold, teach, or practice a sūtra such as this, that is also upholding the Dharma. Likewise, when others attend such Dharma teachers and rely upon them while extending them honor, reverence, service, respect, praise, care, protection, shielding, and shelter, that is also upholding the Dharma. Likewise, so is providing them with clothing, food, bedding, medicine, or provisions; as is offering them approval, protection, preservation of their virtues, praise, or concealment of their unflattering sides. Moreover, noble son, having faith in emptiness, trusting signlessness, believing in wishlessness, and gaining certainty that suchness is the unconditioned state is also upholding the sublime Dharma. Moreover, noble son, seeking to avoid debate, yet using proper Dharma arguments to defeat those who argue against the Dharma, is also upholding the sublime Dharma. Moreover, noble son, giving Dharma to others with a mind free of anger, an intention to gather and free beings, and a mind free of concern for material things, is also upholding the sublime Dharma. Moreover, noble son, disregarding one’s body and life and staying in solitude to preserve, conceal, and practice sūtras such as this is also upholding the sublime Dharma. Moreover, noble son, even a single step or a single inhalation or exhalation of the breath that comes from the cause of having either studied or taught the Dharma [F.53.a] is also upholding the sublime Dharma. Moreover, noble son, not grasping to or appropriating any phenomena is also upholding the sublime Dharma. Light King of Qualities, based on this explanation, you should understand this point.


8.

Chapter Eight

8.­1

The bodhisattva Sāgaramati then asked the Blessed One, “Blessed One, it is incredible how much the Great Vehicle is able to benefit beings so that they experience the pleasures of gods and humans and attain the unsurpassed pleasure of nirvāṇa. Blessed One, what are the teachings that summarize the Great Vehicle? What are the teachings that are held in high regard in the Great Vehicle? What are the teachings that are challenging in the Great Vehicle? What are the teachings that reveal the Great Vehicle? Blessed One, what are the ways the Great Vehicle is obstructed? Blessed One, why is the Great Vehicle called the Great Vehicle?”


9.

Chapter Nine: Dedication

9.­1

The Blessed One then addressed the bodhisattva Sāgaramati: “Sāgaramati, thus a bodhisattva should retain the following entrance words, seal words, and vajra statements in order to protect, guard, and preserve this Dharma teaching; so that they may delight their own minds; and so that they may understand the faculties—supreme and otherwise—of other beings and people. Beyond retaining them, they should also examine them. They should carefully reflect on them with insightful engagement.


10.

Chapter Ten: A Tale of What Came Before

10.­1

Then the bodhisattva Sāgaramati said to the Blessed One, “Blessed One, even though bodhisattvas guard against confusion to this extent, they must work hard to be free from confusion. Blessed One, for that reason bodhisattvas are continuously skilled in dedication and skilled in means. Why is this? Blessed One, through skillful means, when bodhisattvas practice concentration, freedom, absorption, and equipoise, they are not disturbed by the concentration, freedom, absorption, and equipoise. Through skill in means, they demonstrate all these deeds but do not fall prey to doing things. [F.84.b] They sustain the sameness of phenomena and teach the Dharma in order to bring beings who have gone astray to the fixed state of reality. Until they complete their intention, they do not themselves fall into that state.”


11.

Chapter Eleven: The Revelation of Buddha Realms

11.­1

Then the Blessed One said to Sāgaramati, [F.94.b] “Therefore, Sāgaramati, bodhisattva great beings who wish to swiftly and fully awaken to unsurpassed and perfect buddhahood should follow your training, sublime being. Bodhisattvas should not be verbose and obsessed with the use of words; rather, they should practice what they preach. How do bodhisattvas practice what they preach, you ask? Sāgaramati, they do so by appreciating how easy it is to say, ‘I am going to become a buddha,’ yet how hard it is to actually accomplish the virtues of the factors of awakening. Sāgaramati, any bodhisattva who regales beings with the gift of Dharma, announcing to them, ‘You will be satisfied by my gift of Dharma,’ and then teaches them extensively, but himself acts otherwise, failing to strive toward the virtues of the factors of awakening, has let those beings down. He has not practiced what he preached. However, Sāgaramati, when he regales everyone with the gift of the factors of awakening, announcing to them, ‘You will be satisfied by my gift of Dharma,’ and then teaches them extensively and himself strives toward the virtues of the factors of awakening, then he has practiced what he preached.


12.

Chapter Twelve: Blessings

12.­1

The bodhisattva Sāgaramati then requested the Blessed One, “Blessed One, given that the awakening of the thus-gone ones encounters many obstacles and much opposition, please carefully grant your blessings, Blessed One, such that through the blessings of the Thus-Gone One, these sūtras will not fade, but grow; that they will be upheld and read; that their teachers will not have to vie with māras and gods of the class of māras; that this sublime Dharma may long remain; and that these sūtras will be preserved, kept safe, and accepted.”


c.

Colophon

c.­1

This was translated, proofed, and finalized according to the new terminological register by the Indian preceptors Jinamitra, Dānaśīla, and Buddhaprabhā, as well as the editor-translator Bandé Yeshé Dé.


n.

Notes

n.­1
On these citations, see Skilling 2018, 441-42. Moreover, the jātaka tale told in this sūtra, in which the Buddha, in a former life as a lion, saves two baby monkeys from the clutches of a vulture by offering his own flesh and blood as ransom, was also included in the Mahā­prajñā­pāramitā­śāstra attributed to Nāgārjuna (Lamotte 2007, pp. 1902–6).
n.­2
See The Questions of the Nāga King Sāgara (2) (Toh 154), i.2.
n.­3
On these dates see Lamotte, p. 1902. Taishō 397, the Mahāsaṃnipāta, is 大方等大集經 (Dafang deng daji jing); Taishō 400 is 佛說海意菩薩所問淨印法門經 (Haiyi pusa suowen jing famen jing).
n.­4
See Griffiths 2015 (p. 994) and Skilling 2018.
n.­5
The Denkarma catalogue is dated to c. 812 ᴄᴇ. In this catalogue, The Questions of Sāgaramati is included among the “Miscellaneous Sūtras” (mdo sde sna tshogs) less than ten sections (bam po) long. Denkarma, 297.a.3. See also Herrmann-Pfandt 2008, p. 49, no. 86.
n.­6
In Tibet most commentators appear to have classified this sūtra under the rubric of Yogācāra-Mādhyamika (rnal ’byor spyod pa’i dbu ma), such as, for example, the sixteenth century scholar Pekar Sangpo (pad dkar bzang po) in his survey of the sūtras (Pekar Sangpo 2006, p. 228).
n.­7
Conze 1955, p. 136.
n.­8
See for example Ju Mipham 2004 and Tsongkhapa 2000. Numerous other such brief citations have appeared in translation.
n.­9
This section is very similar to a description of the Dharma teaching found in the Akṣaya­mati­nirdeśa (Toh 175, see Braarvig 2020, The Teaching of Akṣayamati, 1.6). Notably, however, in that version the miracle that follows is not one of water, but of golden light.
n.­10
theg pa read as shes pa following the Narthang and Lhasa editions of the Kangyur. Pedurma, p. 17, n. 6.
n.­11
bstan pa read as brtan pa following the Yongle, Lithang, Narthang, Kangxi, Choné, and Lhasa editions of the Kangyur. Pedurma, p. 21, no. 2.
n.­12
nges pa read as des pa following the Narthang, Urga, and Lhasa editions of the Kangyur. Pedurma, p. 21, n. 3.
n.­13
byang chub sems sogs read as byang chub sems dpa’ following the Yongle, Lithang, Narthang, Kangxi, Choné, and Lhasa editions of the Kangyur. Pedurma, p. 28, n. 10.
n.­14
bsam read as bas following the Lithang, Narthang, Choné, and Lhasa editions of the Kangyur. Pedurma, p. 30, n. 1.
n.­15
nang read as nad following the Kangxi, Narthang, and Lhasa editions of the Kangyur. Pedurma, p. 30, n. 2.
n.­16
bdag gis read as bdag gi following the Yongle, Kangxi, and Lhasa editions of the Kangyur. Pedurma, p. 33, n. 9.
n.­17
dib dib po read as rib rib po following the Narthang and Lhasa editions of the Kangyur. Pedurma, p. 55, n. 1.
n.­18
Translation tentative. Tib. ngo za ring gi tshig med pa.
n.­19
Translation tentative. Tib. sems dang yid dang rnam par shes pa des rig pa med par tshor ba yang so sor myong la / sangs rgyas kyi chos rnams yongs su ma dzogs kyi bar du tshor ba ’gog pa mngon sum du yang mi byed de /.
n.­20
yang dag min read as yang dag nyid following the Stok Palace manuscript, p. 39.b.
n.­21
spyangs pa read as sbyangs pa following the Yongle, Lithang, Kangxi, Narthang, Choné, and Lhasa editions of the Kangyur. Pedurma, p. 65, n. 13.
n.­22
Whereas the single word dharma (Tib. chos) can be used in both Sanskrit and Tibetan to denote a range of meanings, we have to translate it variably here as “qualities” and “phenomena.”
n.­23
kyi chos kyi chos read as kyi chos following the Stok Palace manuscript, p. 68.a.
n.­24
The passage that follows makes use of a series of alphabetical correspondences and puns that are lost in translation, not only in translation from Tibetan to English, but also the original act of translation from Sanskrit to Tibetan.
n.­25
A dhāraṇī that is included in a number of Great Vehicle sūtras and is said to encapsulate and thus give access to the full scope of the Buddha’s teachings.
n.­26
The Sanskrit of the passage starting with this sentence and continuing down to the end of the next paragraph (10.­6) survives as a quote (48.19–50.7) in Asaṅga’s Ratna­gotra­vibhāga-vyākhya (RGVV, Toh 4025), in which an important doctrinal point is made about how bodhisattvas take voluntary rebirth in the world (according to some commentaries in the “body of a mental nature,” manomayakāya, yid kyi rang bzhin gyi lus). The Sanskrit of the passage corresponding to this present paragraph is as follows: yad āha | paśya sāgara­mate dharmāṇām asaratām akārakatāṃ nirātmatāṃ niḥsattvatāṃ nirjīvatāṃ niḥpudgalatām asvāmikatām | tatra hi nāma yatheṣyante tathā viṭhapyante viṭhapitāś ca samānā na cetayanti na prakalpayanti | imāṃ sāgara­mate dharma­viṭhapanām adhi­mucya bodhi­sattvo na kasmiṃścid dharme pari­khedam utpādayati | tasyaiva jñāna­darśanaṃ śuci śuddhaṃ bhavati | nātra kaścid upakāro vāpakāro vā kriyata iti | evaṃ ca dharmāṇāṃ dharmatāṃ yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti | evaṃ ca mahā­karuṇā­saṃnāhaṃ na tyajati. In the RGVV this quote follows after the one mentioned below in n.­29. The Tibetan text in the Tengyur (translated by Sajjana and Ngok Lotsāwa Loden Sherab) differs in several respects from the Tibetan rendering here in the sūtra itself (translated by Jinamitra, Dānaśīla, Buddhaprabhā, and Yeshé Dé).
n.­27
The Degé Kangyur Tibetan reads chos rnam par bsgrub pa ’di la, but the Tibetan of the quote in the RGVV reads gzhan du mi ’gyur ba’i chos ’di la.
n.­28
The quoted passage mentioned above in n.­26 ends here, although as noted in n.­29 below the following passage is also quoted in the same text (but in reverse order).
n.­29
The Sanskrit of the passage starting with this sentence and continuing down to the end of 10.­9 survives as a quote (47.6–48.13) in Asaṅga’s Ratna­gotra­vibhāga-mahā­yānottara­tantra­śāstra (Toh 4025). In that text this quote precedes the one mentioned above in n.­26.
n.­30
The quoted passage mentioned in n.­29 ends here.
n.­31
This and the other dhāraṇīs in the English translation represent a transcription of the phonetic Sanskrit provided in the Degé version of the Tibetan translation. No attempt has been made to compare it to other versions of the dhāraṇī, nor has it been edited to conform with normative Sanskrit orthography and syntax.

b.

Bibliography

’phags pa blo gros rgya mtshos zhus pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. Toh 152, Degé Kangyur vol. 58 (mdo sde, pha), folios 1.b–115.b.

’phags pa blo gros rgya mtshos zhus pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–2009, vol. 58, pp. 3–270.

’phags pa blo gros rgya mtshos zhus pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. In bka’ ’gyur (stog pho brang bris ma). Vol. 66 (mdo sde ba), folios 1.b– 166.a.

Denkarma (pho brang stod thang ldan [/ lhan] dkar gyi chos ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Degé Tengyur, vol. 206 (sna tshogs, jo), folios 294.b - 310.a.

