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ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ལ་དད་པ་རབ་ཏུ་སྒོམ་པ།

Cultivating Trust in the Great Vehicle

Mahā­yāna­prasāda­prabhāvana

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The full translation is available to download as pdf at:
https://read.84000.co/data/toh144_84000-cultivating-trust-in-the-great-vehicle.pdf

འཕགས་པ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ལ་དད་པ་རབ་ཏུ་སྒོམ་པ་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།

’phags pa theg pa chen po la dad pa rab tu sgom pa ces bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo

The Noble Great Vehicle Sūtra “Cultivating Trust in the Great Vehicle”

Ārya­mahā­yāna­prasāda­prabhāvana­nāma­mahāyāna­sūtra

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Toh 144

Degé Kangyur, vol. 57 (mdo sde, pa), folios 6.b–34.a.

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.

First published 2020
Current version v 1.0.9 (2021)
Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.1.18

84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.

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co.

Table of Contents

ti.Title
im.Imprint
co.Contents
s.Summary
ac.Acknowledgements
i.Introduction
tr.Cultivating Trust in the Great Vehicle
+ 5 chapters- 5 chapters
p.Prologue
1.The Characteristics of Trust
+ 11 sections- 11 sections
·1. Clarity
·2. Saturation
·3. Qualities
·4. Possession
·5. The Basis
·6. Transcendence
·7. The Root
·8. Protection
·9. Connection
·10. Continuity
·11. Perfection
2.Developing Trust
+ 12 sections- 12 sections
·1. Causes
·2. A Companion
·3. Examination
·4. Behavior
·5. Familiarity
·6. Absence of Weariness
·7. Fulfillment
·8. Composure
·9. Insatiability
·10. Solitude
·11. Determining That the Teacher Is Genuine
·The Ten Limitless Features
3.Classifications of Trust
4.The Benefits of Trust
5.Conclusion
c.Colophon
n.Notes
b.Bibliography
g.Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

In Cultivating Trust in the Great Vehicle, the Buddha Śākyamuni gives a discourse on the nature of trust (dad pa, prasāda) according to the Great Vehicle. The teaching is requested by a bodhisattva known as Great Skillful Trust, who requests the Buddha to answer four questions concerning the nature of trust in the Great Vehicle: (1) What are the characteristics of trust? (2) How is trust developed? (3) What are the different types of trust? (4) What are the benefits of having trust? Over the course of the sūtra, the Buddha answers all four questions, each in a separate chapter.


ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee under the guidance of Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche. The translation was produced by Andreas Doctor, who also wrote the introduction. Thomas Doctor, Catherine Dalton, and Ryan Damron subsequently compared the draft translation with the original Tibetan and edited it.

ac.­2

The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.


i.

Introduction

i.­1

Cultivating Trust in the Great Vehicle unfolds at Vulture Peak Mountain, where the Buddha, surrounded by a great number of bodhisattvas from the human and nonhuman realms and many monks and limitless other beings, gives a discourse on the nature of trust in the Great Vehicle. The teaching is requested by a bodhisattva known as Great Skillful Trust, who requests the Buddha to answer four questions concerning the nature of trust in the Great Vehicle:


The Translation

The Noble Great Vehicle Sūtra

Cultivating Trust in the Great Vehicle


p.

Prologue

p.­1

[B1] [F.6.b] Homage to all buddhas and bodhisattvas.


p.­2

Thus did I hear at one time. The Blessed One was dwelling in Rājagṛha at Vulture Peak Mountain together with a great bodhisattva saṅgha of bodhisattva great beings [F.7.a] who had gathered there from various buddha realms. Every one of them had conquered the demons and all adversaries. They were far removed from the fluctuations of the habitual tendencies of all disturbing emotions and subsidiary disturbing emotions. They had attained the level of great mastery where one can demonstrate birth into existence at will. They had attained the power that springs from giving away their bodies and abodes throughout limitless eons. They had realized the limitless workings of the demons along with all obstacles. They knew the conduct that is the means for achieving all the aims of all beings. They had obtained the great power that comes from knowing all types of liberation. They were skilled in refuting all the claims of non-Buddhists. They were skilled in attracting large crowds by means of their great miraculous emanations. Through cultivating the immense perfections, they had attained all the features of great practitioners. Like the sky, their minds were unstained by worldly phenomena.


