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སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་འཆལ་པ་ཚར་གཅོད་པ།

Repudiating Those Who Violate the Discipline, the Buddha’s Collected Teachings

Buddha­piṭaka­duḥśīla­nigraha
Translated into Tibetan by
  • Dharmaśrīprabha
  • Palgyi Lhünpo
སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་འཆལ་པ་ཚར་གཅོད་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
sangs rgyas kyi sde snod tshul khrims ’chal pa tshar gcod pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo
The Great Vehicle Discourse “Repudiating Those Who Violate the Discipline, the Buddha’s Collected Teachings”
Buddha­piṭaka­duḥśīla­nigraha­nāma­mahā­yāna­sūtra
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Toh 220

Degé Kangyur, vol. 63 (mdo sde, dza), folios 1.b–77.b

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee
under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha

First published 2023
Current version v 1.2.11 (2023)
Generated by 84000 Reading Room v2.19.1

84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha is a global non-profit initiative to translate all the Buddha’s words into modern languages, and to make them available to everyone.

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co.

Table of Contents

ti. Title
im. Imprint
co. Contents
s. Summary
ac. Acknowledgements
i. Introduction
tr. The Translation
+ 9 chapters- 9 chapters
1. The Setting
2. The Teaching on Recollection
3. The Virtuous Friend
4. The Noble Saṅgha
5. Violated Discipline
6. Teaching Impure Dharma
7. Connections to Previous Lives
8. Honoring, Respecting, Revering, Worshiping, and Pleasing the Thus-Gone Ones
9. Epilogue
c. Colophon
ab. Abbreviations
n. Notes
b. Bibliography
g. Glossary

s.

Summary

s.­1

In the Deer Park in Vārāṇasī, Śāriputra, with growing admiration, has become aware of the paradox that the Buddha, despite the inexpressible nature of the the profound truth he had awakened to, skillfully teaches about it using words and ideas that his followers can understand. The Buddha reinforces Śāriputra’s sense of this paradox by describing the Dharma in terms of its emptiness of everything one might think that it could comprise. He places great emphasis on realizing the view of the empty nature of things without apprehending or dwelling on any phenomenon, and uses this perspective to delineate what is meant by the application of mindfulness, what distinguishes a true spiritual friend from a false one, and in particular what constitutes a violation of discipline. Those who do not accept and understand that profound view are committing the greatest violation of discipline, which underlies all others. The Buddha even excludes such people from being considered as his followers or as having his lineage. His dialog with Śāriputra continues on the consequences of monks’ violating their discipline more broadly, and he gives several prophecies about the future decline of the Dharma caused by the misbehavior of monks, and how the lineage (Skt. gotra; Tib. rigs) that leads those who possess it to their awakening may be lost.


ac.

Acknowledgements

ac.­1

Translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee under the supervision of Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche. Nika Jovic translated the text from Tibetan into English and wrote the introduction. Andreas Doctor checked the translation against the Tibetan and edited the text.

The translation was completed under the patronage and supervision of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.


i.

Introduction

i.­1

Repudiating Those Who Violate the Discipline is located in the General Sūtra section of the Degé Kangyur and is structured in eight chapters followed by a long epilogue. Although it purports to be a text on discipline and how it is violated, its main doctrinal thrust is to set out a view of Buddhist practice based uncompromisingly on the ultimate view of emptiness. To practice or teach others in ways that do not fully embrace that ultimate view turns out to be the transgression of discipline to which the sūtra’s title refers, and the Buddha goes even further in insisting that those who follow such mistaken ways are not only failing to follow his teachings correctly but are also not qualified to receive offerings and are not even to be considered members of the Buddhist saṅgha.


The Translation
The Great Vehicle Sūtra
Repudiating Those Who Violate the Discipline, the Buddha’s Collected Teachings

1.
Chapter One

The Setting

[F.1.b] [B1]


1.­1

Homage to all buddhas and bodhisattvas.