Pekar Sangpo (pad dkar bzang po). mdo sde spyi’i rnam bzhag. Beijing: mi rigs dpe skrun khang [Minorities Publishing House], 2006.

Braarvig, Jens (tr.). The Teaching of Akṣaya­mati (Akṣaya­mati­nirdeśa, Toh 175). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2020.

Conze, Edward. Buddhist Texts Through the Ages. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer, 1955.

Griffiths, Arlo. “Epigraphy: Southeast Asia” in Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Volume One: Literature and Languages. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2015.

Herrmann-Pfandt, Adelheid. Die lHan kar ma: ein früher Katalog der ins Tibetische übersetzten buddhistischen Texte. Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008.

Ju Mipham (’jam mgon mi pham rgya mtsho). Speech of Delight: Mipham’s Commentary on Śāntarakṣita’s Ornament of the Middle Way. Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications, 2004.

Lamotte, Étienne. The Treatise on the Great Virtue of Wisdom of Nāgārjuna (Mahā­prajñā­pāramitā­śāstra), Vol. 5. English translation from the French (Le Traité de La Grande Vertu De Sagesse, Louvain 1944–1980) by Gelongma Karma Migme Chodron, 2007.

Skilling, Peter. “Sāgaramati-paripṛcchā Inscriptions from Kedah, Malaysia” in Lutz Edzard, Jens W. Borgland, and Ute Hüsken (eds). Reading Slowly: A Festschrift for Jens. E. Braarvig. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2018

Tsongkhapa. The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment. Vol. 1. Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications, 2000.


g.

Glossary

g.­1

Absorption

  • ting nge ’dzin
  • ting ’dzin
  • ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན།
  • ཏིང་འཛིན།
  • samādhi

A synonym for meditation, this refers to the state of deep meditative immersion that results from different modes of Buddhist practice.


69 passages contain this term
  • s.­1
  • 1.­45
  • 1.­49
  • 1.­50
  • 1.­52
  • 1.­53
  • 2.­56
  • 2.­57
  • 2.­58
  • 2.­59
  • 2.­90
  • 2.­92
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­14
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­16
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­18
  • 3.­27
  • 3.­38
  • 3.­41
  • 3.­46
  • 3.­49
  • 3.­51
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­53
  • 3.­54
  • 3.­55
  • 3.­56
  • 3.­57
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­59
  • 3.­60
  • 3.­61
  • 3.­62
  • 3.­63
  • 3.­64
  • 3.­65
  • 3.­66
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­68
  • 3.­69
  • 3.­70
  • 3.­74
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­46
  • 5.­77
  • 6.­61
  • 8.­72
  • 8.­114
  • 8.­124
  • 8.­138
  • 9.­9
  • 9.­10
  • 9.­13
  • 9.­32
  • 9.­38
  • 9.­39
  • 9.­42
  • 9.­43
  • 10.­1
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­46
  • g.­16
  • g.­41
  • g.­44
  • g.­46
  • g.­54
g.­2

Absorption of the heroic gait

  • dpa’ bar ’gro ba
  • དཔའ་བར་འགྲོ་བ།
  • śūraṃgama

1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­5
g.­3

Acceptance of phenomena concurring with reality

  • rjes su ’thun pa’i chos la bzod pa
  • rjes su ’thun pa’i chos kyi bzod pa
  • རྗེས་སུ་འཐུན་པའི་ཆོས་ལ་བཟོད་པ།
  • རྗེས་སུ་འཐུན་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བཟོད་པ།
  • ānulomikadharmakṣānti

A particular realization attained by a bodhisattva on the sixth bodhisattva level. This realization arises as a result of analysis of the essential nature of phenomena (dharmas).


2 passages contain this term
  • 7.­13
  • 10.­36
g.­4

Adorned with Every Pleasure

  • bde ba thams cad kyis brgyan pa
  • བདེ་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས་བརྒྱན་པ།
  • —

An eastern buddha realm where the buddha Mārapramardaka resides.


15 passages contain this term
  • 11.­72
  • 11.­73
  • 11.­74
  • 11.­75
  • 11.­78
  • 11.­79
  • 11.­81
  • 11.­88
  • 11.­89
  • 11.­90
  • 11.­91
  • 11.­94
  • 11.­96
  • 12.­13
  • g.­108
g.­5

Adorned with Immaculate and Countless Precious Qualities

  • yon tan rin po che dri ma dang bral ba dpag tu med pa bkod pas brgyan pa
  • ཡོན་ཏན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དྲི་མ་དང་བྲལ་བ་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ་བཀོད་པས་བརྒྱན་པ།
  • —

A buddha realm below our world where the buddha Master of the Ocean with Noble and Playful Super-knowledge resides.


6 passages contain this term
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­17
  • 1.­19
  • 1.­23
  • g.­109
  • g.­140
g.­6

Aggregate

  • phung po
  • ཕུང་པོ།
  • skandha

The five psycho-physical components of personal experience: form, feeling, perception, formations, and consciousness.


28 passages contain this term
  • 1.­52
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­4
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­8
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­11
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­13
  • 5.­32
  • 5.­39
  • 5.­74
  • 8.­103
  • 9.­7
  • 9.­33
  • 11.­24
  • g.­20
  • g.­43
  • g.­48
  • g.­51
  • g.­107
  • g.­120
  • g.­186
g.­7

Ānanda

  • kun dga’ bo
  • ཀུན་དགའ་བོ།
  • Ānanda

The Buddha’s cousin and principal attendant.


7 passages contain this term
  • 11.­10
  • 12.­22
  • 12.­23
  • 12.­24
  • 12.­25
  • 12.­26
  • 12.­28
g.­8

Application of mindfulness

  • dran pa nye bar bzhag pa
  • དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་བཞག་པ།
  • smṛtyupasthāna

See four applications of mindfulness.


4 passages contain this term
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­30
  • 5.­34
  • 9.­26
g.­9

Asaṅga

  • thogs med
  • ཐོགས་མེད།
  • Asaṅga

Indian commentator from the late fourth- early-fith centuries; closely associated with the works of Maitreya and the Yogācāra philosophical school.


4 passages contain this term
  • i.­2
  • i.­8
  • n.­26
  • n.­29
g.­10

Astounding Sight

  • shin tu rnam par bltas pa
  • ཤིན་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་བལྟས་པ།
  • —

A past buddha realm where the buddha Dīptavīrya resided.


6 passages contain this term
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­43
  • 5.­46
  • g.­30
  • g.­47
g.­11

Asura

  • lha ma yin
  • ལྷ་མ་ཡིན།
  • asura

One of the six classes of sentient beings according to the Buddhist tradition. The asuras are engendered and dominated by envy, ambition, and hostility, who are metaphorically described as being incessantly embroiled in disputes with the gods (deva). They are frequently portrayed in brahmanical mythology as having a disruptive effect on cosmological and social harmony.


11 passages contain this term
  • 4.­44
  • 4.­48
  • 5.­86
  • 8.­187
  • 11.­2
  • 12.­6
  • 12.­10
  • 12.­43
  • 12.­47
  • g.­133
  • g.­180
g.­12

Bases of miracles

  • rdzu ’phrul gyi rkang pa
  • རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་གྱི་རྐང་པ།
  • ṛddhipāda

The four factors that serve as the basis for magical abilities: Intention, diligence, attention, and discernment.


13 passages contain this term
  • 1.­17
  • 1.­88
  • 2.­55
  • 2.­88
  • 4.­30
  • 8.­69
  • 8.­192
  • 8.­194
  • 8.­196
  • 9.­26
  • 10.­42
  • 11.­80
  • g.­41
g.­13

Bhṛgu

  • ngan spong
  • ངན་སྤོང་།
  • Bhṛgu

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­30
g.­14

Blessed One

  • bcom ldan ’das
  • བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས།
  • bhagavat

In Buddhist literature, an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generically means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts implies that a buddha is in possession of the virtous qualities and wisdom associated with complete awakening.


223 passages contain this term
  • 1.­2
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­8
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­12
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­14
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­17
  • 1.­19
  • 1.­20
  • 1.­21
  • 1.­22
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­25
  • 1.­26
  • 1.­27
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­47
  • 1.­48
  • 1.­49
  • 1.­50
  • 1.­51
  • 2.­8
  • 2.­26
  • 2.­70
  • 2.­71
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­19
  • 3.­49
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­53
  • 3.­54
  • 3.­55
  • 3.­56
  • 3.­57
  • 3.­58
  • 3.­59
  • 3.­60
  • 3.­61
  • 3.­62
  • 3.­63
  • 3.­64
  • 3.­65
  • 3.­66
  • 3.­67
  • 3.­68
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­34
  • 4.­35
  • 4.­65
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­7
  • 5.­42
  • 5.­49
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­33
  • 6.­34
  • 6.­36
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­44
  • 7.­1
  • 7.­2
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­10
  • 7.­11
  • 7.­12
  • 7.­14
  • 7.­15
  • 7.­16
  • 7.­17
  • 7.­18
  • 7.­19
  • 7.­20
  • 7.­21
  • 7.­22
  • 7.­23
  • 7.­24
  • 7.­25
  • 7.­26
  • 7.­27
  • 7.­28
  • 7.­29
  • 7.­30
  • 7.­31
  • 7.­32
  • 7.­33
  • 7.­34
  • 7.­35
  • 7.­36
  • 7.­37
  • 7.­38
  • 7.­39
  • 7.­40
  • 7.­41
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­2
  • 8.­184
  • 8.­185
  • 8.­186
  • 8.­187
  • 8.­188
  • 8.­189
  • 8.­190
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­13
  • 9.­26
  • 9.­27
  • 9.­28
  • 9.­29
  • 9.­30
  • 9.­34
  • 9.­35
  • 9.­41
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­8
  • 10.­10
  • 10.­11
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­18
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­23
  • 10.­25
  • 10.­26
  • 10.­36
  • 10.­38
  • 10.­39
  • 10.­40
  • 10.­42
  • 10.­43
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­14
  • 11.­15
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­17
  • 11.­18
  • 11.­19
  • 11.­20
  • 11.­21
  • 11.­22
  • 11.­23
  • 11.­24
  • 11.­25
  • 11.­26
  • 11.­27
  • 11.­28
  • 11.­29
  • 11.­30
  • 11.­31
  • 11.­32
  • 11.­33
  • 11.­34
  • 11.­35
  • 11.­36
  • 11.­37
  • 11.­38
  • 11.­39
  • 11.­40
  • 11.­41
  • 11.­42
  • 11.­43
  • 11.­44
  • 11.­45
  • 11.­46
  • 11.­47
  • 11.­48
  • 11.­49
  • 11.­50
  • 11.­51
  • 11.­52
  • 11.­53
  • 11.­54
  • 11.­55
  • 11.­56
  • 11.­57
  • 11.­70
  • 11.­71
  • 11.­72
  • 11.­75
  • 11.­76
  • 11.­77
  • 11.­81
  • 11.­82
  • 11.­86
  • 11.­87
  • 11.­88
  • 11.­89
  • 11.­90
  • 11.­91
  • 11.­92
  • 11.­93
  • 11.­96
  • 12.­1
  • 12.­2
  • 12.­5
  • 12.­6
  • 12.­9
  • 12.­10
  • 12.­13
  • 12.­14
  • 12.­18
  • 12.­19
  • 12.­20
  • 12.­21
  • 12.­22
  • 12.­23
  • 12.­24
  • 12.­26
  • 12.­27
  • 12.­28
  • 12.­30
  • 12.­31
  • 12.­32
  • 12.­46
  • 12.­47
g.­15

Brahmā

  • tshangs pa
  • ཚངས་པ།
  • Brahmā

One of the primary deities of the Brahmanical pantheon, Brahmā occupies an important place as one of two deities (the other being Indra/Śakra) that are said to have first exhorted Śākyamuni to teach the Dharma. The particular heavens over which Brahmā rules are often some of the most sought after realms of higher rebirth in Buddhist literature. Among his epithets is “Lord of Sahā World” (Sahāṃpati).


35 passages contain this term
  • 1.­21
  • 1.­22
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­25
  • 1.­26
  • 1.­27
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­30
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­24
  • 6.­25
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­31
  • 6.­41
  • 6.­58
  • 8.­187
  • 8.­197
  • 8.­209
  • 8.­219
  • 9.­11
  • 10.­33
  • 12.­15
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­17
  • 12.­18
  • 12.­43
  • g.­67
  • g.­114
g.­16

Branches of awakening

  • byang chub kyi yan lag
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག
  • bodhyaṅga

Mindfulness, discrimination, diligence, joy, pliability, absorption, and equanimity.