1.

Chapter 1

The Characteristics of Trust

1.­1

Noble son, the bodhisattvas’ trust in the Great Vehicle that allows them to accomplish the Great Vehicle has eleven characteristics. These characteristics are: (1) clarity, (2) saturation, (3) qualities, (4) possession, (5) the basis, (6) transcendence, (7) the root, (8) protection, (9) the connection, (10) continuity, and (11) perfection.”

1. Clarity

1.­2

Great Skillful Trust said, “Blessed One, how is clarity a characteristic of the bodhisattvas’ trust in the Great Vehicle that allows them to accomplish the Great Vehicle?”

The Blessed One replied, “In this regard, noble son, the characteristic of clarity refers to the absence of four kinds of stains. If you wonder what the four types of stains are, they are the stains of hostility, insecurity, apprehension, and doubt.

2. Saturation

3. Qualities

4. Possession

5. The Basis

6. Transcendence

7. The Root

8. Protection

9. Connection

10. Continuity

11. Perfection


2.

Chapter 2

Developing Trust

2.­1

Then, the bodhisattva Great Skillful Trust asked the Blessed One, “Blessed One, how does one develop the bodhisattvas’ trust in the Great Vehicle that allows them accomplish the Great Vehicle?”

2.­2

The Blessed One replied, “Noble son, there are eleven aspects to developing the bodhisattvas’ trust in the Great Vehicle that allows them to accomplish the Great Vehicle. Such trust develops based on (1) causes, (2) a companion, (3) examination, (4) behavior, (5) familiarity, (6) absence of weariness, (7) fulfillment, (8) composure, (9) insatiability, (10) solitude, and (11) determining that the teacher is genuine.”

1. Causes

2.­3

The bodhisattva Great Skillful Trust said, “Blessed One, how do causes develop the bodhisattvas’ trust in the Great Vehicle that allows them to accomplish the Great Vehicle?”

2.­4

The Blessed One replied, “Noble son, bodhisattvas possess, from the very beginning, a seed of the virtuous Dharma of the Great Vehicle. Through the force of that predisposition for the pure Dharma, they naturally long for the Great Vehicle’s teachings on compassion, [F.17.a] and so trust develops based on that initial longing. Because of their interest in the Great Vehicle’s teachings on the profound and the vast, the bodhisattvas naturally sustain their longing, and so their trust develops. In the same way, bodhisattvas are naturally able to sustain patience in conjunction with the Great Vehicle’s teachings on hardships. And so, in turn, their trust develops further.

2. A Companion

3. Examination

4. Behavior

5. Familiarity

6. Absence of Weariness

7. Fulfillment

8. Composure

9. Insatiability

10. Solitude

11. Determining That the Teacher Is Genuine

The Ten Limitless Features


3.

Chapter 3

Classifications of Trust

3.­1

Then the bodhisattva Great Skillful Trust said, “Blessed One, what are the different aspects of the bodhisattvas’ trust in the Great Vehicle that allow them to accomplish the Great Vehicle?”

3.­2

The Blessed One replied, “Noble son, there are four aspects of the bodhisattvas’ trust in the Great Vehicle that allows them to accomplish the Great Vehicle. If you wonder what they are, they are as follows: (1) the trust that comes from resting, (2) the trust that arises upon birth, (3) the trust that emerges at another time, and (4) the trust that appears naturally.


4.

Chapter 4

The Benefits of Trust

4.­1

At this point, the bodhisattva Great Skillful Trust said, “Blessed One, what are the benefits of possessing the bodhisattvas’ trust in the Great Vehicle that allows them to accomplish the Great Vehicle?”

4.­2

The Blessed One replied, “Noble son, there are limitless benefits of having the bodhisattvas’ trust in the Great Vehicle that allows them to accomplish the Great Vehicle. However, I shall indicate only a fraction of them here.


5.

Conclusion

5.­1

Then, the bodhisattva Great Skillful Trust said to the Blessed One, “Blessed One, it is wonderful that, for those novice bodhisattvas who are engaged in inspired conduct, you have taught the perfect characteristics of the trust in the Great Vehicle along with the perfect ways that trust is developed, the perfect classifications of trust, and now also the perfect benefits. Blessed One, if one contemplates and practices based on these teachings, then the perfect, exalted, and limitless qualities of other bodhisattvas will also become apparent.”


c.

