བསོད་ནམས་ཐམས་ཅད་བསྡུས་པའི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན།

The Absorption That Encapsulates All Merit

Sarvapuṇya­samuccaya­samādhi

This webpage does not include the entire published text

The full translation is available to download as pdf at:
https://read.84000.co/data/toh134_84000-the-absorption-that-encapsulates-all-merit.pdf

འཕགས་པ་བསོད་ནམས་ཐམས་ཅད་བསྡུས་པའི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།

’phags pa bsod nams thams cad bsdus pa’i ting nge ’dzin ces bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo

The Noble Mahāyāna Sūtra “The Absorption That Encapsulates All Merit”

Ārya­sarva­puṇya­samuccaya­samādhi­nāma­mahā­yāna­sūtra

Toh 134

Degé Kangyur, vol. 56 (mdo sde, na), folios 70.b–121.b.

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2016
Current version v 1.35.5 (2019)
Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.1.16

84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.

Logo for the license

This work is provided under the protection of a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution - Non-commercial - No-derivatives) 3.0 copyright. It may be copied or printed for fair use, but only with full attribution, and not for commercial advantage or personal compensation. For full details, see the Creative Commons license.

s.

Summary

s.­1

The Absorption That Encapsulates All Merit tells the story of Vimalatejā, a strongman renowned for his physical prowess, who visits the Buddha in order to compare abilities and prove that he is the mightier of the two. He receives an unexpected, humbling riposte in the form of a teaching by the Buddha on the inconceivable magnitude of the powers of awakened beings, going well beyond mere physical strength. The discussions that then unfold—largely between the Buddha, Vimalatejā, and the bodhisattva Nārāyaṇa—touch on topics including the importance of creating merit, the centrality of learning and insight, and the question of whether renunciation entails monasticism. Above all, however, Vimalatejā is led to see that the entirety of the Great Vehicle path hinges on the practice that forms the name of the sūtra, which is nothing other than the mind of awakening (bodhicitta).

ac.

Acknowledgments

ac.­1

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee under the guidance of Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche. Zachary Beer produced the translation and wrote the introduction. Andreas Doctor compared the translation with the original Tibetan and edited the text. The translators are grateful to Khenpo Trokpa Tulku from Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling Monastery for his assistance in resolving several difficult passages.

This translation was sponsored by Shakya Dewa, and has been completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.

c.

Colophon

c.­1

Translated, edited, and finalized by the Indian preceptors Prajñāvarman and Śīlendrabodhi, the chief editor and translator Bandé Yeshé Dé, and others.

n.