12 passages contain this term
  • 1.­61
  • 1.­89
  • 2.­93
  • 4.­30
  • 4.­39
  • 5.­37
  • 5.­79
  • 8.­28
  • 8.­74
  • 8.­196
  • 9.­26
  • g.­41
g.­17

Buddha realm

  • sangs rgyas kyi zhing
  • སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཞིང་།
  • buddhakṣetra

A pure realm manifested by a buddha or advanced bodhisattva through the power of their great merit and aspirations.


40 passages contain this term
  • 1.­10
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­31
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­66
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­9
  • 3.­36
  • 4.­59
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­86
  • 6.­35
  • 6.­42
  • 7.­39
  • 8.­9
  • 8.­69
  • 8.­220
  • 9.­10
  • 9.­13
  • 9.­42
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­31
  • 11.­51
  • 11.­74
  • 11.­80
  • 11.­81
  • 11.­82
  • 11.­87
  • 11.­91
  • 11.­93
  • 11.­96
  • 12.­27
  • g.­4
  • g.­5
  • g.­10
  • g.­36
  • g.­47
  • g.­131
g.­18

Buddhaprabha

  • bud dha pra bha
  • བུད་དྷ་པྲ་བྷ།
  • Buddhaprabha

One of the Indian preceptors who assisted in translating this text.


1 passage contains this term
  • i.­5
g.­19

Caretaker of Beings

  • gro ba ’dzin
  • གྲོ་བ་འཛིན།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­25
g.­20

Consciousness

  • rnam par shes pa
  • རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ།
  • vijñāna

One of the five aggregates; also counted as the sixth of the six elements.


30 passages contain this term
  • 1.­33
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­78
  • 2.­80
  • 2.­82
  • 2.­85
  • 3.­3
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­55
  • 3.­70
  • 3.­73
  • 4.­73
  • 7.­5
  • 8.­118
  • 8.­119
  • 8.­120
  • 8.­121
  • 8.­122
  • 8.­123
  • 9.­11
  • 9.­32
  • 9.­39
  • 11.­19
  • 11.­67
  • g.­6
  • g.­34
  • g.­61
  • g.­154
g.­21

Continuous Intelligence

  • blo gros rgyun mi ’chad pa
  • བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱུན་མི་འཆད་པ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­6
g.­22

Correct discriminations

  • so so yang dag par rig pa
  • སོ་སོ་ཡང་དག་པར་རིག་པ།
  • pratisaṃvid

Genuine discrimination with respect to dharmas, meaning, language, and eloquence.


4 passages contain this term
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­7
  • 6.­55
  • g.­132
g.­23

Dānaśīla

  • dA na shI la
  • དཱ་ན་ཤཱི་ལ།
  • Dānaśīla

One of the Indian preceptors who assisted in translating this text.


3 passages contain this term
  • i.­5
  • c.­1
  • n.­26
g.­24

Desire realm

  • ’dod pa’i khams
  • འདོད་པའི་ཁམས།
  • kāmadhātu

In Buddhist cosmology, our sphere of existence where beings are driven primarily by the urge for sense gratification and attachment to material substance. See also three realms.


13 passages contain this term
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­22
  • 8.­22
  • 8.­109
  • g.­49
  • g.­50
  • g.­52
  • g.­66
  • g.­73
  • g.­74
  • g.­75
  • g.­170
  • g.­180
g.­25

Dhāraṇī

  • gzungs
  • གཟུངས།
  • dhāraṇī

An incantation, spell, or mnemonic formula that distills essential points of the Dharma. It is used by practitioners as an aid to memorize and recall detailed teachings, and to attain mundane and supramundane goals. According to context, this term has also been rendered here as “recollection.”


9 passages contain this term
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­7
  • 3.­20
  • 3.­42
  • 9.­9
  • 9.­13
  • 10.­42
  • n.­25
  • n.­31
g.­26

Dharma Teacher

  • chos smra ba
  • ཆོས་སྨྲ་བ།
  • —

Name of a bodhisattva great being.


4 passages contain this term
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­5
  • 7.­9
  • 7.­13
g.­27

Diligent Intelligence

  • brtson ’grus blo gros
  • བརྩོན་འགྲུས་བློ་གྲོས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­6
g.­28

Dīpaṃkara

  • mar me mdzad
  • མར་མེ་མཛད།
  • Dīpaṃkara

A former buddha in front of whom Buddha Śākyamuni (in a past life) first formed the aspiration to awaken.


1 passage contains this term
  • 9.­32
g.­29

Dīptavīrya

  • brtson ’grus ’bar ba
  • བརྩོན་འགྲུས་འབར་བ།
  • Dīptavīrya

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­29
g.­30

Dīptavīrya

  • brtson ’grus ’bar ba
  • བརྩོན་འགྲུས་འབར་བ།
  • Dīptavīrya

A buddha in a world called Astounding Sight and an eon in the past called Flower Origin.


10 passages contain this term
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­5
  • 5.­6
  • 5.­8
  • 5.­39
  • 5.­40
  • 5.­43
  • 5.­85
  • g.­10
  • g.­47
g.­31

Discerning Vision

  • nges par brtags te blta ba
  • ངེས་པར་བརྟགས་ཏེ་བལྟ་བ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­6
g.­32

Eight branches

  • yan lag brgyad
  • ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད།
  • aṣṭāṅga

This can refer either to what is also known as the eightfold path (’phags lam yan lag brgyad): (1) right view, (2) right intention, (3) right speech, (4) right action, (5) right livelihood, (6) effort, (7) mindfulness, and (8) meditative concentration. Or to what is also known as the eight precepts (bsnyen gnas yan lag brgyad): (1) abstaining from killing, (2) stealing, (3) sexual misconduct, (4) lying, (5) intoxication, (6) eating after noon, (7) dancing and singing, and (8) lying on an elevated bed.


1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­89
g.­33

Eight wrong modes

  • log pa nyid brgyad
  • ལོག་པ་ཉིད་བརྒྱད།
  • aṣṭamithyātva

Wrong view, wrong thought, wrong speech, wrong actions, wrong livelihood, wrong effort, wrong recollection, and wrong samādhi.


1 passage contains this term
  • 9.­27
g.­34

Element

  • khams
  • ཁམས།
  • dhātu

In the context of epistemology, it is one way of describing experience and the world in terms of eighteen elements (eye, form, and eye consciousness; ear, sound, and ear consciousness; nose, odor, and nose consciousness; tongue, taste, and tongue consciousness; body, touch, and body consciousness; mind, mental phenomena, and mind consciousness).

These also refer to the elements of the physical world, which cab enumerated as four, five, or six elements may be enumerated. The four elements are earth, water, fire, and air. A fifth, space, is often added. The six elements are: earth, water, fire, air, space, and consciousness.


13 passages contain this term
  • 1.­64
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­79
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­13
  • 5.­39
  • 8.­103
  • 9.­33
  • 12.­21
  • 12.­27
  • g.­20
  • g.­55
g.­35

Eloquence

  • spobs pa
  • སྤོབས་པ།
  • pratibhāna

The capacity of realized beings to speak in a confident and inspiring manner.


15 passages contain this term
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­30
  • 1.­40
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­42
  • 6.­56
  • 8.­142
  • 8.­143
  • 10.­16
  • 11.­49
  • 11.­51
  • 11.­52
  • 12.­18
  • g.­22
  • g.­139
g.­36

Emanation

  • shin tu sprul pa
  • ཤིན་ཏུ་སྤྲུལ་པ།
  • —

A past buddha realm where the buddha Infinite Light resided.


5 passages contain this term
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­23
  • g.­129
  • g.­163
g.­37

Emptiness

  • stong pa yid
  • སྟོང་པ་ཡིད།
  • śūnyatā

In the Great Vehicle this is the term for how phenomena are devoid of any nature of their own. Also, one of the three gateways to liberation.


32 passages contain this term
  • 1.­35
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­64
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­50
  • 3.­72
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­11
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­54
  • 7.­2
  • 8.­6
  • 8.­52
  • 8.­71
  • 8.­117
  • 8.­118
  • 8.­119
  • 8.­120
  • 8.­121
  • 8.­122
  • 8.­123
  • 9.­6
  • 9.­33
  • 9.­42
  • 9.­43
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­11
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­41
  • 11.­58
  • g.­111
  • g.­179
g.­38

Excellent Garland

  • phreng ba bzang po
  • ཕྲེང་བ་བཟང་པོ།
  • —

A monk disciple of the Buddha.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­10
g.­39

Excellent Intelligence

  • blo gros legs pa
  • བློ་གྲོས་ལེགས་པ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­26
g.­40

Excessive pride

  • mngon pa’i nga rgyal
  • མངོན་པའི་ང་རྒྱལ།
  • abhimāna

A conceited, false sense of attainment. One of seven types of pride related to the spiritual path.


3 passages contain this term
  • 1.­72
  • 5.­39
  • 8.­6
g.­41

Factors of awakening

  • byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཆོས།
  • bodhipakṣadharma

The qualities necessary as a method to attain the awakening of a hearer, solitary buddha, or buddha. There are thirty-seven of these: (1–4) the four applications of mindfulness: mindfulness of body, sensations, mind, and phenomena; (5–8) the four right abandonments: the intention to not do bad actions that are not done, to give up bad actions that are being done, to do good actions that have not been done, and increase the good actions that are being done; (9–12) the bases of miracles: intention, diligence, attention, and discernment; (13–17) five faculties: faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and wisdom; (18–22) five strengths: an even stronger form of faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and wisdom; (23–29) seven branches of awakening: correct mindfulness, correct discrimination of phenomena, correct diligence, correct joy, correct pliability, correct absorption, and correct equanimity; and (30–37) the eightfold noble path: right view, examination, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and absorption.


6 passages contain this term
  • 3.­44
  • 9.­38
  • 9.­39
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­2
  • g.­44
g.­42

Faculties

  • dbang po
  • དབང་པོ།
  • indriya

The term “faculties,” depending on the context, can refer to the five senses (sight, smell, touch, hearing, taste) plus the mental faculty, but also to spiritual “faculties,” see “five faculties.”


36 passages contain this term
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­36
  • 1.­52
  • 1.­64
  • 1.­65
  • 1.­75
  • 1.­85
  • 1.­89
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­5
  • 3.­12
  • 3.­24
  • 3.­37
  • 4.­30
  • 4.­42
  • 5.­77
  • 6.­42
  • 7.­22
  • 7.­30
  • 8.­72
  • 8.­111
  • 8.­163
  • 8.­196
  • 8.­204
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­3
  • 9.­26
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­41
  • 11.­46
  • 11.­47
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­17
  • g.­44
  • g.­153
g.­43

Feeling

  • tshor ba
  • ཚོར་བ།
  • vedanā

One of the five aggregates.


15 passages contain this term
  • 1.­33
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­68
  • 2.­78
  • 2.­86
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­40
  • 3.­70
  • 3.­73
  • 4.­12
  • 8.­65
  • 8.­115
  • 8.­176
  • 11.­23
  • g.­6
g.­44

Five faculties

  • dbang po lnga
  • དབང་པོ་ལྔ།
  • pañcendriya

These are spiritual “faculties” (indriya) or capacities to be developed: faith (śraddhā), diligence (vīrya), mindfulness (smṛti), absorption (samādhi), and insight (prajña). These are included in the thirty-seven factors of awakening. See also “five strengths.”


4 passages contain this term
  • 1.­87
  • g.­41
  • g.­42
  • g.­46
g.­45

Five obscurations

  • sgrib pa lnga
  • སྒྲིབ་པ་ལྔ།
  • pañca­nivaraṇa

These are five impediments that hinder meditation (dhyāna): desire (kāmacchanda), malice (vyāpāda), torpor and sloth (styānamiddha), wildness and excitement (auddhatya­kaukṛtya), and doubt or skepticism (vicikitsā).


3 passages contain this term
  • 1.­87
  • 5.­82
  • 9.­27
g.­46

Five strengths

  • stobs lnga
  • སྟོབས་ལྔ།
  • pañca­bala

Similar to the five faculties but at a further stage of development and thus cannot be shaken by adverse conditions, these are: faith (śraddhā), diligence (vīrya), mindfulness (smṛti), absorption (samādhi), and insight (prajña).


7 passages contain this term
  • 1.­71
  • 1.­87
  • 4.­30
  • 8.­196
  • 9.­26
  • g.­41
  • g.­44
g.­47

Flower Source

  • me tog ’byung gnas
  • མེ་ཏོག་འབྱུང་གནས།
  • —

Name of a past eon, when the buddha Dīptavīrya resided in the buddha realm Astounding Sight.


1 passage contains this term
  • 5.­43
g.­48

Form

  • gzugs
  • གཟུགས།
  • rūpa

One of the five aggregates.