Colophon

c.­1

It was clarified, written down, and finalized by the Indian preceptors Jinamitra and Dānaśīla, the translator-editor Bandé Yeshé Dé, and others.


n.

Notes

n.­1
For an English translation, see Asaṅga (2001), pp. 190–92.
n.­2
On Butön’s claim, see below n.­3. A search for plausible variants of the sūtra title in the Kangyur and Tengyur collections resulted in only a single quotation (using the modified title dad pa rab tu bsgom pa’i mdo): Dharmamitra quotes the work in his Abhisamayālaṃkāra­kārikā­prajñā­pāramitopadeśa­śāstra­ṭīkā D 3796: vol. 87, folios 96.a7–96.b1.
n.­3
The only mention of this sūtra in English that we are aware of is a brief discussion found in Skilling (2000), pp. 323–24. Here, Skilling also mentions that “Kazunobu Matsuda has written (in Japanese) about the sūtra with reference to the Abhidharma­samuccaya and Vyākhyāyukti in his ‘On the two unknown Sūtras adopted by the Yogācāra School, based on a passage found in the writings of Bu ston and Blo gros rgyal mtshan,’ in Zuihō Yamaguchi (ed.): Buddhism and Society in Tibet, Tokyo 1986, pp. 269–89.” Unfortunately, we have been unable to consult Matsuda’s article for our work on this translation.
n.­4
Denkarma, 298.a.4. See also Herrmann-Pfandt (2008), pp. 75–76.
n.­5
Phangthangma (2003), p. 11.
n.­6
The phrase “trust in the Great Vehicle that allows them to accomplish the Great Vehicle,” which occurs repeatedly in this text, translates the Tibetan theg pa chen po’i phyir theg pa chen po la dad pa. This is a rather obscure expression that is difficult to understand conclusively without Sanskrit attestation. Therefore, our rendering of this phrase should be seen as somewhat tentative. The key term to understanding this phrase is the Tibetan term phyir, which typically means “because of,” “on account of,” or “for the sake of.” We have here understood this term to indicate that trust in the Great Vehicle is the factor that enables bodhisattvas to become successful in its practices. Significantly, in support of this interpretation, we also find a single occurrence in the Degé block print (folio 9.b.7) where the term phyir is replaced by slad du. This helps us narrow down the meaning as slad du has a narrower semantic range that normally is translated “for the sake of” or “on account of.” In this way we have arrived at our somewhat interpretive translation, which we nevertheless believe carries the intended meaning of this odd phrase.
n.­7
We have edited the text here to exclude what appears to be an instance of dittography. We have omitted the second occurrence of the line bdag la phan pa gtso bor byed pas sangs rgyas la dad pa skyed.
n.­8
A similar, though not identical, list of twenty-eight wrong views that bodhisattvas may fall into is found in the Abhidharma­samuccaya (Asaṅga 2001). See also the introduction.

b.

Bibliography

’phags pa theg pa chen po la dad pa rab tu sgom pa ces bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Ārya­mahā­yāna­prasāda­prabhāvana­nāma­mahā­yāna­sūtra). Toh 144, Degé Kangyur vol. 57 (mdo sde, pa), folios 6.b–34.a.

’phags pa theg pa chen po la dad pa rab tu sgom pa ces bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. bka’ ‘gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ‘jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–2009, vol. 57, pp. 20–85.

’phags pa theg pa chen po la dad pa rab tu sgom pa ces bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. Stok no. 228, Stok Palace Kangyur vol. 74 (mdo sde, ’a), folios 58.b–98.a.

dkar chag ’phang thang ma. Beijing: mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 2003.

Asaṅga. Abhidharmasamuccaya: The Compendium of the Higher Teaching (Philosophy). Translated by Walpola Rahula and Sara Boin-Webb. Fremont, CA: Asian Humanities Press, 2001.

Denkarma (pho brang stod thang ldan [/ lhan] dkar gyi chos ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Toh 4364, Degé Tengyur vol. 206 (sna tshogs, jo), folios 294.b–310.a.

Herrmann-Pfandt, Adelheid. Die lHan kar ma: ein früher Katalog der ins Tibetische übersetzten buddhistischen Texte. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008.