Thus did I hear at one time. The Blessed One was residing in the Deer Park of Ṛṣipatana at Vārāṇasī, together with a great saṅgha of five hundred monks who had exhausted their defilements, completed their tasks, done their duties, laid down their burdens, accomplished their goals, and eliminated the bonds binding them to existence. Their minds were completely liberated by perfect knowledge, their insight was completely liberated, and they had attained mastery. They were all worthy ones, except for one person‍—Venerable Ānanda.


2.
Chapter Two

The Teaching on Recollection

2.­1

“Blessed One,” Śāriputra said, “according to this Dharma discourse, what are the ways in which an evil friend gives instructions and teachings, and what are the ways in which a virtuous friend gives instructions and teachings?”

2.­2

“Śāriputra,” the Blessed One replied, “a monk might instruct and teach another monk as follows: ‘Come, monk. Engage your attention on the Buddha, engage your attention on the Dharma, and engage your attention on the Saṅgha. Engage your attention on recollecting moral discipline. Engage your attention on recollecting giving. Engage your attention on recollecting the gods. Come, monk. Observe the body as being the body and sustain that observing. To keep hold of the distinguishing marks of sustaining, engage your attention on the body’s impure characteristics. Come, monk. Engage your attention on the fact that all formations are impermanent and are suffering. Engage your attention on the fact that all phenomena lack a self and are empty. Come, monk. Hold fast to the distinguishing marks you have observed and keep them in mind. Bear the distinguishing marks you have observed in mind so that the mind will not wander. Come, monk. Reflect upon and work to acquire wholesome qualities. Do not hold on to the distinguishing marks of unwholesome qualities. Generate enthusiasm to help you to not hold on to them and to abandon them instead. Remain vigilant about the distinguishing marks that indicate that you have abandoned nonvirtues, so that they do not arise in the future. Come, monk. Carefully consider and direct your attention to the aspects of the aggregates, the sense fields, and the elements as repulsive. [F.9.a] Come, monk. Bear in mind the distinguishing marks that indicate wholesome and unnwholesome qualities. Then, engage your attention on these key points to abandon them: To abandon desire, engage your attention on impurity. To abandon anger, engage your attention on love. To abandon delusion, engage your attention on dependent origination. Come, monk. Engage your attention on pure moral discipline. Engage your attention on the distinguishing marks related to absorption. Engage your attention on pure insight. Direct your effort toward the four concentrations. Reflect upon and work to acquire the result you should attain. Engage your attention without considering unwholesome qualities. Engage your attention and rely on virtuous qualities. Strive to cultivate the path. Bear those distinguishing marks that indicate virtuous qualities perfectly in mind and engage your attention on the fact that nirvāṇa is happiness and peace. Work to acquire this view, so that you can attain nirvāṇa.’ When a monk instructs and teaches another with such statements and also says, ‘Engage your attention on purity,’ he is encouraging him to hold a mistaken understanding. The notion that this is to view things correctly will encourage him to view things wrongly.


3.
Chapter Three

The Virtuous Friend

3.­1

“Blessed One,” Śāriputra said, “how must one explain these teachings so that one does not become an evil friend? Blessed One, how must one instruct and teach to be referred to as a virtuous friend?”

3.­2

The Blessed One replied, “Śāriputra, a monk should instruct and teach another monk about this as follows: ‘Come, monk. Cultivate recollecting the Buddha and have conviction in it. Do not engage your attention on some state that is attained. Since there are no entities when you see correctly, you must have the convinction that the intrinsic nature of phenomena is not an object of correct seeing, and let go of the notion that something lacking intrinsic nature possesses any essence.


4.
Chapter Four

The Noble Saṅgha

4.­1

“Śāriputra, what is the noble Saṅgha? It refers to those endowed with the acceptance that engages in the absence of cessation, the absence of origination, the absence of distinguishing marks, the absence of characteristics, and the absence of elaboration, those who have a particular conviction in it, correctly teaches it, and provides the proper conditions for understanding it. Those with that particular conviction in the absence of characteristics do not even apprehend a self, let alone apprehending stream enterers, once-returners, non-returners, and worthy ones; apprehending something as a phenomenon; apprehending men, women, and paṇḍakas; apprehending something as an imputation; or apprehending something as a basis. The Saṅgha does not apprehend any such things.