Notes

n.­1
The catalogue of the Narthang Kangyur (F.94a) says that the Tshalpa (tshal pa) catalogue lists this text as having two chapters (le’u), but that the Great Fifth Dalai Lama considered this to be a scribal error. Neverheless, the 16th century Tibetan commentator Pekar Zangpo (pad dkar bzang po, p 193) does identify a thematic distinction, writing that the first chapter deals with the nature of the absorption while the second explains its causes and the benefits of training in it. Curiously, however, both the Narthang and Degé catalogues also list the text as having no less than 50 le’u. It may be that in this and similar catalogue entries (see also Dharmachakra 2016, Introduction I.15) the term le’u is being used to denote “episodes” or “scenes,” rather than in its more usual sense of formal sections or chapters.
n.­2
The Degé Kangyur, in common with the other Kangyurs predominantly of the Tshalpa tradition, here reads dgon par bgyi ba lta bu ni ’jig rten gnas pa lags so, which is difficult to interpret in the context. This (and some other details of this passage) appear less erroneous in the Kangyurs of the Thempangma tradition. The Stok Palace (stog pho brang) manuscript Kangyur reads dgum par bgyi ba lta bu ni … which is the reading we have translated here.
n.­3
Tib: gang kho na na gnas pa de kho nar ’gags pa. “Remaining in themselves and ceasing in themselves” is our best guess at translating this obscure phrase.
n.­4
The occurrence in this passage of the term bar ma dor yongs su myang ngan las ’da’ ba / anantarā­parinirvāyī is the only occurrence in any of the Kangyur sūtra sections, except for one mention in the longer Prajñā­pāramitā­sūtras in relation to the Buddha’s qualities. The term is included in the Mahā­vyutpatti (section 46, 1015), and the sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa makes it clear that the Tibetans interpreted it as attaining the śrāvaka’s nirvāṇa in the interval between one life and the next (antara­parinirvāṇi zhes bya ba phyir mi ’ong ba srid pa gcig nas ’phos pa pha rol tu yang ma skyes par srid pa bar mdo’i tshe dgra bcom pa’i ’bras bu mngon du byas nas mya ngan las ’da’ bas na bar ma dor yongs su mya ngan las ’da’ ba zhes bya). According to Edgerton the Pāli sources interpret the term as meaning simply “attaining parinirvāṇa prematurely” i.e. in the middle of life, and the Prajñā­pāramitā occurrence could be interpreted as prematurely in the sense of before having perfected the qualities. Here it could be interpreted either simply as attaining nirvāṇa “without any interval,” i.e. immediately, or possibly as in the interval after death; in both cases the implication is, of course, that the bodhisattva will not continue to live to benefit beings.
n.­5
Tib: bdag gi sdug bsngal dang ’dra bar ’dod pa (or, in the Stok Palace Kangyur, bdag gis sdug bsngal …). The meaning of this expression is unclear to us.
n.­6
Tib: sgra dang sgra ma yin pa so sor brtag pa la mkhas pa. The Tibetan sgra has a wide range of meanings, including “sound,” “voice,” “speech,” “language,” “word,” “term,” and “grammar.” It is not clear what this expression means in the context of this sentence.
n.­7
Tib: snying rje ni kun tu spyod pa med pa’i mtshan nyid do. This way of defining compassion is surprising; it could possibly carry the sense of not having a fixed type of conduct, though this is not clear.
b.

Bibliography

’phags pa bsod nams thams cad bsdus pa’i ting nge ’dzin ces bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Ārya­sarva­puṇya­samuccaya­samādhi­nāma­mahā­yāna­sūtra). Toh 134, Degé Kangyur, vol. 56 (mdo sde, na), folios 70b–121b.

’phags pa bsod nams thams cad bsdus pa’i ting nge ’dzin ces bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–9, vol. 56, p. 196–317.

’phags pa bsod nams thams cad bsdus pa’i ting nge ’dzin ces bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Ārya­sarva­puṇya­samuccaya­samādhi­nāma­mahā­yāna­sūtra). sTog 107, Stok Palace (stog pho brang bris ma) Kangyur, vol. 63 (mdo sde, na), folios 80b–161b.

Pekar Zangpo (pad dkar bzang po). mdo sde spyi’i rnam bzhag. Beijing: mi rigs dpe skrun khang [Minorities Publishing House], 2006.

Dharmachakra Translation Committee (tr.). The Illusory Absorption (Toh 130). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2016.

Edgerton, Franklin. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953.

g.

Glossary

g.­1

Abodes of Brahmā

  • tshangs pa’i gnas
  • ཚངས་པའི་གནས།
  • brahmavihāra

Love, compassion, joy, equanimity.

2 passages contain this term
g.­2

Āmrapālī

  • a mras bsrungs pa
  • ཨ་མྲས་བསྲུངས་པ།
  • Āmrapālī

A famous and beautiful patron of the Buddha’s, courtesan in the city of Vaiśālī.

4 passages contain this term
g.­3

Āmrapālī’s great grove

  • a mras bsrungs pa’i tshal chen po
  • ཨ་མྲས་བསྲུངས་པའི་ཚལ་ཆེན་པོ།
  • Āmrapālīvana

The grove donated to the Buddha by the courtesan Āmrapālī.

2 passages contain this term
g.­4

Ānanda

  • kun dga’ bo
  • ཀུན་དགའ་བོ།
  • Ānanda

One of the Buddha’s primary followers, compiler of the sūtras.