Skilling, Peter. “Vasubandhu and the Vyākhyāyukti Literature.” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 23, no. 2 (2000): 297–350.


g.

Glossary

g.­1

Absence of characteristics

  • mtshan ma med pa
  • མཚན་མ་མེད་པ།
  • animitta

One of the three gateways to liberation along with emptiness and absence of wishes.


5 passages contain this term
  • 2.­24
  • 2.­64
  • 5.­7
  • g.­2
  • g.­15
g.­2

Absence of wishes

  • smon pa med pa
  • སྨོན་པ་མེད་པ།
  • apraṇihita

One of the three gateways to liberation along with emptiness and absence of characteristics.


4 passages contain this term
  • 2.­24
  • 5.­7
  • g.­1
  • g.­15
g.­3

Acting with Trust

  • dad pas rab du ’jug pa
  • དད་པས་རབ་དུ་འཇུག་པ།

    A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


    1 passage contains this term
    • p.­3
    g.­4

    Aggregates

    • phung po
    • ཕུང་པོ།
    • skandha

    The fivefold basic grouping of the components out of which the world and the personal self are formed.


    4 passages contain this term
    • 1.­30
    • 1.­31
    • 5.­11
    • g.­66
    g.­5

    Always Following Trust

    • rtag tu dad pa’i rjes ’brang
    • རྟག་ཏུ་དད་པའི་རྗེས་འབྲང་།

      A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


      1 passage contains this term
      • p.­3
      g.­6

      Ānanda

      • kun dga’ bo
      • ཀུན་དགའ་བོ།
      • Ānanda

      Attendant of the Buddha and the one who is said to have memorized the sūtras.


      6 passages contain this term
      • 5.­9
      • 5.­10
      • 5.­11
      • 5.­12
      • 5.­13
      • 5.­14
      g.­7

      Asura

      • lha ma yin
      • ལྷ་མ་ཡིན།
      • asura

      The traditional adversaries of the devas (gods) who are frequently portrayed in brahmanical mythology as having a disruptive effect on cosmological and social harmony.


      3 passages contain this term
      • p.­3
      • 5.­7
      • 5.­15
      g.­8

      Brahmā

      • tshangs pa
      • ཚངས་པ།
      • Brahmā

      A high-ranking deity presiding over a divine world where other beings consider him the creator; he is also considered to be the “Lord of the Sahā world” (our universe).


      1 passage contains this term
      • 1.­26
      g.­9

      Clear Trust

      • dad pa gsal
      • དད་པ་གསལ།
      • —

      A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


      1 passage contains this term
      • p.­3
      g.­10

      Concentration

      • bsam gtan
      • བསམ་གཏན།
      • dhyāna

      One of the six perfections.


      5 passages contain this term
      • 1.­26
      • 2.­5
      • 4.­18
      • 5.­5
      • g.­52
      g.­11

      Destroying Doubt regarding Trust

      • dad pa la yid gnyis rnam par ’jom pa
      • དད་པ་ལ་ཡིད་གཉིས་རྣམ་པར་འཇོམ་པ།

        A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


        1 passage contains this term
        • p.­3
        g.­12

        Dharma body

        • chos kyi sku
        • ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ།
        • dharmakāya

        One of three “bodies” manifested by the buddhas.


        1 passage contains this term
        • 2.­71
        g.­13

        Diligence

        • brtson ’grus
        • བརྩོན་འགྲུས།
        • vīrya

        One of the six perfections.


        4 passages contain this term
        • 1.­23
        • 2.­5
        • 4.­17
        • g.­52
        g.­14

        Discipline

        • tshul khrims
        • ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས།
        • śīla

        One of the six perfections.


        6 passages contain this term
        • 1.­30
        • 2.­5
        • 2.­7
        • 4.­15
        • 5.­5
        • g.­52
        g.­15

        Emptiness

        • stong pa nyid
        • སྟོང་པ་ཉིད།
        • śūnyatā

        One of the three gateways to liberation along with absence of characteristics and absence of wishes.