28 passages contain this term
  • i.­6
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­33
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­77
  • 3.­5
  • 3.­22
  • 3.­29
  • 3.­73
  • 4.­20
  • 4.­21
  • 5.­39
  • 5.­81
  • 6.­23
  • 7.­5
  • 8.­118
  • 9.­2
  • 9.­8
  • 9.­14
  • 9.­19
  • 9.­31
  • 9.­33
  • 11.­87
  • 12.­21
  • g.­6
  • g.­34
  • g.­153
g.­49

Form realm

  • gzugs kyi khams
  • གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ཁམས།
  • rūpadhātu

In Buddhist cosmology, the sphere of existence one level more subtle than our own (the desire realm), where beings, though subtly embodied, are not driven primarily by the urge for sense gratification. See also “three realms.”


7 passages contain this term
  • 4.­49
  • 8.­109
  • 11.­46
  • g.­54
  • g.­66
  • g.­114
  • g.­180
g.­50

Form realm

  • gzugs kyi khams
  • གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ཁམས།
  • rūpadhātu

In Buddhist cosmology, the sphere of existence one level more subtle than our own (the desire realm), where beings, though subtly embodied, are not driven primarily by the urge for sense gratification. See also three realms.


No instances of this term
g.­51

Formation

  • ’du byed
  • འདུ་བྱེད།
  • saṃskāra

One of the five aggregates; formative forces concomitant with the production of karmic seeds causing future samsaric existence.


11 passages contain this term
  • 1.­9
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­78
  • 3.­73
  • 4.­4
  • 8.­137
  • 9.­8
  • 11.­46
  • 11.­47
  • 11.­70
  • g.­6
g.­52

Formless realm

  • gzugs med pa’i khams
  • གཟུགས་མེད་པའི་ཁམས།
  • ārūpyadhātu

In Buddhist cosmology, the sphere of existence two levels more subtle than our own (the desire realm), where beings are no longer physically embodied, and thus not subject to the sufferings that physical embodiment brings. See also three realms.


6 passages contain this term
  • 8.­109
  • 11.­46
  • g.­66
  • g.­154
  • g.­180
  • g.­187
g.­53

Four applications of mindfulness

  • dran pa nye bar bzhag pa bzhi
  • དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་བཞག་པ་བཞི།
  • catuḥsmṛtyupasthāna

Mindfulness of the (1) body, (2) feelings, (3) mind, and (4) mental phenomena.


3 passages contain this term
  • 1.­88
  • g.­8
  • g.­41
g.­54

Four concentrations

  • bsam gtan gzhi
  • བསམ་གཏན་གཞི།
  • caturdhyāna

The four levels of meditative absorption of the beings of the form realms.


2 passages contain this term
  • 8.­216
  • 11.­46
g.­55

Four elements

  • khams bzhi
  • ཁམས་བཞི།
  • caturdhātu

The four “great” outer elements (mahābhūta, ’byung ba chen po): earth, water, fire, and air. See also “element.”


4 passages contain this term
  • 2.­35
  • 2.­79
  • 12.­21
  • g.­34
g.­56

Four errors

  • phyin ci log bzhi
  • ཕྱིན་ཅི་ལོག་བཞི།
  • caturviparyāsa

Taking what is impermanent to be permanent, what is painful to be delightful, what is unclean to be clean, and what is no-self to be a self.


1 passage contains this term
  • 9.­27
g.­57

Four fearlessnesses

  • mi ’jigs pa rnam pa bzhi
  • མི་འཇིགས་པ་རྣམ་པ་བཞི།
  • caturvaiśāradya

The four types of fearlessnes possessed by all buddhas: They have full confidence that 1) they are fully awakened; 2) they have removed all defilements; 3) they have taught about the obstacles to liberation; and, 4) have shown the path to liberation.


4 passages contain this term
  • 1.­7
  • 3.­17
  • 6.­21
  • g.­132
g.­58

Four floods

  • chu bo bzhi
  • ཆུ་བོ་བཞི།
  • caturogha

Sensual desire, desire for cyclic existence, holding views, and ignorance.


2 passages contain this term
  • 1.­65
  • 1.­95
g.­59

Four immeasurables

  • tshad med bzhi
  • ཚད་མེད་བཞི།
  • caturpramāṇa

These are (1) loving kindness, (2) compassion, (3) joy, and (4) equanimity.


1 passage contains this term
  • 8.­216
g.­60

Four means of attracting disciples

  • bsdu ba’i dngos po bzhi
  • བསྡུ་བའི་དངོས་པོ་བཞི།
  • catuḥsaṃgrahavastu

Generosity, kind talk, meaningful actions, and practicing what one preaches.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­47
g.­61

Four reliances

  • rtan po bzhi
  • རྟན་པོ་བཞི།
  • catuspratisaraṇa

A bodhisattva should 1) rely on the meaning, not the expression; 2) on the teaching, not the person; 3) on wisdom, not on normal consciousness; and 4) on discourses the definitive meaning, not on the interpretable meaning.


1 passage contains this term
  • 8.­216
g.­62

Four right abandonments

  • spong ba bzhi
  • yang dag par spong ba bzhi
  • སྤོང་བ་བཞི།
  • ཡང་དག་པར་སྤོང་བ་བཞི།
  • catuḥ­prahā­ṇa
  • catuḥsamyakprahāṇa

Four types of right effort consisting in (1) abandoning existing negative mind states, (2) abandoning the production of such states, (3) giving rise to virtuous mind states that are not yet produced, and (4) letting those states continue.


6 passages contain this term
  • 1.­88
  • 2.­55
  • 4.­30
  • 8.­196
  • 9.­26
  • g.­41
g.­63

Four truths of the noble ones

  • ’phags pa’i bden pa bzhi
  • འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ་བཞི།
  • catvāry āryasatyāni
  • caturāryasatya

The four truths that the Buddha realized and transmitted in his first teaching: (1) suffering, (2) the origin of suffering, (3) the cessation of suffering, and (4) the path to the cessation of suffering.


5 passages contain this term
  • 1.­7
  • 4.­30
  • 8.­6
  • 8.­126
  • 8.­216
g.­64

Gandharva

  • dri za
  • དྲི་ཟ།
  • gandharva

Gandharvas are a class of spirits, sometimes described as celestial musicians. In other contexts the term can also refer to beings in the bardo-state.


3 passages contain this term
  • 6.­32
  • 12.­43
  • 12.­47
g.­65

Gaṇḍī

  • gaN DI
  • གཎ་ཌཱི།
  • gaṇḍī

A wooden gong used to summon monks.


1 passage contains this term
  • 9.­39
g.­66

God

  • lha
  • ལྷ།
  • deva

According to the Buddhist tradition, one of the five or six classes of sentient beings, specifically engendered and dominated by exaltation, indulgence, and pride. The gods are said to exist in many levels of celestial or divine realms, higher than that of the human realm, within in the desire realm (kāma­dhātu), and also in the form realm (rūpa­dhātu) and the formless realm (ārūpya­dhātu).


70 passages contain this term
  • i.­1
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­16
  • 1.­22
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­24
  • 2.­66
  • 2.­70
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­4
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­8
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­11
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­44
  • 4.­49
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­32
  • 5.­42
  • 5.­47
  • 5.­86
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­38
  • 6.­40
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­57
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­13
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­143
  • 8.­170
  • 8.­184
  • 8.­187
  • 8.­189
  • 8.­209
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­21
  • 10.­23
  • 10.­33
  • 10.­37
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­46
  • 11.­50
  • 12.­1
  • 12.­6
  • 12.­7
  • 12.­8
  • 12.­9
  • 12.­10
  • 12.­11
  • 12.­12
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­25
  • 12.­43
  • 12.­47
  • g.­11
  • g.­66
  • g.­107
  • g.­114
  • g.­180
  • g.­187
  • g.­202
g.­67

Great Compassionate One

  • snying rje chen po sems pa
  • སྙིང་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་སེམས་པ།
  • —

A divine being from the Brahmā world.


8 passages contain this term
  • 1.­21
  • 1.­22
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­30
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­23
g.­68

Great Compilation

  • ’dus pa chen po
  • འདུས་པ་ཆེན་པོ།
  • Mahāsannipāta

An anthology of Great Vehicle Sūtras. A collection of seventeen sūtras under this title is available in Chinese translation, but The Questions of Sāgaramati is not included among them. It is thus likely that there were more than one anthology using this title.


3 passages contain this term
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­28
g.­69

Great Crest

  • tog chen po
  • ཏོག་ཆེན་པོ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­18
g.­70

Guardians (of the world)

  • skyong ba
  • སྐྱོང་བ།
  • pāla

In this case, “guardians” seems to refer to the Four Great Kings of the cardinal directions, namely: Vaiśravaṇa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Virūḍhaka, and Virūpākṣa, who pledged to protect the Dharma and practitioners.


1 passage contains this term
  • 8.­209
g.­71

Guṇa­rāja­prabhāsa

  • yon tan gyi rgyal po snang ba
  • ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་སྣང་བ།
  • Guṇa­rāja­prabhāsa

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


2 passages contain this term
  • 7.­34
  • 11.­19
g.­72

Hearer

  • nyan thos
  • ཉན་ཐོས།
  • śrāvaka

Derived from the Sanskrit verb “to hear,” the term is used in reference to followers of the non-Great Vehicle traditions of Buddhism, in contrast to the bodhisattvas who follow the Great Vehicle path.


25 passages contain this term
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­54
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­39
  • 4.­38
  • 4.­43
  • 4.­53
  • 4.­54
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­126
  • 8.­176
  • 8.­187
  • 9.­39
  • 9.­42
  • 9.­43
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­9
  • 10.­15
  • 10.­23
  • 11.­45
  • 11.­51
  • 12.­24
  • g.­41
  • g.­93
  • g.­201
g.­73

Heaven of Joy

  • dga’ ldan gyi gnas
  • དགའ་ལྡན་གྱི་གནས།
  • tuṣita

A divine world located in the Desire Realm; in Great Vehicle Buddhist thought, it is where all future buddhas dwell prior to their awakening.


2 passages contain this term
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­44
g.­74

Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations

  • gzhan ’phrul dbang byed pa
  • གཞན་འཕྲུལ་དབང་བྱེད་པ།
  • paranirmitavaśavartin

The highest of the six heavens of the desire realm.


1 passage contains this term
  • 10.­21
g.­75

Heaven of the Thirty-Three

  • sum cu rtsa gsum
  • སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ།
  • Trāyastriṃśa

One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology. Counted among the six heavens of the desire realm, it is traditionally located atop Sumeru, just above the terrace of the Abodes of the Four Great Kings.


1 passage contains this term
  • 12.­9
g.­76

Hidden

  • kun tu sbas
  • ཀུན་ཏུ་སྦས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­22
g.­77

Hill of Fallen Sages

  • drang srong lhung ba
  • དྲང་སྲོང་ལྷུང་བ།
  • ṛṣipatana

A hill near the deer park at Sarnath where the Buddha first taught the Dharma following his awakening.


1 passage contains this term
  • 8.­187
g.­78

Incense Elephant

  • glang chen spos kyi bal glang
  • གླང་ཆེན་སྤོས་ཀྱི་བལ་གླང་།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­24
g.­79

Inexhaustible Treasury

  • mdzod mi zad pa
  • མཛོད་མི་ཟད་པ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­6
g.­80

Infinite Eloquence

  • spobs pa mtha’ yas
  • སྤོབས་པ་མཐའ་ཡས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­6
g.­81

Infinite Light

  • ’od zer snang ba mtha’ yas
  • འོད་ཟེར་སྣང་བ་མཐའ་ཡས།
  • —

A buddha from a previous eon.


10 passages contain this term
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­22
  • 10.­23
  • 10.­25
  • 10.­26
  • 10.­27
  • 10.­36
  • 10.­37
  • 10.­39
  • g.­36
g.­82

Intellect of Pure Conduct

  • spyod pa rnam dag blo gros
  • སྤྱོད་པ་རྣམ་དག་བློ་གྲོས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­30
g.­83

Jambudvīpa

  • ’dzam bu gling
  • འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་།
  • jambudvīpa

The continent to the south of Mt. Sumeru, where according to Buddhist cosmology “the world as we know it” is located.


3 passages contain this term
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­22
  • 2.­66
g.­84

Jinamitra

  • dzi na mi tra
  • ཛི་ན་མི་ཏྲ།
  • Jinamitra

An Kashmiri paṇḍita who was resident in Tibet during the late eighth and early ninth centuries.