5.
Chapter Five

Violated Discipline

5.­1

“Śāriputra, the torments of monks who violate their discipline are tenfold. Monks who experience these ten tormenting afflictions because they have violated their discipline will not savor the Buddha’s teachings. They will not engage or be interested in explanations of the profound Dharma. They will be afraid, scared, and terrified when they hear teachings related to nonapprehending, such as emptiness, the absence of distinguishing marks, and the absence of wishes. They will not understand the meaning of what the Thus-Gone One realized and taught, and they will be hostile toward monks who propound the Dharma, and not even want to look at them.


6.
Chapter Six

Teaching Impure Dharma

6.­1

“Śāriputra, Jambudvīpa will be filled with unholy beings who are absorbed in the pursuit of their own livelihoods, who cling to disputes, and who harm both themselves and others. That is why, Śāriputra, the Blessed One Kāśyapa prophesied that excessive gain and honor would cause the teachings of the Thus-Gone Śākyamuni to quickly disappear. Thus, Śāriputra, gain and honor will cause this Dharma-Vinaya to quickly disappear.


7.
Chapter Seven

Connections to Previous Lives

7.­1

“Śāriputra, this is what must be understood through these teachings: countless, innumerable eons ago, a blessed buddha named Mahāvyūha appeared. He was a thus-gone, worthy, perfect buddha endowed with perfect knowledge and conduct, a well-gone one, a knower of the world, unsurpassed, a guide of beings to be tamed, and a teacher of both gods and men. The blessed Thus-Gone One Mahāvyūha lived for sixty-eight billion years, Śāriputra, and the monks who were hearers in his assembly numbered sixty-eight trillion. [F.47.a]


8.
Chapter Eight

Honoring, Respecting, Revering, Worshiping, and Pleasing the Thus-Gone Ones

8.­1

“Śāriputra, I remember times in the past when relying on this unsurpassed and perfect awakening had led me to become a universal monarch. I honored, respected, revered, and worshiped three hundred million buddhas who were all called Śākyamuni, as well as their assemblies of hearers, by offering them robes, alms, sleeping places, medicine, and other necessities. After pleasing them, I practiced with the sole aim of achieving unsurpassed and perfect awakening. Still, those blessed buddhas did not prophesy about me saying, ‘In the future, you will become a thus-gone, worthy, perfect buddha.’ Why is that? Because I entertained notions related to apprehending and clung to the view of a self.


9.

Epilogue

9.­1

“Śāriputra, I remember when a thus-gone, worthy, perfect buddha named Brilliant Light appeared in the world. At that time the bodhisattva Maitreya was a universal monarch who generated under him the roots of virtue associated with the mind of awakening for the first time. The lifespan of that blessed one was eighty-four thousand years, and his great gathering of hearers was threefold: there were nine hundred sixty million worthy ones in the first great gathering, nine hundred forty million worthy ones in the second, and nine hundred twenty million worthy ones in the third. Śāriputra, when he saw that blessed one, great joy arose in the mind of King Vairocana. For ten thousand years, he venerated and pleased that blessed one and his saṅgha of hearers. […] In a prayer, he made this aspiration: ‘When I pursue awakening in the future, may I obtain a lifespan just as long as his, and may I gain a saṅgha of great hearers of the same size. [F.58.a] When I establish sentient beings in happiness, may I awaken to unsurpassed and perfect buddhahood!’


c.

Colophon

c.­1

Translated, edited, and finalized in the Lhenkar Palace by the Indian preceptor Dharmaśrīprabha and the translator monk Palgyi Lhünpo


ab.