        6 passages contain this term
        • i.­6
        • 2.­24
        • 2.­64
        • 5.­7
        • g.­1
        • g.­2
        g.­16

        Establishing Trust

        • dad pa rab tu ’jog byed
        • དད་པ་རབ་ཏུ་འཇོག་བྱེད།

          A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


          1 passage contains this term
          • p.­3
          g.­17

          Even Trust

          • dad pa mnyam
          • དད་པ་མཉམ།

            A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


            1 passage contains this term
            • p.­3
            g.­18

            Factors of awakening

            • byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos
            • བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཆོས།
            • bodhipakṣadharma

            The set of practices that lead to awakening, traditionally listed as thirty-seven.


            2 passages contain this term
            • 2.­57
            • 3.­9
            g.­19

            Five types of beings

            • ’gro ba lnga
            • འགྲོ་བ་ལྔ་།
            • pañcagati

            These comprise the gods and humans of the higher realms within saṃsāra, along with the animals, hungry spirits, and hell beings of the lower realms.


            4 passages contain this term
            • 1.­8
            • 1.­10
            • 1.­27
            • 1.­28
            g.­20

            Four Great Kings

            • rgyal po chen po bzhi
            • རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ་བཞི།
            • Caturmahārāja

            The powerful nonhuman guardian kings of the four quarters—Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Vaiśravaṇa—who rule, respectively, over kumbhāṇḍas in the south, nāgas in the west, gandharvas in the east, and yakṣas in the north.


            2 passages contain this term
            • 1.­26
            • g.­27
            g.­21

            Four states of concentration

            • bsam gtan bzhi
            • བསམ་གཏན་བཞི།
            • caturdhyāna

            The four levels of meditative absorption of form realm beings.


            1 passage contains this term
            • 1.­46
            g.­22

            Fully Settled in Trust

            • dad pa rab gnas
            • དད་པ་རབ་གནས།

              A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


              1 passage contains this term
              • p.­3
              g.­23

              Gandharva

              • dri za
              • དྲི་ཟ།
              • gandharva

              Lower class of divine beings said to dwell in the east, under the jurisdiction of the Great King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. Capable of flight, they are often described as “celestial musicians.”


              4 passages contain this term
              • p.­3
              • 5.­7
              • 5.­15
              • g.­20
              g.­24

              Garuḍa

              • nam mkha’ lding
              • ནམ་མཁའ་ལྡིང་།
              • garuḍa

              Lower class of divine beings described as eagle-type birds with gigantic wingspans. They are traditionally enemies of the nāgas. In the Vedas, they are said to have brought nectar from the heavens to earth.


              2 passages contain this term
              • p.­3
              • 5.­7
              g.­25

              Generosity

              • sbyin pa
              • སྦྱིན་པ།
              • dāna

              One of the six perfections.


              3 passages contain this term
              • 2.­5
              • 4.­14
              • g.­52
              g.­26

              Genuinely Entering Trust

              • dad pa la yang dag par zhugs
              • དད་པ་ལ་ཡང་དག་པར་ཞུགས།

                A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                1 passage contains this term
                • p.­3
                g.­27

                Great King

                • rgyal po chen po
                • རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ།
                • Mahārāja

                See “Four Great Kings.”


                2 passages contain this term
                • g.­23
                • g.­69
                g.­28

                Great Skillful Trust

                • dad pa thabs chen
                • དད་པ་ཐབས་ཆེན།

                  A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                  48 passages contain this term
                  • s.­1
                  • i.­1
                  • i.­3
                  • p.­3
                  • p.­5
                  • 1.­2
                  • 1.­4
                  • 1.­6
                  • 1.­11
                  • 1.­14
                  • 1.­16
                  • 1.­18
                  • 1.­20
                  • 1.­22
                  • 1.­25
                  • 1.­32
                  • 1.­34
                  • 1.­39
                  • 1.­41
                  • 1.­43
                  • 1.­45
                  • 1.­47
                  • 1.­49
                  • 1.­52
                  • 1.­54
                  • 1.­56
                  • 2.­1
                  • 2.­3
                  • 2.­6
                  • 2.­8
                  • 2.­39
                  • 2.­41
                  • 2.­43
                  • 2.­45
                  • 2.­47
                  • 2.­49
                  • 2.­51
                  • 2.­54
                  • 2.­56
                  • 2.­58
                  • 2.­61
                  • 3.­1
                  • 4.­1
                  • 5.­1
                  • 5.­3
                  • 5.­4
                  • 5.­5
                  • 5.­7
                  g.­29

                  Great Trust

                  • dad pa chen po
                  • དད་པ་ཆེན་པོ།

                    A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                    2 passages contain this term
                    • p.­3
                    • 2.­42
                    g.­30

                    Heaven of Delighting in Emanations

                    • ’phrul dga’
                    • འཕྲུལ་དགའ།
                    • Nirmāṇarati

                    The fifth of the six heavens of the desire realm.