3 passages contain this term
  • i.­5
  • c.­1
  • n.­26
g.­85

Kapilabhadrā

  • ser skya bzang mo
  • སེར་སྐྱ་བཟང་མོ།
  • Kapilabhadrā

A famous nun who was the wife of Mahākāśyapa for twelve years prior to their ordination.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­10
g.­86

Kauśika

  • kau shi ka
  • ཀཽ་ཤི་ཀ
  • Kauśika

An epithet of Śakra.


3 passages contain this term
  • 12.­6
  • 12.­8
  • 12.­10
g.­87

Kesara

  • ke sa ra
  • ཀེ་ས་ར།
  • keśara
  • kesara

Kesara can be the name of several species of plants.


1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­54
g.­88

King of Seers

  • dus dpog rgyal po
  • དུས་དཔོག་རྒྱལ་པོ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­34
g.­89

King of Splendors

  • dpal brtsegs rgyal po
  • དཔལ་བརྩེགས་རྒྱལ་པོ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


2 passages contain this term
  • 7.­17
  • 11.­27
g.­90

King of the Immense Lamp

  • lhun po’i sgron me’i rgyal po
  • ལྷུན་པོའི་སྒྲོན་མེའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­20
g.­91

Kinnara

  • mi’am ci
  • མིའམ་ཅི།
  • kinnara
  • kiṃnara

A class of semidivine beings depicted as half-horse and half-human, or half-bird and half-human.


5 passages contain this term
  • 5.­86
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­57
  • 8.­219
  • 12.­43
g.­92

Lamp Holder

  • sgron ma ’dzin
  • སྒྲོན་མ་འཛིན།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­20
g.­93

Lesser Vehicle

  • theg pa dman pa
  • ཐེག་པ་དམན་པ།
  • hīnayāna

It is a collective term used by proponents of the Great Vehicle to refer to the śrāvakayāna (hearer vehicle) and pratyeka­buddha­yāna (solitary buddha vehicle). The name stems from their goal—i.e. nirvāṇa and personal liberation—being seen as small or lesser than the goal of the Great Vehicle—i.e. buddhahood and liberation of all sentient beings.


6 passages contain this term
  • 1.­65
  • 1.­92
  • 5.­45
  • 8.­79
  • 8.­192
  • 9.­37
g.­94

Light King of Qualities

  • yon tan gyi rgyal po snang ba
  • ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་སྣང་བ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


3 passages contain this term
  • 7.­1
  • 7.­2
  • 7.­13
g.­95

Lightning Gaze

  • glog ltas
  • གློག་ལྟས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­21
g.­96

Limit of reality

  • yang dag pa’i mtha’
  • ཡང་དག་པའི་མཐའ།
  • bhūtakoṭi

This term has three meanings: (1) a synonym for the ultimate nature, (2) the experience of the ultimate nature, and (3) the quiescent state of a worthy one (arhat) to be avoided by bodhisattvas.


10 passages contain this term
  • 2.­68
  • 2.­74
  • 3.­50
  • 4.­10
  • 7.­11
  • 9.­5
  • 9.­18
  • 9.­43
  • 9.­44
  • 9.­47
g.­97

Limitless Intelligence

  • blo gros tshad med pa
  • བློ་གྲོས་ཚད་མེད་པ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­6
g.­98

Lion of the Śākyas

  • shA kya seng ge
  • ཤཱ་ཀྱ་སེང་གེ
  • Śākyasiṃha

An epithet of Buddha Śākyamuni.


2 passages contain this term
  • 12.­42
  • 12.­44
g.­99

Lokāyata

  • ’jig rten rgyang ’phen pa
  • འཇིག་རྟེན་རྒྱང་འཕེན་པ།
  • lokāyata

An ancient school of Indian philosophy whose doctrine, outlined primarily in the Bārhaspatya Sūtras, is characterized by atheism and a strict form of materialism.


2 passages contain this term
  • 8.­4
  • 11.­50
g.­100

Lord of Mountains

  • ri dbang rgyal po
  • རི་དབང་རྒྱལ་པོ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


2 passages contain this term
  • 7.­16
  • 11.­17
g.­101

Lover of the Stars

  • skar ma la dga’ ba
  • སྐར་མ་ལ་དགའ་བ།
  • —

Name of a buddha.


1 passage contains this term
  • 10.­22
g.­102

Mahābrahmā

  • tshangs pa chen po
  • ཚངས་པ་ཆེན་པོ།
  • Mahābrahma

1 passage contains this term
  • 6.­1
g.­103

Mahākāśyapa

  • ’od srung chen po
  • འོད་སྲུང་ཆེན་པོ།
  • Mahākāśyapa

A senior student of Buddha Śākyamuni, famous for his austere lifestyle.


3 passages contain this term
  • 11.­10
  • 12.­26
  • g.­85
g.­104

Maitreya

  • byams pa
  • བྱམས་པ།
  • Maitreya

Bodhisattva of loving kindness; the next buddha to follow Śākyamuni.


4 passages contain this term
  • 1.­12
  • 1.­13
  • 7.­33
  • g.­9
g.­105

Major and minor marks of perfection

  • mtshan dang dpe byad bzang po
  • མཚན་དང་དཔེ་བྱད་བཟང་པོ།
  • lakṣaṇānuvyañjana

The thirty-two major and the eighty minor distinctive physical attributes of a buddha or a superior being.


6 passages contain this term
  • 1.­26
  • 2.­2
  • 3.­15
  • 5.­31
  • 6.­41
  • 10.­31
g.­106

Mañjuśrī

  • ’jam dpal
  • འཇམ་དཔལ།
  • Mañjuśrī

One of the eight “close sons” of the Buddha, the embodiment of wisdom. In this text, he is one of the main interlocutors of the Buddha.


5 passages contain this term
  • i.­1
  • 7.­36
  • 7.­37
  • 7.­38
  • g.­204
g.­107

Māra

  • bdud
  • བདུད།
  • māra

The demon who assailed Śākyamuni prior to his awakening. When used in the plural, the term refers to a class of beings who, like Māra himself, are the primary adversaries and tempters of people who vow to take up the religious life. Figuratively, they are the personification of everything that acts as a hindrance to awakening, and are often listed as a set of four: the Māra of the aggregates, the Māra of the afflictions, the Māra of the Lord of Death, and the Māra of the gods.


107 passages contain this term
  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • 1.­7
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­24
  • 2.­48
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­38
  • 3.­47
  • 3.­74
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­2
  • 4.­3
  • 4.­4
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­8
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­11
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­13
  • 4.­48
  • 4.­75
  • 4.­76
  • 5.­32
  • 5.­74
  • 6.­31
  • 6.­39
  • 6.­50
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­77
  • 8.­111
  • 8.­147
  • 8.­159
  • 8.­183
  • 8.­188
  • 8.­193
  • 8.­198
  • 8.­208
  • 9.­9
  • 9.­10
  • 9.­11
  • 10.­33
  • 11.­28
  • 11.­38
  • 11.­39
  • 11.­40
  • 11.­41
  • 11.­42
  • 11.­43
  • 11.­44
  • 11.­45
  • 11.­46
  • 11.­47
  • 11.­48
  • 11.­49
  • 11.­50
  • 11.­51
  • 11.­52
  • 11.­54
  • 11.­55
  • 11.­56
  • 11.­57
  • 11.­58
  • 11.­59
  • 11.­60
  • 11.­61
  • 11.­62
  • 11.­63
  • 11.­64
  • 11.­65
  • 11.­66
  • 11.­67
  • 11.­68
  • 11.­69
  • 11.­70
  • 11.­71
  • 11.­72
  • 11.­75
  • 11.­76
  • 11.­78
  • 11.­80
  • 11.­81
  • 11.­82
  • 11.­83
  • 11.­84
  • 11.­85
  • 11.­86
  • 11.­89
  • 11.­90
  • 11.­91
  • 11.­92
  • 11.­93
  • 11.­94
  • 11.­95
  • 11.­96
  • 12.­1
  • 12.­11
  • 12.­12
  • 12.­13
  • 12.­14
  • 12.­18
  • 12.­21
g.­108

Mārapramardaka

  • bdud rab tu ’joms pa
  • བདུད་རབ་ཏུ་འཇོམས་པ།
  • Mārapramardaka

A buddha that resides in an eastern world system called Adorned with Every Pleasure.


10 passages contain this term
  • 11.­74
  • 11.­75
  • 11.­79
  • 11.­81
  • 11.­87
  • 11.­89
  • 11.­90
  • 11.­91
  • 11.­92
  • g.­4
g.­109

Master of the Ocean with Noble and Playful Super-knowledge

  • rgya mtsho’i mchog mnga’ ba’i blos rnam par rol pa mngon par ’phags pa’i mgnon par mkhyen pa
  • རྒྱ་མཚོའི་མཆོག་མངའ་བའི་བློས་རྣམ་པར་རོལ་པ་མངོན་པར་འཕགས་པའི་མགནོན་པར་མཁྱེན་པ།
  • —

A buddha that resides in a world system below our world called Adorned with Immaculate and Countless Precious Qualities.


5 passages contain this term
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­17
  • 1.­20
  • 1.­23
  • g.­5
g.­110

Meaningful Contemplative

  • don legs sems
  • དོན་ལེགས་སེམས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­35
g.­111

Mind of awakening

  • byang chub kyi sems
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས།
  • bodhicitta

The intent at heart of the Great Vehicle, namely to obtain buddhahood in order to liberate all sentient beings from suffering. In it’s relative aspect, it is both this aspiration and the practices towards buddhahood. In it’s absolute aspect, it is the realization of emptiness or the awakened mind itself.


49 passages contain this term
  • s.­1
  • 1.­90
  • 1.­92
  • 1.­97
  • 1.­98
  • 2.­5
  • 2.­17
  • 2.­20
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­32
  • 2.­43
  • 2.­71
  • 3.­48
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­44
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­46
  • 5.­51
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­31
  • 6.­62
  • 7.­40
  • 8.­2
  • 8.­3
  • 8.­5
  • 8.­14
  • 8.­39
  • 8.­42
  • 8.­79
  • 8.­80
  • 8.­83
  • 8.­144
  • 8.­183
  • 8.­188
  • 8.­194
  • 8.­199
  • 9.­21
  • 9.­30
  • 9.­31
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­32
  • 10.­37
  • 11.­12
  • 11.­53
  • 11.­67
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­37
  • 12.­38
  • 12.­41
g.­112

Nāga

  • klu
  • ཀླུ།
  • nāga

A semidivine class of beings who live in subterranean acquatic environments and who are known to hoard wealth and esoteric teachings. They are associated with snakes and serpents.


5 passages contain this term
  • i.­3
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­57
  • 12.­43
g.­113

Nāgārjuna

  • klu sgrub
  • ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ།
  • Nāgārjuna

Second- or third-century Indian master whose writings formed the basis for the Madhyamaka tradition.


2 passages contain this term
  • i.­2
  • n.­1
g.­114

Nārāyaṇa

  • sred med kyi bu
  • སྲེད་མེད་ཀྱི་བུ།
  • Nārāyaṇa

In the ancient Indian tradition, the son of the first man; later seen as a powerful avatar of Viṣṇu, but also as the progenitor of Brahmā. In Buddhist texts, he figures in various ways including as a bodhisattva, while still one of the most powerful gods of the form realm.


1 passage contains this term
  • 10.­24
g.­115

Nine things that harm

  • gnod pa’i dngos po dgu
  • གནོད་པའི་དངོས་པོ་དགུ
  • āghātavastu

Nine points of reference that inflame one’s anger and hostility: 1) my enemy has harmed me, 2) is harming me, and 3) will harm me; 4) my enemy has harmed my friend, 5) is harming my friend, and 6) will harm my friend; 7) my enemy has assisted other enemies, 8) is assisting other enemies, and 9) my enemy will assist my other enemy.


1 passage contains this term
  • 9.­27
g.­116

Noble Bliss

  • dga’ ba ’phags pa’i bskal pa
  • དགའ་བ་འཕགས་པའི་བསྐལ་པ།
  • —

Name of an eon (kalpa).


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­3
g.­117

Non-aggressive Intellect

  • zhes ’gras pa med pa’i blo gros
  • ཞེས་འགྲས་པ་མེད་པའི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­29
g.­118

Non-referential Concentration

  • dmigs pa med pa’i bsam gtan pa
  • དམིགས་པ་མེད་པའི་བསམ་གཏན་པ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­6
g.­119

Padmavyūha

  • pad ma bkod pa
  • པད་མ་བཀོད་པ།
  • Padmavyūha

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


2 passages contain this term
  • 12.­31
  • 12.­32
g.­120

Perception

  • ’du shes
  • འདུ་ཤེས།
  • saṃjñā

One of the five aggregates.