Abbreviations

C Choné (co ne) Kangyur
D Degé (sde dge) Kangyur
H Lhasa (zhol) Kangyur
J Lithang (’jang sa tham) Kangyur
K Peking (pe cin) Kangxi Kangyur
KY Peking Yongle (g.yung lo) Kangyur
N Narthang (snar thang) Kangyur
S Stok Palace (stog pho brang) Manuscript Kangyur

n.

Notes

n.­1
In this catalog, Repudiating Those Who Violate the Discipline is included among the “Miscellaneous Sūtras” (Tib. mdo sde sna tshogs) less than ten sections (Tib. bam po) long. Denkarma F.297.a; see also Herrmann-Pfandt 2008, p. 53, no. 92.
n.­2
Fo cang jing 佛藏經 (buddha­piṭakaduḥ­śīlanigraha), Taishō 653 (CBETA; SAT).
n.­3
Tsui 2010, p. 130.
n.­4
Chen 2014, 178–79. Here Chung-hui Tsui tells us that this work was inscribed by Fan Hai, who was the court scribe during that period, and is dated 457 ᴄᴇ. The postscript of this sūtra provides noteworthy details, such as the quantity of paper used, the time when proofreading was completed, the name of the sūtra and its scroll number, and the shrine or temple owner. It also identifies the patron of the sūtra as the king Juqu Anzhou (d. 460), who devoted himself to promoting Buddhism in China.
n.­5
Ibid.
n.­6
The Denkarma (Tib. ldan dkar ma) catalog includes Toh 123 among the discourses translated from Chinese (Denkarma, F.300.a; Herrmann-Pfandt 2008, p. 138, no. 255). Toh 123 also lacks the standard colophon that usually follows Tibetan translations from the Sanskrit. Additionally, this text contains specific vocabulary (discussed at length in Rolf Stein’s Tibetica Antiqua, 1–85) indicating that it was translated from the Chinese. See also Silk 2018, 234.
n.­7
In the Degé edition, Toh 220 spans 154 folios, while Toh 123 occupies 119 folios.
n.­8
Thompson 1994, 171.

b.

Bibliography

sangs rgyas kyi sde snod tshul khrims ’chal pa tshar gcod pa’i mdo (Buddha­piṭakaduḥ­śīlanigraha). Toh 220, Degé Kangyur vol. 63 (mdo sde, dza), folios 1.b–77.b.

sangs rgyas kyi sde snod tshul khrims ’chal pa tshar gcod pa’i mdo. bka’ ’gyur (dpe bsdur ma) [Comparative Edition of the Kangyur], krung go’i bod rig pa zhib ’jug ste gnas kyi bka’ bstan dpe sdur khang (The Tibetan Tripitaka Collation Bureau of the China Tibetology Research Center). 108 volumes. Beijing: krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang (China Tibetology Publishing House), 2006–9, vol. 63, pp. 3–188.

sangs rgyas kyi sde snod tshul khrims ’chal pa tshar gcod pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo (Buddha­piṭakaduḥ­śīlani­grahānāma­nāmamahāyāna­sūtra). Stok Palace Kangyur vol. 53 (mdo sde, kha), folios 322.b–430.a.

sangs rgyas kyi mdzod kyi chos kyi yi ge. Toh 123, Degé Kangyur vol. 54 (mdo sde, tha), folios 53.b–212.b.

Adamek, L. Wendi. The Teachings of Master Wuzhu: Zen and Religion of No-Religion. Columbia University Press, 2011.

Chen, Huaiyu. “Religion and Society on the Silk Road: The Inscriptional Evidence from Turfan.” Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook, 76–94. Edited by Wendy Swartz et al., Columbia University Press, 2014.

Denkarma (pho brang stod thang ldan dkar gyi chos kyi ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag). Toh 4364, Degé Tengyur vol. 206 (sna tshogs, jo), folios 294.b–310.a.

Herrmann-Pfandt, Adelheid. Die lHan kar ma: ein früher Katalog der ins Tibetische übersetzten buddhistischen Texte. Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008.