8 passages contain this term
g.­5

Anantamati

  • blo gros mtha’ yas
  • བློ་གྲོས་མཐའ་ཡས།
  • Anantamati
1 passage contains this term
g.­6

Beryl

  • bai dU rya
  • བཻ་དཱུ་རྱ།
  • vaiḍūrya
2 passages contain this term
g.­7

Bodhisattva collection

  • byang chub sems dpa’i sde snod
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྡེ་སྣོད།
  • bodhi­sattva­piṭaka

The sūtras and teachings of the bodhisattva vehicle in general (not to be confused with the sūtra of the same name, Toh 56, in the Ratnakūṭa).

1 passage contains this term
g.­9

Cakravāla

  • khor yug
  • ཁོར་ཡུག
  • Cakravāla

Means “Periphery.” Name of mountain range that surrounds the world according to Buddhist cosmology.

1 passage contains this term
g.­10

Caryamati

  • spyod pa’i blo gros
  • སྤྱོད་པའི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • Caryamati
1 passage contains this term
g.­11

Constant Stable Diligence

  • rtag tu brtson ’grus brtan
  • རྟག་ཏུ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་བརྟན།
  • —
3 passages contain this term
g.­12

Delighting in Emanations

  • ’phrul dga’
  • འཕྲུལ་དགའ།
  • Nirmāṇarata

The fifth (second highest) of the six levels of gods of the Desire Realm.

1 passage contains this term
g.­13

Dharmamati

  • chos kyi blo gros
  • ཆོས་ཀྱི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • Dharmamati
1 passage contains this term
g.­14

Dīpaṃkara

  • mar me mdzad
  • མར་མེ་མཛད།
  • Dīpaṃkara
1 passage contains this term
g.­15

Eight unfree states

  • mi khom pa brgyad
  • མི་ཁོམ་པ་བརྒྱད།
  • aṣṭakṣaṇa

Lives led in circumstances that do not provide the freedom to practice the Buddhist path, i.e., the realms of (1) the hells, (2) pretas, (3) animals, and (4) long-lived gods; (in the human realm) among (5) barbarians, (6) extremists, and (7) in places where the Buddhist teachings do not exist; and (8) without adequate faculties to understand the teachings where they do exist.

2 passages contain this term
g.­16

Ever Ecstatic

  • rtag tu myos
  • རྟག་ཏུ་མྱོས།
  • saḍāmāda

Name of a class of gods on the slopes of Sumeru.

1 passage contains this term
g.­17

Four Great Kings

  • rgyal po chen po bzhi
  • རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ་བཞི།
  • Caturmahārāja
2 passages contain this term
g.­18

Free of Demons

  • bdud bral
  • བདུད་བྲལ།
  • —
4 passages contain this term
g.­19

Garland Bearer

  • lag na phreng thogs
  • ལག་ན་ཕྲེང་ཐོགས།
  • mālādhāra

Name of a class of gods, a group of yakṣa associated with the Four Great Kings.

2 passages contain this term
g.­20

Gautama

  • go’u ta ma
  • གོའུ་ཏ་མ།
  • Gautama
2 passages contain this term
g.­21

Gopā

  • sa ’tsho ma
  • ས་འཚོ་མ།
  • Gopā

The maiden whom the Buddha married while he was still a bodhisattva.

1 passage contains this term
g.­22

Great Supreme Sage

  • drang srong chen po mchog
  • དྲང་སྲོང་ཆེན་པོ་མཆོག
  • —
2 passages contain this term
g.­23

Heaven Entirely Free of Strife

  • rab ’thab bral
  • རབ་འཐབ་བྲལ།
  • Suyāma
1 passage contains this term
g.­24

Heaven Free of Strife

  • ’thab bral
  • འཐབ་བྲལ།
  • Yāma

The third (fourth highest) of the six levels of gods of the Desire Realm.

2 passages contain this term
g.­25

Heaven of the Thirty-three

  • sum cu rtsa gsum pa
  • སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ་པ།
  • Trayatriṃśa

The second (fifth highest) of the six levels of gods of the Desire Realm.