8 passages contain this term
  • 2.­51
  • 2.­78
  • 3.­73
  • 4.­13
  • 4.­14
  • 4.­15
  • 7.­11
  • g.­6
g.­121

Perfectly Immaculate Being

  • shin tu dri med sems pa
  • ཤིན་ཏུ་དྲི་མེད་སེམས་པ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­37
g.­122

Pinnacle of Nonattached Fearlessness

  • chags pa med pa’i mi ’jigs pa brtsegs pa
  • ཆགས་པ་མེད་པའི་མི་འཇིགས་པ་བརྩེགས་པ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­6
g.­123

Prajñākūṭa

  • shes rab brtsegs
  • ཤེས་རབ་བརྩེགས།
  • Prajñākūṭa

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 9.­27
g.­124

Prātimokṣa

  • so sor thar pa
  • སོ་སོར་ཐར་པ།
  • prātimokṣa

“Prātimokṣa” is the name given to the code of conduct binding on monks and nuns. The term can be used to refer both to the disciplinary rules themselves and to the texts from the Vinaya that contain them. There are multiple recensions of the Prātimokṣa, each transmitted by a different monastic fraternity in ancient and medieval India. Three remain living traditions, one of them the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya of Tibetan Buddhism. Though the numbers of rules vary across the different recensions, they are all organized according to the same principles and with the same disciplinary categories. It is customary for monastics to recite the Prātimokṣa Sūtra fortnightly. According to some Mahāyana sūtras, a separate set of prātimokṣa rules exists for bodhisattvas, which are based on bodhisattva conduct as taught in that vehicle.


2 passages contain this term
  • 11.­43
  • g.­183
g.­125

Preceptor

  • mkhan po
  • མཁན་པོ།
  • upādhyāya

Teacher, (monastic) preceptor; “having approached him, one studies from him” (upetyādhīyate asmāt).


3 passages contain this term
  • 8.­160
  • 8.­170
  • 11.­52
g.­126

Priest

  • bram ze
  • བྲམ་ཟེ།
  • brāhmaṇa

A member of the Indian priestly caste, a brahmin.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­43
g.­127

Priyadarśana

  • mthong dga’
  • མཐོང་དགའ།
  • Priyadarśana

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­23
g.­128

Pure City

  • grong khyer shin tu rnam par dag pa
  • གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ཤིན་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་དག་པ།
  • —

Name of a palace.


1 passage contains this term
  • 10.­23
g.­129

Pure Domain

  • yul shin tu rnam par dag pa
  • ཡུལ་ཤིན་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་དག་པ།
  • —

A universal monarch in the past who ruled over a world called Emanation.


10 passages contain this term
  • 10.­24
  • 10.­25
  • 10.­26
  • 10.­27
  • 10.­36
  • 10.­37
  • 10.­38
  • 10.­39
  • 10.­40
  • 10.­42
g.­130

Pure Intellect

  • blo gros rnam par dag pa
  • བློ་གྲོས་རྣམ་པར་དག་པ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­36
g.­131

Pure Light

  • ’od rnam par dag pa
  • འོད་རྣམ་པར་དག་པ།
  • —

A past buddha realm where the buddha Teacher of the Power of Great Wisdom resided.


4 passages contain this term
  • 3.­30
  • 7.­3
  • 10.­20
  • g.­174
g.­132

Qualities of buddhahood

  • sangs rgyas kyi chos
  • སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཆོས།
  • buddhadharma
  • buddhadharmāḥ

The specific qualities of a buddha; may sometimes be used as a general term, and sometimes referring to sets such as the ten strengths, the four fearlessnesses, the four correct discriminations, the eighteen unique qualities of buddhahood, and so forth; or, more specifically, to another set of eighteen: the ten strengths; the four fearlessnesses; mindfulness of body, speech, and mind; and great compassion.

Alternatively, in the context of this sūtra, see Chapter Six.


38 passages contain this term
  • 1.­2
  • 1.­7
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­7
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­26
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­17
  • 4.­50
  • 4.­51
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­3
  • 6.­7
  • 6.­8
  • 6.­9
  • 6.­10
  • 6.­11
  • 6.­12
  • 6.­13
  • 6.­15
  • 6.­19
  • 6.­22
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­25
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­27
  • 6.­28
  • 6.­29
  • 6.­30
  • 6.­31
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­34
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­217
  • 9.­10
  • 9.­36
  • 9.­43
g.­133

Rāhu

  • sgra gcan
  • སྒྲ་གཅན།
  • Rāhu

The asura who is said to cause eclipses by seizing the sun and moon.


1 passage contains this term
  • 4.­48
g.­134

Rāhula

  • sgra gcan zin
  • སྒྲ་གཅན་ཟིན།
  • Rāhula

The Buddha’s son who became the first novice monk and a prominent member of his monastic saṅgha.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­10
g.­135

Rājagṛha

  • rgyal po’i khab
  • རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁབ།
  • rājagṛha

The ancient capital of Magadha, and the site where many Great Vehicle sūtras take place.


3 passages contain this term
  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • 1.­2
g.­136

Razor

  • spu gri ba
  • སྤུ་གྲི་བ།
  • —

A vulture king.


2 passages contain this term
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­10
g.­137

Reality

  • chos nyid
  • ཆོས་ཉིད།
  • dharmatā

Lit. the “nature of phenomena” or “phenomena themselves.” The quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms.

(Note that the term “reality” has also been used to render terms of similar meaning such as yang dag nyid and others.)


15 passages contain this term
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­21
  • 2.­68
  • 2.­91
  • 2.­97
  • 5.­39
  • 5.­65
  • 6.­31
  • 7.­38
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­40
  • 8.­101
  • 9.­31
  • 10.­1
  • g.­169
g.­138

Realm of phenomena

  • chos kyi dbyings
  • ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས།
  • dharmadhātu

The “sphere of dharmas,” a synonym for the nature of things.


19 passages contain this term
  • 1.­7
  • 2.­54
  • 2.­68
  • 2.­87
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­50
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­42
  • 8.­50
  • 8.­69
  • 8.­103
  • 9.­2
  • 9.­3
  • 9.­5
  • 9.­11
  • 9.­22
  • 9.­33
  • 10.­12
  • 11.­34
g.­139

Recollection

  • gzungs
  • གཟུངས།
  • dhāraṇī

Often paired with “eloquence” (pratibhāna), recollection is the capacity to properly retain and recall the teachings.


7 passages contain this term
  • 3.­15
  • 6.­39
  • 6.­56
  • 11.­51
  • 11.­52
  • 12.­28
  • g.­25
g.­140

Sāgaramati

  • blo gros rgya mtsho
  • བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱ་མཚོ།
  • Sāgaramati

A bodhisattva from the world Adorned with Immaculate and Countless Precious Qualities. The protagonist of this discourse, his name can be translated as Oceanic Intelligence, which is referenced in the omen of the flooding of the trichiliocosm at the beginning of the sūtra.


245 passages contain this term
  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • i.­3
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­14
  • 1.­17
  • 1.­18
  • 1.­19
  • 1.­20
  • 1.­23
  • 1.­25
  • 1.­27
  • 1.­28
  • 1.­30
  • 1.­47
  • 1.­48
  • 1.­49
  • 1.­50
  • 1.­51
  • 1.­52
  • 1.­53
  • 1.­54
  • 1.­55
  • 1.­56
  • 1.­63
  • 1.­66
  • 2.­1
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­9
  • 2.­10
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­13
  • 2.­14
  • 2.­15
  • 2.­16
  • 2.­22
  • 2.­23
  • 2.­24
  • 2.­25
  • 2.­50
  • 2.­65
  • 2.­66
  • 2.­67
  • 2.­69
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­10
  • 3.­11
  • 3.­12
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­14
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­16
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­18
  • 3.­49
  • 3.­52
  • 3.­69
  • 3.­70
  • 3.­71
  • 3.­72
  • 3.­74
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­6
  • 4.­7
  • 4.­8
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­11
  • 4.­12
  • 4.­13
  • 4.­15
  • 4.­16
  • 4.­17
  • 4.­18
  • 4.­19
  • 4.­20
  • 4.­21
  • 4.­22
  • 4.­23
  • 4.­24
  • 4.­25
  • 4.­26
  • 4.­27
  • 4.­28
  • 4.­29
  • 4.­30
  • 4.­31
  • 4.­32
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­2
  • 5.­3
  • 5.­4
  • 5.­6
  • 5.­7
  • 5.­8
  • 5.­39
  • 5.­40
  • 5.­41
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­23
  • 6.­32
  • 6.­34
  • 6.­35
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­38
  • 6.­39
  • 6.­40
  • 6.­41
  • 6.­42
  • 6.­43
  • 7.­39
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­2
  • 8.­3
  • 8.­11
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­13
  • 8.­14
  • 8.­82
  • 8.­83
  • 8.­84
  • 8.­146
  • 8.­147
  • 8.­183
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­2
  • 9.­3
  • 9.­4
  • 9.­5
  • 9.­6
  • 9.­7
  • 9.­8
  • 9.­9
  • 9.­10
  • 9.­11
  • 9.­12
  • 9.­29
  • 9.­30
  • 9.­31
  • 9.­32
  • 9.­33
  • 9.­34
  • 9.­35
  • 9.­36
  • 9.­37
  • 9.­38
  • 9.­39
  • 9.­40
  • 9.­42
  • 9.­43
  • 9.­44
  • 9.­45
  • 9.­46
  • 9.­47
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­2
  • 10.­3
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­5
  • 10.­6
  • 10.­7
  • 10.­8
  • 10.­9
  • 10.­10
  • 10.­11
  • 10.­12
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­15
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­18
  • 10.­19
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­22
  • 10.­23
  • 10.­24
  • 10.­25
  • 10.­36
  • 10.­37
  • 10.­38
  • 10.­39
  • 10.­40
  • 10.­42
  • 11.­1
  • 11.­2
  • 11.­3
  • 11.­4
  • 11.­10
  • 11.­11
  • 11.­12
  • 11.­38
  • 11.­39
  • 11.­40
  • 11.­41
  • 11.­57
  • 11.­58
  • 11.­59
  • 11.­60
  • 11.­61
  • 11.­62
  • 11.­63
  • 11.­64
  • 11.­65
  • 11.­66
  • 11.­67
  • 11.­68
  • 11.­71
  • 11.­72
  • 11.­73
  • 11.­74
  • 11.­76
  • 11.­77
  • 11.­78
  • 11.­79
  • 11.­80
  • 11.­81
  • 11.­82
  • 11.­86
  • 11.­87
  • 11.­90
  • 11.­91
  • 11.­93
  • 12.­1
  • 12.­2
  • 12.­3
  • 12.­6
  • 12.­7
  • 12.­11
  • 12.­12
  • 12.­13
  • 12.­15
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­17
  • 12.­19
  • 12.­20
  • 12.­23
  • 12.­24
  • 12.­25
  • 12.­26
  • 12.­28
  • 12.­29
  • 12.­30
  • 12.­46
  • 12.­47
g.­141

Sage

  • thub pa
  • ཐུབ་པ།
  • muni

An ancient title given to ascetics, monks, hermits, and saints. namely, someone who has attained the realization of a truth through their own contemplation and not by divine revelation.

Here also used as a specific epithet of Buddha Śākyamuni.


11 passages contain this term
  • 1.­31
  • 1.­34
  • 1.­40
  • 1.­41
  • 1.­44
  • 3.­73
  • 5.­48
  • 6.­14
  • 6.­20
  • 8.­218
  • 11.­8
g.­142

Sahā world

  • mi mjed
  • མི་མཇེད།
  • sahā

A name for the world in which we live.


14 passages contain this term
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­17
  • 1.­23
  • 7.­39
  • 11.­82
  • 11.­86
  • 11.­87
  • 11.­92
  • 11.­93
  • 12.­15
  • 12.­16
  • 12.­17
  • 12.­18
  • g.­15
g.­143

Śakra

  • brgya byin
  • བརྒྱ་བྱིན།
  • Śakra

A divine being who rules the Heaven of the Thirty Three; equivalent to, or identified with, Indra.


13 passages contain this term
  • 6.­41
  • 6.­58
  • 8.­197
  • 8.­209
  • 10.­33
  • 12.­6
  • 12.­7
  • 12.­8
  • 12.­9
  • 12.­10
  • 12.­43
  • g.­15
  • g.­86
g.­144

Śākyamuni

  • shAkya thub pa
  • ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ།
  • Śākyamuni

The buddha of this age; the historical buddha.