Lancaster, Lewis. The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue. University of California Press, 1979. http://www.acmuller.net/descriptive_catalogue/ indexes/index-taisho.html.

McCombs, M. Jason. “Mahāyāna and the Gift: Theories and Practices.” PhD thesis, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, 2014.

Morrell, Robert E., Muju, Ichien. Sand and Pebbles (Shasekishu): The Tales of Muju Ichien, a Voice for Pluralism in Kamakura Buddhism. SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies, State University of New York Press, 1985.

Silk, Jonathan. “The Origins and Early History of the Mahāratnakūta Tradition: Traditions of Mahāyāna Buddhism with a Study of the Ratnarāśisūtra and related Materials” PhD diss., University of Michigan, 1994.

Silk, Jonathan. “Chinese Sūtras in Tibetan Translation: A Preliminary Survey.” Annual Report of The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology (ARIRIAB) at Soka University, Vol. XXII, 2019, 227–46.

Stein, Rolf. Rolf Stein’s Tibetica Antiqua with Additional Materials. Arthur P. McKeown, trans. Brill’s Tibetan Studies Library. Vol. 24, 2010.

Thompson, H. Leslie, trans. Jamgon Kongtrul’s Retreat Manual. Snow Lion Publications, Ithaka, New York, 1994.

Tsui, Chung-hui [崔中慧]. “A Study of Early Buddhist Scriptural Calligraphy: based on Buddhist manuscripts found in Dunhuang and Turfan (3–5 century).” PhD diss., University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, 2010.


g.

Glossary

Types of attestation for Sanskrit names and terms

AS

Attested in source text

This term is attested in the Sanskrit manuscript used as a source for this translation.

AO

Attested in other text

This term is attested in other Sanskrit manuscripts of the Kangyur or Tengyur.

AD

Attested in dictionary

This term is attested in Tibetan-Sanskrit dictionaries.

AA

Approximate attestation

The attestation of this name is approximate. It is based on other names where Tibetan-Sanskrit relationship is attested in dictionaries or other manuscripts.

RP

Reconstruction from Tibetan phonetic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the Tibetan phonetic rendering of the term.

RS

Reconstruction from Tibetan semantic rendering

This term is a reconstruction based on the semantics of the Tibetan translation.

SU

Source Unspecified

This term has been supplied from an unspecified source, which most often is a widely trusted dictionary.

g.­1

absence of marks

  • mtshan ma med pa
  • མཚན་མ་མེད་པ།
  • animitta

One of the three gateways of liberation.

No known locations for this term

g.­2

absence of wishes

  • smon pa med pa
  • སྨོན་པ་མེད་པ།
  • apraṇihita

One of the three gateways of liberation.

10 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­12
  • 4.­15
  • 5.­1
  • 5.­50
  • 5.­52
  • 5.­54
  • 7.­6
  • 7.­28
  • 9.­48
  • 9.­72
g.­3

acceptance that concords with the truth

  • rjes su ’thun pa’i bzod pa
  • རྗེས་སུ་འཐུན་པའི་བཟོད་པ།
  • ānulomikī kṣānti

A particular realization attained by bodhisattvas that arises as a result of analysis of the essential nature of phenomena.

12 passages contain this term:

  • 3.­15
  • 4.­22
  • 5.­36
  • 6.­31
  • 7.­6
  • 7.­11-12
  • 7.­25-26
  • 9.­4
  • 9.­20
  • 9.­87
g.­5

aggregate

  • phung po
  • ཕུང་པོ།
  • skandha

The five aggregates of form, sensation, perception, formation, and consciousness. On the individual level the five aggregates refer to the basis upon which the mistaken idea of a self is projected.