4 passages contain this term
g.­26

Immaculately Renowned King

  • dri ma med par grags pa’i rgyal po
  • དྲི་མ་མེད་པར་གྲགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
  • —
11 passages contain this term
g.­27

Incantation

  • gzungs
  • གཟུངས།
  • dhāraṇī
1 passage contains this term
g.­28

Īṣādhāra

  • gshol mda’ ’dzin
  • གཤོལ་མདའ་འཛིན།
  • īṣādhāra

Name of a class of gods, as well as one of the ranges of mountains around Sumeru.

3 passages contain this term
g.­29

Joyous Heaven

  • dga’ ldan
  • དགའ་ལྡན།
  • Tuṣita

The fourth (third highest) of the six levels of gods of the Desire Realm.

2 passages contain this term
g.­30

King of Many Arrangements

  • bkod pa mang po’i rgyal po
  • བཀོད་པ་མང་པོའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
  • —
3 passages contain this term
g.­31

Krakucchanda

  • khor ba ’jig
  • ཁོར་བ་འཇིག
  • Krakucchanda

The first buddha of our eon; the fifth buddha of the “seven generations of buddhas” (sangs rgyas rab bdun); there are variants of the Sanskrit (Kakutsunda, Kukucchanda) and the Tibetan log pa da sel seems to refer to the same buddha.

1 passage contains this term
g.­32

Layman Kṛṣṇa

  • dge bsnyen nag po’i mchog
  • དགེ་བསྙེན་ནག་པོའི་མཆོག
  • upāsaka kṛṣṇa
1 passage contains this term
g.­33

Mahācakravāla

  • khor yug chen po
  • ཁོར་ཡུག་ཆེན་པོ།
  • Mahācakravāla

Means “Great Periphery.” Name of mountain range that surrounds the world according to Buddhist cosmology.

1 passage contains this term
g.­34

Mahāmeru

  • lhun po chen po
  • ལྷུན་པོ་ཆེན་པོ།
  • Mahāmeru
1 passage contains this term
g.­35

Mahāmucilinda

  • btang zung chen po
  • བཏང་ཟུང་ཆེན་པོ།
  • Mahāmucilinda
1 passage contains this term
g.­36

Maitreya

  • byams pa
  • བྱམས་པ།
  • Maitreya

A bodhisattva destined to be the buddha of the next epoch.

1 passage contains this term
g.­37

Mañjuśrī­kumāra­bhūta

  • jam dpal gzhon nur gyur pa
  • ཇམ་དཔལ་གཞོན་ནུར་གྱུར་པ།
  • Mañjuśrī­kumāra­bhūta

“Mañjuśrī the ever youthful,” a common epithet of Mañjuśrī.

15 passages contain this term
g.­38

Mastery Over Others’ Emanations

  • gzhan ’phrul dbang byed
  • གཞན་འཕྲུལ་དབང་བྱེད།
  • Para­nirmita­vaśavartin

The highest of the six levels of gods of the Desire Realm.

2 passages contain this term
g.­39

Maudgalyāyana

  • maud gal gyi bu
  • མཽད་གལ་གྱི་བུ།
  • Maudgalyāyana

One of the main śrāvaka disciples in the sūtras.

11 passages contain this term
g.­40

Meru

  • lhun po
  • ལྷུན་པོ།
  • Meru
2 passages contain this term
g.­41

Mucilinda

  • btang bzung
  • བཏང་བཟུང་།
  • Mucilinda
1 passage contains this term
g.­42

Naked ascetics

  • gcer bu pa
  • གཅེར་བུ་པ།
  • nirgrantha

Ascetic religious practitioners, usually referring to Jains.

1 passage contains this term
g.­44

Non-Buddhist

  • mu stegs can
  • མུ་སྟེགས་ཅན།
  • tīrthika

A follower of a non-Buddhist philosophy or religion.

3 passages contain this term
g.­45

Palace of Victory

  • khang bzangs rnam par rgyal byed
  • ཁང་བཟངས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བྱེད།
  • Vijayanta prāsāda

The palace or meeting-hall of the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-three.