                    1 passage contains this term
                    • 1.­26
                    g.­31

                    Heaven of Joy

                    • dga’ ldan
                    • དགའ་ལྡན།
                    • Tuṣita

                    The fourth of the six heavens of the desire realm. In Buddhist thought it is where all future buddhas dwell prior to their awakening.


                    2 passages contain this term
                    • 1.­26
                    • 4.­50
                    g.­32

                    Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations

                    • gzhan ’phrul dbang byed pa
                    • གཞན་འཕྲུལ་དབང་བྱེད་པ།
                    • Paranirmitavaśavartin

                    The sixth and highest of the six heavens of the desire realm.


                    1 passage contains this term
                    • 1.­26
                    g.­33

                    Heaven of the Thirty-Three

                    • sum cu rtsa gsum
                    • སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ།
                    • Trāyastriṃśa

                    The second heaven of the desire realm located above Mount Meru and reigned over by Indra and thirty-two other gods.


                    3 passages contain this term
                    • 1.­26
                    • 4.­48
                    • g.­56
                    g.­34

                    Hungry One

                    • zas ’dod
                    • ཟས་འདོད།

                      A brahmin who was converted by the buddha Vipaśyin.


                      1 passage contains this term
                      • 4.­49
                      g.­35

                      Hungry spirit

                      • yi dags
                      • ཡི་དགས།
                      • preta

                      A class of beings who, in the Buddhist tradition, are particularly known to suffer from hunger and thirst and the inability to acquire sustenance.


                      4 passages contain this term
                      • 1.­40
                      • 1.­44
                      • 1.­45
                      • g.­19
                      g.­36

                      Immutable Trust

                      • dad pa mi g.yo
                      • དད་པ་མི་གཡོ།

                        A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                        1 passage contains this term
                        • p.­3
                        g.­37

                        Increasing Trust

                        • dad pa rnam par ’phel byed
                        • དད་པ་རྣམ་པར་འཕེལ་བྱེད།

                          A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                          1 passage contains this term
                          • p.­3
                          g.­38

                          Insight

                          • lhag mthong
                          • ལྷག་མཐོང་།
                          • vipaśyanā

                          One of the two primary forms of meditation in Buddhism, the other being tranquility.


                          10 passages contain this term
                          • i.­3
                          • 2.­48
                          • 2.­49
                          • 2.­50
                          • 2.­52
                          • 2.­53
                          • 3.­11
                          • 5.­5
                          • 5.­7
                          • g.­63
                          g.­39

                          Investigating Trust

                          • dad pa rab tshol
                          • དད་པ་རབ་ཚོལ།

                            A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                            1 passage contains this term
                            • p.­3
                            g.­40

                            Kāśyapa

                            • ’od srung
                            • འོད་སྲུང་།
                            • Kāśyapa

                            A previous buddha, the third of this current eon.


                            2 passages contain this term
                            • 4.­48
                            • 4.­50
                            g.­41

                            Kinnara

                            • mi’am ci
                            • མིའམ་ཅི།
                            • kinnara

                            A class of semidivine beings that resemble humans to the degree that their very name—which means “Is that a human?”—suggests some confusion as to their divine status.


                            2 passages contain this term
                            • p.­3
                            • 5.­7
                            g.­42

                            Knowledge

                            • shes rab
                            • ཤེས་རབ།
                            • prajñā

                            One of the six perfections.


                            6 passages contain this term
                            • 1.­30
                            • 1.­46
                            • 2.­5
                            • 2.­52
                            • 4.­19
                            • g.­52
                            g.­43

                            Leading towards Trust

                            • dad par ’jug byed
                            • དད་པར་འཇུག་བྱེད།

                              A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                              1 passage contains this term
                              • p.­3
                              g.­44

                              Level of devoted engagement

                              • mos pa spyod pa’i sa
                              • མོས་པ་སྤྱོད་པའི་ས།
                              • adhimukticaryābhūmi

                              An early stage in a bodhisattva’s career during which they have developed a degree of conviction that is not yet informed by direct experience. The level of devoted engagement is said to comprise the first two of the five paths, those of accumulation and preparation, which lead up to the path of seeing. This level is also presented as the second of seven spiritual levels in the Bodhisattvabhūmi, which follows the initial level of the spiritual potential (gotrabhūmi).