22 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­29
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­8
  • 4.­9-10
  • 5.­23
  • 5.­36-39
  • 5.­42
  • 5.­51
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­31
  • 9.­57
  • 9.­75
  • 9.­77-78
  • 9.­160-162
  • 9.­166
g.­7

Ānanda

  • kun dga’ bo
  • ཀུན་དགའ་བོ།
  • ānanda

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

A major śrāvaka disciple and personal attendant of the Buddha Śākyamuni during the last twenty-five years of his life. He was a cousin of the Buddha (according to the Mahāvastu, he was a son of Śuklodana, one of the brothers of King Śuddhodana, which means he was a brother of Devadatta; other sources say he was a son of Amṛtodana, another brother of King Śuddhodana, which means he would have been a brother of Aniruddha).

Ānanda, having always been in the Buddha’s presence, is said to have memorized all the teachings he heard and is celebrated for having recited all the Buddha’s teachings by memory at the first council of the Buddhist Saṅgha, thus preserving the teachings after the Buddha’s parinirvāṇa. The phrase “Thus did I hear at one time,” found at the beginning of the sūtras, usually stands for his recitation of the teachings. He became a patriarch after the passing of Mahākāśyapa.

13 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1-2
  • 8.­20
  • 9.­81-88
  • 9.­90
  • 9.­168
g.­9

application of mindfulness

  • dran pa nye bar gzhag pa
  • དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་གཞག་པ།
  • smṛtyupasthāna

A fundamental practice of Buddhist meditation generally divided into the following four categories: application of mindfulness to the body, application of mindfulness to feelings, application of mindfulness to the mind, and application of mindfulness to phenomena.

3 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • 2.­15-16
g.­17

Brilliant Light

  • shin tu ’od
  • ཤིན་ཏུ་འོད།
  • —

Name of a buddha.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 9.­1
g.­21

Deer Park

  • ri dags kyi nags
  • རི་དགས་ཀྱི་ནགས།
  • mṛgadāva

The forest located outside of Vārāṇasī where the Buddha first taught the Dharma.

2 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • 1.­1
g.­22

dependent origination

  • rten cing ’brel par ’byung ba
  • རྟེན་ཅིང་འབྲེལ་པར་འབྱུང་བ།
  • pratītya­samutpāda

The relative nature of phenomena, which arise in dependence upon causes and conditions. Together with the four noble truths, this was the first teaching given by the Buddha.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 2.­2
g.­24

Dharmaśrīprabha

  • dha rma shri pra bha
  • དྷ་རྨ་ཤྲི་པྲ་བྷ།
  • dharmaśrīprabha

Indian scholar who assisted with the translation of sūtras into Tibetan.

2 passages contain this term:

  • i.­7
  • c.­1
g.­28

element

  • khams
  • ཁམས།
  • dhātu

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

In the context of Buddhist philosophy, one way to describe experience in terms of eighteen elements (eye, form, and eye consciousness; ear, sound, and ear consciousness; nose, smell, and nose consciousness; tongue, taste, and tongue consciousness; body, touch, and body consciousness; and mind, mental phenomena, and mind consciousness).

This also refers to the elements of the world, which can be enumerated as four, five, or six. The four elements are earth, water, fire, and air. A fifth, space, is often added, and the sixth is consciousness.

9 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­29
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­8
  • 4.­10
  • 5.­32
  • 5.­36
  • 5.­51
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­31
g.­33

four concentrations

  • bsam gtan bzhi po
  • བསམ་གཏན་བཞི་པོ།
  • caturdhyāna

The four levels of meditative concentration, corresponding to the four levels of the form realm.

2 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­2
  • 7.­30
g.­46

insight

  • shes rab
  • ཤེས་རབ།
  • prajñā

Transcendent or discriminating awareness; the mind that sees the ultimate truth. One of the six perfections of the bodhisattva.

27 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 1.­32
  • 2.­2
  • 5.­12
  • 5.­18
  • 5.­20-21
  • 5.­23
  • 5.­35
  • 5.­37
  • 5.­53
  • 5.­77
  • 6.­4
  • 6.­22
  • 7.­21
  • 9.­14
  • 9.­21
  • 9.­26
  • 9.­44
  • 9.­48
  • 9.­77
  • 9.­83
  • 9.­86
  • 9.­88
  • 9.­104
  • 9.­148-149
g.­49

Jambudvīpa

  • dzam bu’i gling
  • ཛམ་བུའི་གླིང་།
  • jambudvīpa

The continent to the south of Mt. Sumeru, where according to Buddhist cosmology “the world as we know it” is located.