65 passages contain this term
  • s.­1
  • i.­1
  • 9.­32
  • 11.­82
  • 11.­86
  • 11.­87
  • 11.­92
  • 12.­21
  • g.­13
  • g.­14
  • g.­15
  • g.­19
  • g.­21
  • g.­27
  • g.­28
  • g.­29
  • g.­31
  • g.­39
  • g.­69
  • g.­71
  • g.­76
  • g.­78
  • g.­79
  • g.­80
  • g.­82
  • g.­88
  • g.­89
  • g.­90
  • g.­92
  • g.­94
  • g.­95
  • g.­97
  • g.­98
  • g.­100
  • g.­103
  • g.­104
  • g.­107
  • g.­110
  • g.­117
  • g.­118
  • g.­119
  • g.­121
  • g.­122
  • g.­123
  • g.­127
  • g.­130
  • g.­141
  • g.­146
  • g.­150
  • g.­152
  • g.­158
  • g.­160
  • g.­166
  • g.­168
  • g.­172
  • g.­173
  • g.­178
  • g.­184
  • g.­188
  • g.­191
  • g.­193
  • g.­195
  • g.­197
  • g.­198
  • g.­199
g.­145

Sameness

  • mnyam pa nyid
  • མཉམ་པ་ཉིད།
  • samatā

(The state of) “equality,” “equal nature,” “equanimity,” or “equalness.”


48 passages contain this term
  • 1.­3
  • 1.­7
  • 2.­52
  • 2.­53
  • 2.­55
  • 2.­58
  • 2.­59
  • 2.­81
  • 2.­82
  • 2.­85
  • 2.­87
  • 2.­94
  • 3.­20
  • 3.­21
  • 3.­50
  • 3.­51
  • 3.­55
  • 3.­69
  • 3.­70
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­9
  • 6.­12
  • 6.­15
  • 6.­18
  • 7.­18
  • 7.­23
  • 7.­38
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­81
  • 8.­103
  • 9.­3
  • 9.­4
  • 9.­8
  • 9.­10
  • 9.­13
  • 9.­15
  • 9.­16
  • 9.­17
  • 9.­19
  • 9.­21
  • 10.­1
  • 10.­12
  • 10.­17
  • 10.­18
  • 11.­16
  • 11.­25
  • 11.­33
g.­146

Śāntamati

  • zhi ba’i blo gros
  • ཞི་བའི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • Śāntamati

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­32
g.­147

Śāntideva

  • zhi ba’i lha
  • ཞི་བའི་ལྷ།
  • Śāntideva

Indian commentator from the eighth century renowned for his work The Way of the Bodhisattva (Bodhi­caryāvatāra).


1 passage contains this term
  • i.­2
g.­148

Śāradvatīputra

  • sha ra dwa ti’i bu
  • ཤ་ར་དྭ་ཏིའི་བུ།
  • Śāradvatīputra

One of the closest disciples of the Buddha, known for his pure observance of discipline. Also known as Śāriputra.


38 passages contain this term
  • 4.­33
  • 4.­34
  • 4.­35
  • 4.­36
  • 4.­37
  • 4.­38
  • 4.­39
  • 4.­40
  • 4.­41
  • 4.­42
  • 4.­43
  • 4.­44
  • 4.­45
  • 4.­46
  • 4.­47
  • 4.­48
  • 4.­49
  • 4.­50
  • 4.­51
  • 4.­52
  • 4.­53
  • 4.­54
  • 4.­55
  • 4.­56
  • 4.­57
  • 4.­58
  • 4.­59
  • 4.­60
  • 4.­61
  • 4.­62
  • 4.­63
  • 4.­64
  • 11.­73
  • 11.­74
  • 11.­75
  • 11.­94
  • 11.­95
  • g.­149
g.­149

Śāriputra

  • sh’a ri’i bu
  • ཤའ་རིའི་བུ།
  • Śāriputra

See Śāradvatīputra.


3 passages contain this term
  • 1.­14
  • 1.­16
  • g.­148
g.­150

Sārthavāha

  • ded dpon
  • དེད་དཔོན།
  • Sārthavāha

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­25
g.­151

Seat of awakening

  • byang chub kyi snying po
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སྙིང་པོ།
  • bodhimaṇda

The seat of awakening, which can mean both the physical location where buddhas sit to become awakened and the state of awakening itself.


25 passages contain this term
  • 2.­19
  • 2.­24
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­18
  • 6.­14
  • 6.­15
  • 7.­35
  • 7.­36
  • 7.­37
  • 7.­38
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­79
  • 8.­187
  • 8.­189
  • 8.­190
  • 8.­191
  • 8.­193
  • 8.­196
  • 9.­12
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­32
  • 11.­12
  • 11.­69
  • 11.­70
  • 11.­75
g.­152

Seer of Light

  • snang ba mthong ba
  • སྣང་བ་མཐོང་བ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­28
g.­153

Sense source

  • skye mched
  • སྐྱེ་མཆེད།
  • āyatana

These can be listed as twelve or as six sense sources (sometimes also called sense fields, bases of cognition, or simply āyatanas):

In context of epistemology, it is one way of describing experience and the world in terms of twelve sense sources, which can be divided into inner and outer sense sources, namely: 1-2) eye and form, 3-4) ear and sound, 5-6) nose and odor, 7-8) tongue and taste, 9-10) body and touch, 11-12) mind and mental phenomena.

In the context of the twelve links of dependent origination, only six sense sources are mentioned and they are the inner sense sources (similar to the six faculties) of eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind.


9 passages contain this term
  • 2.­79
  • 4.­9
  • 4.­10
  • 4.­13
  • 5.­39
  • 7.­22
  • 8.­103
  • 9.­27
  • 9.­33
g.­154

Seven bases of consciousness

  • rnam par shes pa’i gnas bdun
  • རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པའི་གནས་བདུན།
  • sapta-vijñānasthiti

Seven categories that describe living beings in the higher realms, from humans up to the formless realm: 1) those different in body and different in perception; 2) those different in body and equal in perception; 3) those equal in body but different in perception; 4) those equal in body and equal in perception; 5) those reborn in the sphere of boundless space; 6) those reborn in the sphere of boundless consciousness; and 7) those reborn in the sphere of nothingness.


1 passage contains this term
  • 9.­27
g.­155

Seven precious materials

  • rin po che sna bdun
  • རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྣ་བདུན།
  • saptaratna

The list of seven precious materials varies. Either they are: gold, silver, turquoise, coral, pearl, emerald, and sapphire; or else they are: ruby, sapphire, beryl, emerald, diamond, pearls, and coral.


1 passage contains this term
  • 5.­4
g.­156

Signlessness

  • mtshan ma med pa
  • མཚན་མ་མེད་པ།
  • animitta

One of the three gateways to liberation; the ultimate absence of marks and signs in perceived objects.


21 passages contain this term
  • 1.­54
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­50
  • 3.­71
  • 6.­2
  • 6.­3
  • 7.­2
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­51
  • 8.­117
  • 9.­6
  • 9.­33
  • 9.­42
  • 9.­43
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­11
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­41
  • 11.­59
  • g.­179
g.­157

Silky White Mane And Perfect Limbs

  • dar dkar lta bu’i ral pa can yang lag ma smad pa
  • དར་དཀར་ལྟ་བུའི་རལ་པ་ཅན་ཡང་ལག་མ་སྨད་པ།
  • —

A lion king.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­4
g.­158

Siṃhaketu

  • seng ge’i tog
  • སེང་གེའི་ཏོག
  • Siṃhaketu

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­32
g.­159

Six perfections

  • pha rol tu phyin pa drug
  • ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་དྲུག
  • ṣaṭpāramitā

The six practices or qualities that a follower of the Great Vehicle perfects in order to transcend cyclic existence. They are generosity (dāna, byin pa), discipline (śīla, tshul khrims), patience or acceptance (kṣānti, bzod pa), diligence (vīrya, brtson ’grus), meditative concentration (dhyāna, bsam gtan), and insight (prajñā, shes rab).


8 passages contain this term
  • 2.­11
  • 2.­13
  • 2.­15
  • 2.­22
  • 3.­15
  • 8.­126
  • 8.­147
  • 10.­37
g.­160

Solid Armor

  • go cha sra ba
  • གོ་ཆ་སྲ་བ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


5 passages contain this term
  • 5.­7
  • 5.­8
  • 5.­39
  • 5.­40
  • 5.­41
g.­161

Solitary buddha

  • rang sangs rgyas
  • རང་སངས་རྒྱས།
  • pratyekabuddha

Beings who attain buddhahood without relying on a teacher in their final lifetime. They may live alone or with peers, but do not teach the path of liberation to others because of a lack of motivation or the requisite merit.


24 passages contain this term
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­54
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­39
  • 4.­38
  • 4.­43
  • 4.­53
  • 6.­9
  • 8.­12
  • 8.­126
  • 8.­176
  • 8.­187
  • 8.­200
  • 9.­39
  • 9.­42
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­9
  • 10.­15
  • 10.­16
  • 11.­45
  • 11.­51
  • g.­41
  • g.­93
  • g.­183
g.­162

Son of Manu

  • shed bu
  • ཤེད་བུ།
  • mānava

Manu is the archetypal human and the progenitor of humanity in Indian lore. Thus, “son of Manu” is a synonym for humanity in general. Also rendererd “born of Manu.”


1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­38
g.­163

Source of Happiness

  • dga’ ba ’byung ba
  • དགའ་བ་འབྱུང་བ།
  • —

A city in the world called Emanation.


1 passage contains this term
  • 10.­23
g.­164

Special insight

  • lhag mthong
  • ལྷག་མཐོང་།
  • vipaśyanā

An important form of Buddhist meditation focusing on developing insight into the nature of phenomena. Often presented as part of a pair of meditation techniques, the other being “tranquility.”


10 passages contain this term
  • 2.­60
  • 2.­67
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­44
  • 4.­30
  • 5.­37
  • 5.­79
  • 8.­10
  • 9.­26
  • g.­185
g.­165

Śrīgarbha

  • dpal gyi snying po
  • དཔལ་གྱི་སྙིང་པོ།
  • śrīgarbha

A type of red-colored precious gemstone.


2 passages contain this term
  • 1.­10
  • 1.­54
g.­166

Śrīgupta

  • dpal sbas
  • དཔལ་སྦས།
  • Śrīgupta

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­19
g.­167

Star-Color

  • skar mdog
  • སྐར་མདོག
  • —

Name of an eon (kalpa).


2 passages contain this term
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­22
g.­168

Steadfast Intelligence

  • blo gros brtan pa
  • བློ་གྲོས་བརྟན་པ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­26
g.­169

Suchness

  • de bzhin nyid
  • དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད།
  • tathatā

The ultimate nature of things, or the way things are in reality, as opposed to the way they appear to non-enlightened beings.


9 passages contain this term
  • 2.­68
  • 3.­50
  • 6.­5
  • 7.­2
  • 8.­101
  • 9.­2
  • 9.­5
  • 9.­10
  • 9.­11
g.­170

Sunirmita

  • rab ’phrul
  • རབ་འཕྲུལ།
  • Sunirmita

The principal deity in Nirmāṇarata, the second highest paradise in the desire realm.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­3
g.­171

Super-knowledge

  • mngon par shes pa
  • མངོན་པར་ཤེས་པ།
  • abhijñā

Traditionally listed as five: divine sight, divine hearing, the ability to know past and future lives, the ability to know the minds of others, and the ability to produce miracles.


20 passages contain this term
  • 1.­5
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­15
  • 1.­39
  • 3.­8
  • 3.­17
  • 5.­4
  • 6.­39
  • 6.­42
  • 6.­53
  • 7.­3
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­188
  • 8.­198
  • 8.­205
  • 8.­216
  • 9.­13
  • 9.­26
  • 10.­37
  • 10.­42
g.­172

Suryagarbha

  • nyi ma’i snying po
  • ཉི་མའི་སྙིང་པོ།
  • Suryagarbha

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­21
g.­173

Susārthavāha

  • ded dpon bzang po
  • དེད་དཔོན་བཟང་པོ།
  • Susārthavāha

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­33
g.­174

Teacher of the Power of Great Wisdom

  • ye shes chen po’i stobs kyi bsgrags pa
  • ཡེ་ཤེས་ཆེན་པོའི་སྟོབས་ཀྱི་བསྒྲགས་པ།
  • —

A buddha that resided in a previous world called Pure Light.


5 passages contain this term
  • 7.­3
  • 7.­4
  • 7.­5
  • 7.­9
  • g.­131
g.­175

Ten levels

  • sa bcu
  • ས་བཅུ།
  • daśabhūmi

The ten levels of a bodhisattva’s development into a fully enlightened buddha.


2 passages contain this term
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­44
g.­176

Ten nonvirtuous deeds

  • mi dge ba bcu
  • མི་དགེ་བ་བཅུ།
  • daśākuśala

Killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, gossip, covetousness, ill will, and wrong views.