                              6 passages contain this term
                              • i.­3
                              • p.­4
                              • 1.­4
                              • 1.­5
                              • 1.­41
                              • g.­44
                              g.­45

                              Limit of reality

                              • yang dag pa’i mtha’
                              • ཡང་དག་པའི་མཐའ།
                              • bhūtakoṭi

                              A synonym for ultimate truth and a way of describing the attainment of perfection as the culmination of the spiritual path.


                              2 passages contain this term
                              • 2.­64
                              • 2.­72
                              g.­46

                              Mahākāśyapa

                              • ’od srung chen po
                              • འོད་སྲུང་ཆེན་པོ།
                              • Mahākāśyapa

                              One of the principal students of the Buddha.


                              1 passage contains this term
                              • p.­3
                              g.­47

                              Mahoraga

                              • lto ’phye chen po
                              • ལྟོ་འཕྱེ་ཆེན་པོ།
                              • mahoraga

                              A class of nonhuman, snake-like beings.


                              2 passages contain this term
                              • p.­3
                              • 5.­7
                              g.­48

                              Māra

                              • bdud
                              • བདུད།
                              • Māra

                              The demon opposing the Buddha’s teaching; in the plural (“māras”) it denotes all such nonhuman beings.


                              1 passage contains this term
                              • 1.­26
                              g.­49

                              Nāga

                              • klu
                              • ཀླུ།
                              • nāga

                              A semidivine class of beings who live in subterranean aquatic environments and who are known to hoard wealth and esoteric teachings. They are associated with snakes and serpents.


                              4 passages contain this term
                              • p.­3
                              • 5.­7
                              • g.­20
                              • g.­24
                              g.­50

                              Patience

                              • bzod pa
                              • བཟོད་པ།
                              • kṣānti

                              One of the six perfections.


                              4 passages contain this term
                              • 2.­4
                              • 2.­5
                              • 4.­16
                              • g.­52
                              g.­51

                              Peak of existence

                              • srid pa’i rtse mo
                              • སྲིད་པའི་རྩེ་མོ།
                              • bhavāgra

                              Refers to the realm of neither notion nor no notion, since it is the highest level in saṃsāra.


                              1 passage contains this term
                              • 1.­26
                              g.­52

                              Perfection

                              • pha rol tu phyin pa
                              • ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ།
                              • pāramitā

                              The trainings of the bodhisattvas, typically understood as the six trainings in generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, concentration, and knowledge.


                              6 passages contain this term
                              • 4.­14
                              • 4.­15
                              • 4.­16
                              • 4.­17
                              • 4.­18
                              • 4.­19
                              g.­53

                              Rājagṛha

                              • rgyal po’i khab
                              • རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁབ།
                              • Rājagṛha

                              The ancient capital of Magadha; the site where many Great Vehicle sūtras take place.


                              5 passages contain this term
                              • p.­2
                              • 4.­48
                              • 4.­49
                              • 4.­50
                              • g.­68
                              g.­54

                              Realm of neither notion nor no notion

                              • ’du shes med ’du shes med min
                              • འདུ་ཤེས་མེད་འདུ་ཤེས་མེད་མིན།
                              • naivasaṃjñānāsaṃjñā

                              The highest of the four formless realms, so termed because conceptions there are weak but not entirely absent.


                              2 passages contain this term
                              • 1.­26
                              • g.­51
                              g.­55

                              Realm of phenomena

                              • chos kyi dbyings
                              • ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས།
                              • dharmadhātu

                              The “sphere of dharmas,” a synonym for the nature of things.


                              3 passages contain this term
                              • 2.­64
                              • 3.­8
                              • 4.­6
                              g.­56

                              Śakra

                              • brgya byin
                              • བརྒྱ་བྱིན།
                              • Śakra

                              A divine being who rules the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.