2 passages contain this term
g.­46

Retention

  • gzungs
  • གཟུངས།
  • dhāraṇī
2 passages contain this term
g.­47

Roots of goodness

  • dge ba’i rtsa ba
  • དགེ་བའི་རྩ་བ།
  • kuśalamūla
1 passage contains this term
g.­48

Śakra

  • brgya byin
  • བརྒྱ་བྱིན།
  • Śakra

Name of the god who rules the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

15 passages contain this term
g.­49

Śāriputra

  • shA ri’i bu
  • ཤཱ་རིའི་བུ།
  • Śāriputra

One of the Buddha’s primary śrāvaka followers, known as the compiler of the Abhidharma teachings.

3 passages contain this term
g.­50

Seat of awakening

  • byang chub kyi snying po
  • བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སྙིང་པོ།
  • bodhimaṇḍa

Place at Bodh Gaya where the Buddha attained awakening.

3 passages contain this term
g.­51

Siṃhamati

  • seng ge’i blo gros
  • སེང་གེའི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • Siṃhamati
1 passage contains this term
g.­52

Superknowledges

  • mgon par shes pa
  • མགོན་པར་ཤེས་པ།
  • abhijñā

Supernormal cognitive powers possessed to different degrees by bodhisattvas and buddhas. The five superknowledges are clairvoyance, clairaudience, knowledge of others’ minds, miraculous abilities, and knowledge of past lives; a sixth, mentioned in some lists and possessed only by fully enlightened buddhas, is knowlege of the exhaustion of outflows.

4 passages contain this term
g.­53

Supreme Emanations

  • rab ’phrul
  • རབ་འཕྲུལ།
  • Sunirmita
1 passage contains this term
g.­54

Teachings of the vinaya

  • chos ’dul ba
  • ཆོས་འདུལ་བ།
  • dharmavinaya

The teachings on monastic discipline, contained in the four main sections of the vinaya canon.

2 passages contain this term
g.­55

Tight-fisted instructor

  • slob dpon dpe mkhyud
  • སློབ་དཔོན་དཔེ་མཁྱུད།
  • ācāryamuṣṭi
1 passage contains this term
g.­56

Totally Immaculate

  • kun nas dri ma med pa
  • ཀུན་ནས་དྲི་མ་མེད་པ།
  • —

The buddhafield of Immaculately Renowned King.

2 passages contain this term
g.­57

Uttaramati

  • blo gros bla ma
  • བློ་གྲོས་བླ་མ།
  • Uttaramati
1 passage contains this term
g.­58

Utterly Purifying

  • kun nas dri ma med pa
  • ཀུན་ནས་དྲི་མ་མེད་པ།
  • —

Name of buddhafield of Buddha King of Many Arrangements.

1 passage contains this term
g.­59

Vaiśālī

  • yangs pa
  • ཡངས་པ།
  • Vaiśālī
8 passages contain this term
g.­60

Vardamānamati

  • phel ba’i blo gros
  • ཕེལ་བའི་བློ་གྲོས།
  • Vardamānamati
1 passage contains this term
g.­61

Vaśavartin

  • lha’i rgyal po dbang byed
  • ལྷའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དབང་བྱེད།
  • Vaśavartin

The king of gods in the Heaven of Mastery Over Others’ Emanations.

2 passages contain this term
g.­63

Vindhya Mountains

  • ri ’bigs byed
  • རི་འབིགས་བྱེད།
  • Vindhyagiri

Several ranges of mountains in west and central India, traditionally held to be the boundary between North and South India.

1 passage contains this term
g.­64

Viśeṣamati

  • khyad par blo gros
  • ཁྱད་པར་བློ་གྲོས།
  • Viśeṣamati
1 passage contains this term
g.­65

Wandering mendicants

  • kun tu rgyu
  • ཀུན་ཏུ་རྒྱུ།
  • parivrājaka

Wandering religious practitioners or śramaṇa, usually referring to non-Buddhists.

1 passage contains this term
g.­66

Wealthy as the Great Sal Tree

  • shing sA la chen po lta bur nor bzangs
  • ཤིང་སཱ་ལ་ཆེན་པོ་ལྟ་བུར་ནོར་བཟངས།
  • —
2 passages contain this term
g.­67

Wholly Joyous Heaven

  • yongs su dga’ ldan
  • ཡོངས་སུ་དགའ་ལྡན།
  • Santuṣita
1 passage contains this term
0

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