1 passage contains this term
  • 9.­27
g.­177

Ten strengths

  • stobs pa rnam pa bcu
  • སྟོབས་པ་རྣམ་པ་བཅུ།
  • daśabala

The ten strengths are (1) the knowledge of what is possible and not possible; (2) the knowledge of the ripening of karma; (3) the knowledge of the variety of aspirations; (4) the knowledge of the variety of natures; (5) the knowledge of the different levels of capabilites; (6) the knowledge of the destinations of all paths; (7) the knowledge of various states of meditation (dhyāna, liberation, samādhi, samāpatti, and so on); (8) the knowledge of remembering previous lives; (9) the knowledge of deaths and rebirths; and (10) the knowledge of the cessation of defilements.


9 passages contain this term
  • 1.­7
  • 1.­32
  • 2.­27
  • 2.­49
  • 3.­17
  • 6.­21
  • 8.­217
  • 8.­219
  • g.­132
g.­178

Thinker of Good Thoughts

  • bsam pa legs par sems
  • བསམ་པ་ལེགས་པར་སེམས།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­31
g.­179

Three gateways of liberation

  • rnam thar sgo gsum
  • རྣམ་ཐར་སྒོ་གསུམ།
  • trivimokṣadvāra

Emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness.


1 passage contains this term
  • 8.­10
g.­180

Three realms

  • khams gsum
  • ཁམས་གསུམ།
  • tridhātu
  • traidhātuka

The three realms are the desire realm (kāmadhātu, ’dod khams), form realm (rūpadhātu, gzugs khams) and the formless realm (ārūpyadhātu, gzugs med khams), i.e., the three worlds that make up saṃsāra. The first is composed of the six sorts of beings (gods, asuras, humans, animals, hungry ghosts and hell beings), whereas the latter two are only realms of gods and are thus higher, more ethereal states of saṃsāra. See also three realms of existence.


15 passages contain this term
  • 3.­64
  • 6.­2
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­73
  • 8.­116
  • 8.­117
  • 8.­136
  • 9.­8
  • 10.­8
  • 10.­9
  • g.­24
  • g.­49
  • g.­50
  • g.­52
  • g.­181
g.­181

Three realms of existence

  • srid pa gsum
  • སྲིད་པ་གསུམ།
  • tribhava
  • tribhuvana

This alternatively refers to the underworlds, earth, and heavens, or can be synonymous with the three realms of desire, form, and formlessness (see three realms).


7 passages contain this term
  • 1.­44
  • 2.­36
  • 8.­190
  • 8.­197
  • 8.­209
  • 9.­24
  • g.­180
g.­182

Three spheres

  • ’khor gsum
  • འཁོར་གསུམ།
  • trimaṇḍala

Subject, object, and the various physical and cognitive actions that proliferate based on that duality.


6 passages contain this term
  • 2.­64
  • 2.­99
  • 7.­31
  • 9.­11
  • 9.­32
  • 9.­33
g.­183

Three vows

  • sdom pa gsum
  • སྡོམ་པ་གསུམ།
  • trisaṃvara

In Great Vehicle treatises, the vows of a layperson or monk (prātimokṣa), the vows of a solitary buddha, and the vows of a bodhisattva.


2 passages contain this term
  • 1.­56
  • 8.­4
g.­184

Thus-gone one

  • de bzhin gshegs pa
  • དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ།
  • tathāgata

A frequently used synonym for a buddha. The expression is interpreted in different ways, but in general it implies one who has arrived at the realization of the ultimate state.

Here also used as a specific epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.


79 passages contain this term
  • 1.­2
  • 1.­4
  • 1.­8
  • 1.­19
  • 1.­24
  • 1.­26
  • 1.­29
  • 1.­49
  • 1.­75
  • 3.­74
  • 4.­35
  • 4.­53
  • 4.­64
  • 5.­7
  • 5.­40
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­26
  • 6.­34
  • 6.­35
  • 6.­37
  • 6.­39
  • 6.­44
  • 6.­45
  • 6.­46
  • 6.­48
  • 6.­49
  • 6.­50
  • 6.­51
  • 6.­52
  • 6.­53
  • 6.­54
  • 6.­55
  • 6.­56
  • 6.­57
  • 6.­58
  • 6.­59
  • 6.­60
  • 6.­61
  • 6.­62
  • 7.­10
  • 7.­11
  • 7.­12
  • 7.­14
  • 7.­17
  • 7.­31
  • 7.­33
  • 7.­34
  • 7.­38
  • 7.­39
  • 8.­4
  • 8.­185
  • 8.­187
  • 8.­188
  • 9.­9
  • 9.­10
  • 9.­19
  • 9.­31
  • 10.­20
  • 10.­22
  • 10.­37
  • 11.­13
  • 11.­23
  • 11.­45
  • 11.­70
  • 11.­73
  • 11.­75
  • 11.­83
  • 12.­1
  • 12.­12
  • 12.­18
  • 12.­19
  • 12.­20
  • 12.­21
  • 12.­24
  • 12.­25
  • 12.­26
  • 12.­28
  • 12.­33
  • 12.­41
g.­185

Tranquility

  • zhi gnas
  • ཞི་གནས།
  • śamatha

One of the basic forms of Buddhist meditation, which focuses on calming the mind. Often presented as part of a pair of meditation techniques, the other being “special insight.”


13 passages contain this term
  • 1.­59
  • 1.­77
  • 2.­60
  • 3.­15
  • 3.­44
  • 4.­30
  • 5.­37
  • 5.­79
  • 8.­10
  • 8.­197
  • 9.­2
  • 9.­26
  • g.­164
g.­186

Transitory collection

  • ’jig tshogs
  • འཇིག་ཚོགས།
  • satkāya

The transitory collection of the five aggregates, the basis for the view of a self or that which belongs to a self.


3 passages contain this term
  • 3.­17
  • 9.­10
  • 9.­27
g.­187

Trichiliocosm

  • stong gsum gyi stong chen po’i ’jig rten gyi khams
  • སྟོང་གསུམ་གྱི་སྟོང་ཆེན་པོའི་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས།
  • tri­sāhasra­mahā­sāhasra­loka­dhātu

The largest universe described in Buddhist cosmology. This term, in Abhidharma cosmology, refers to 1,000³ world systems, i.e., 1,000 “dichiliocosms” or “two thousand great thousand world realms” (dvi­sāhasra­mahā­sāhasra­loka­dhātu), which are in turn made up of 1,000 first-order world systems, each with its own Mount Meru, continents, sun, and moon, as well as desire, form and formless realms, heavens of gods, etc.


16 passages contain this term
  • 1.­9
  • 1.­12
  • 1.­13
  • 1.­21
  • 1.­22
  • 1.­23
  • 2.­24
  • 3.­18
  • 4.­63
  • 5.­3
  • 8.­184
  • 10.­24
  • 11.­80
  • 12.­20
  • 12.­32
  • g.­140
g.­188

Unimpeded Light

  • ’od zer thogs pa med pa
  • འོད་ཟེར་ཐོགས་པ་མེད་པ།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­28
g.­189

Unique qualities of buddhahood

  • sangs rgyas rnams kyi ma ’dras chos
  • སངས་རྒྱས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་མ་འདྲས་ཆོས།
  • āveṇikabuddhadharma

Eighteen qualities that are exclusively possessed by a buddha. These are listed in the Dharma­saṃgraha as follows: The tathāgata does not possess: (1) confusion; (2) noisiness; (3) forgetfulness; (4) loss of meditative equipoise; (5) cognition of distinctness; or (6) nonanalytical equanimity. A buddha totally lacks: (7) degeneration of motivatedness; (8) degeneration of perseverance; (9) degeneration of mindfulness; (10) degeneration of samādhi; (11) degeneration of prajñā; (12) degeneration of complete liberation; and (13) degeneration of seeing the wisdom of complete liberation. (14) A tathāgata’s every action of body is preceded by wisdom and followed through with wisdom; (15) every action of speech is preceded by wisdom and followed through with wisdom; (16) a buddha’s every action of mind is preceded by wisdom and followed through with wisdom. (17) A tathāgata engages in seeing the past through wisdom that is unattached and unobstructed and (18) engages in seeing the present through wisdom that is unattached and unobstructed.


2 passages contain this term
  • 6.­21
  • g.­132
g.­190

Universal monarch

  • ’khor los sgyur ba’i rgyal po
  • འཁོར་ལོས་སྒྱུར་བའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
  • cakravartin

The term “universal monarch” denotes a just and pious king who rules over the universe according to the laws of Dharma. Such a monarch is called a cakravartin because he wields disc (cakra) that rolls (vartana) over continents, worlds, and world systems, bringing them under his power. A univerisal monarch is often considered the secular, polticial correlate of a buddha.


9 passages contain this term
  • 1.­54
  • 4.­44
  • 4.­53
  • 6.­58
  • 8.­209
  • 10.­24
  • 10.­33
  • 10.­42
  • g.­129
g.­191

Unsurpassed Diligence

  • brtson ’grus gong na med
  • བརྩོན་འགྲུས་གོང་ན་མེད།
  • —

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 1.­6
g.­192

Ūrṇa hair

  • mdzod spu
  • མཛོད་སྤུ།
  • ūrṇakeśa

A hair between the eyebrows of a buddha. One of the marks of an awakened being.


3 passages contain this term
  • 11.­69
  • 11.­87
  • 12.­20
g.­193

Vairocana

  • rnam par snang byed
  • རྣམ་པར་སྣང་བྱེད།
  • Vairocana

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­27
g.­194

Vārāṇasī

  • bA rA Na sI
  • བཱ་རཱ་ཎ་སཱི།
  • vārāṇasī

An ancient city in North India close to which the Buddha first taught the Dharma.


1 passage contains this term
  • 8.­187
g.­195

Vimalaprabhā

  • ’od dri ma med pa
  • འོད་དྲི་མ་མེད་པ།
  • Vimalaprabha

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­23
g.­196

Vinaya

  • ’dul ba
  • འདུལ་བ།
  • vinaya

The Buddha’s teachings that lay out the rules and disciplines for his followers.


5 passages contain this term
  • 7.­6
  • 7.­7
  • 7.­8
  • 12.­18
  • g.­124
g.­197

Vīra

  • dpa’ bo
  • དཔའ་བོ།
  • Vīra

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 11.­22
g.­198

Viśeṣagāmin

  • khyad par du ’gro ba
  • ཁྱད་པར་དུ་འགྲོ་བ།
  • Viśeṣagāmin

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­24
g.­199

Vyūharāja

  • bkod pa’i rgyal po
  • བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
  • Vyūharāja

A bodhisattva in the retinue of Buddha Śākyamuni.


1 passage contains this term
  • 7.­31
g.­200

Wishlessness

  • smon pa med pa
  • སྨོན་པ་མེད་པ།
  • apraṇihita

One of the three gateways to liberation; the ultimate absence of any wish, desire, or aspiration, even those directed towards buddhahood.


17 passages contain this term
  • 2.­51
  • 3.­17
  • 3.­50
  • 7.­2
  • 8.­53
  • 8.­116
  • 8.­117
  • 9.­6
  • 9.­33
  • 9.­42
  • 9.­43
  • 10.­4
  • 10.­11
  • 10.­14
  • 10.­41
  • 11.­60
  • g.­179
g.­201

Worthy one

  • dgra bcom pa
  • དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ།
  • arhat

According to Buddhist tradition, one who has conquered the enemies, i.e. mental afflictions or emotions, (kleśa-ari-hata) and reached liberation from the cycle of rebirth and suffering. It’s the fourth and highest of the four fruits attainable by hearers. Also used as an epithet of the Buddha.


3 passages contain this term
  • 1.­54
  • 11.­70
  • g.­96
g.­202

Yakṣa

  • gnod sbyin
  • གནོད་སྦྱིན།
  • yakṣa

A class of semi-divine beings that haunt or protect natural places and cities. They can be malevolent or benevolent, and are known for bestowing wealth and worldly boons. They are associated with Kubera, the god of wealth, who is often counted as their king.


2 passages contain this term
  • 6.­32
  • 12.­43
g.­203

Yeshé Dé

  • ye shes sde
  • ཡེ་ཤེས་སྡེ།
  • —

A prolific Tibetan translator active during the late eighth and early ninth centuries.


3 passages contain this term
  • i.­5
  • c.­1
  • n.­26
g.­204

Youthful Mañjuśrī

  • ’jam dpal gzhon nur gyur pa
  • འཇམ་དཔལ་གཞོན་ནུར་གྱུར་པ།
  • Mañjuśrīkumārabhūta

See Mañjuśrī.


3 passages contain this term
  • 7.­35
  • 7.­36
  • 7.­39
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