                              1 passage contains this term
                              • 1.­26
                              g.­57

                              Searching for the Vessel of Trust

                              • dad pa’i snod yongs su tshol
                              • དད་པའི་སྣོད་ཡོངས་སུ་ཚོལ།

                                A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                                3 passages contain this term
                                • p.­3
                                • 5.­4
                                • 5.­6
                                g.­58

                                Seven precious substances

                                • rin po che sna bdun
                                • རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྣ་བདུན།
                                • saptaratna

                                The list of seven precious materials varies. They can be gold, silver, turquoise, coral, pearl, emerald, and sapphire; or they may be ruby, sapphire, beryl, emerald, diamond, pearls, and coral.


                                1 passage contains this term
                                • 5.­7
                                g.­59

                                Stainless Trust

                                • dad pa dri ma med pa
                                • དད་པ་དྲི་མ་མེད་པ།

                                  A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                                  1 passage contains this term
                                  • p.­3
                                  g.­60

                                  Suchness

                                  • de bzhin nyid
                                  • དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད།
                                  • tathatā

                                  The quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms.


                                  1 passage contains this term
                                  • 2.­64
                                  g.­61

                                  Teaching Trust

                                  • dad pa ston pa
                                  • དད་པ་སྟོན་པ།

                                    A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                                    1 passage contains this term
                                    • p.­3
                                    g.­62

                                    Training in Trust

                                    • dad pa rnam par sbyong
                                    • དད་པ་རྣམ་པར་སྦྱོང་།

                                      A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                                      1 passage contains this term
                                      • p.­3
                                      g.­63

                                      Tranquility

                                      • zhi gnas
                                      • ཞི་གནས།
                                      • śamatha

                                      One of the two primary forms of meditation in Buddhism, the other being insight.


                                      9 passages contain this term
                                      • 2.­48
                                      • 2.­49
                                      • 2.­50
                                      • 2.­52
                                      • 2.­53
                                      • 3.­11
                                      • 5.­5
                                      • 5.­7
                                      • g.­38
                                      g.­64

                                      Undiminished Trust

                                      • dad pa ma nyams
                                      • དད་པ་མ་ཉམས།

                                        A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                                        1 passage contains this term
                                        • p.­3
                                        g.­65

                                        Unwavering Trust

                                        • dad pa mi sgul ba
                                        • དད་པ་མི་སྒུལ་བ།

                                          A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.


                                          1 passage contains this term
                                          • p.­3
                                          g.­66

                                          View that a person is real

                                          • ’jig tshogs la lta ba
                                          • འཇིག་ཚོགས་ལ་ལྟ་བ།
                                          • satkāyadṛṣṭi

                                          The Tibetan is literally “the view of the destructible collection,” and the Sanskrit is “the view of the existing body.” Both refer to a view that identifies the existence of a self in relation to the five aggregates.


                                          1 passage contains this term
                                          • 2.­35
                                          g.­67

                                          Vipaśyin

                                          • rnam par gzigs
                                          • རྣམ་པར་གཟིགས།
                                          • Vipaśyin

                                          A buddha of a previous eon.


                                          2 passages contain this term
                                          • 4.­49
                                          • g.­34
                                          g.­68

                                          Vulture Peak Mountain

                                          • bya rgod kyi phung po’i ri
                                          • བྱ་རྒོད་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོའི་རི།
                                          • Gṛdhrakūṭaparvata

                                          The mountain, near to the city of Rājagṛha, where many Great Vehicle teachings were delivered by the Buddha Śākyamuni.


                                          2 passages contain this term
                                          • i.­1
                                          • p.­2
                                          g.­69

                                          Yakṣa

                                          • gnod sbyin
                                          • གནོད་སྦྱིན།
                                          • yakṣa

                                          A class of supernatural beings said to dwell in the north, under the jurisdiction of the Great King Vaiśravaṇa. Although they are generally portrayed as benevolent, the Tibetan translation means “harm giver,” as they are also capable of causing harm.


                                          3 passages contain this term
                                          • p.­3
                                          • 5.­7
                                          • g.­20
                                          g.­70

                                          Yāma Heaven

                                          • mtshe ma
                                          • མཚེ་མ།
                                          • Yāma

                                          The third of the six heavens of the desire realm. Also known as the Heaven Free from Strife (Tib. ’thab bral).


                                          2 passages contain this term
                                          • 1.­26
                                          • 4.­49
                                          0

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