13 passages contain this term:

  • 5.­33
  • 5.­70
  • 6.­1
  • 6.­27-28
  • 6.­34-35
  • 8.­13
  • 9.­88
  • 9.­125
  • 9.­132-133
  • 9.­138
g.­51

Kāśyapa

  • ’od srung
  • འོད་སྲུང་།
  • kāśyapa

One of the six buddhas who preceded Śākyamuni in this Fortunate Eon. Also the name of one of the Buddha’s principal pupils.

7 passages contain this term:

  • 6.­1
  • 8.­9
  • 9.­24
  • n.­42
  • g.­13
  • g.­99
  • g.­100
g.­55

Lhenkar Palace

  • pho brang lhan dkar
  • ཕོ་བྲང་ལྷན་དཀར།
  • —

A royal palace located in central Tibet, which is famous for giving its name to the catalogue of translated canonical texts produced up to the early ninth century.

1 passage contains this term:

  • c.­1
g.­56

lineage

  • rigs
  • རིགས།
  • gotra

A term for the “lineage” that assures those who hold it eventual attainment of buddhahood. In this sūtra the status of someone who holds the lineage depends primarily on abandoning any wrong views associated with apprehending and realizing the view of emptiness free from apprehending.

14 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­6
  • 4.­22
  • 4.­25
  • 5.­44
  • 5.­73
  • 5.­75
  • 5.­78
  • 7.­8
  • 7.­26
  • 7.­32
  • 9.­3
  • n.­49
  • g.­52
g.­62

Mahāvyūha

  • bkod pa che
  • བཀོད་པ་ཆེ།
  • mahāvyūha

Name of a past buddha.

7 passages contain this term:

  • 7.­1
  • g.­10
  • g.­11
  • g.­19
  • g.­30
  • g.­83
  • g.­109
g.­63

Maitreya

  • byams pa
  • བྱམས་པ།
  • maitreya

The bodhisattva of loving kindness who is prophesied to become the next buddha after Śākyamuni.

3 passages contain this term:

  • 2.­6
  • 9.­1-2
g.­73

non-returners

  • phyir mi ’ong ba
  • ཕྱིར་མི་འོང་བ།
  • anāgāmin

One who has achieved the third of the four levels of attainment on the śrāvaka path and will not be reborn in the desire realm any longer.

3 passages contain this term:

  • 4.­1
  • 4.­10
  • 9.­74
g.­76

Palgyi Lhünpo

  • dpal gyi lhun po
  • དཔལ་གྱི་ལྷུན་པོ།
  • —

Tibetan translator of the ninth century.

2 passages contain this term:

  • i.­7
  • c.­1
g.­77

paṇḍaka

  • ma ning
  • མ་ནིང་།
  • paṇḍaka

A term that designates people with various kinds of unclear gender status, including but not restricted to physical intersex conditions and hermaphrodites. It can also refer to a eunuch, or, according to the Vinaya account of the expulsion of a paṇḍaka, a male who has sought other males to have sex with him. See also the glossary entry in Miller (2018). It can also be applied to a transgender male.

6 passages contain this term:

  • 4.­1
  • 4.­5
  • 4.­7
  • 5.­10
  • 5.­68
  • 9.­39
g.­82

prophecies

  • lung bstan pa’i sde
  • ལུང་བསྟན་པའི་སྡེ།
  • vyākaraṇa

One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.

3 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • 9.­75
  • 9.­82
g.­87

Ṛṣipatana

  • drang srong lhung ba
  • དྲང་སྲོང་ལྷུང་བ།
  • ṛṣipatana

The location near Vārāṇasī where the Buddha first turned the wheel of Dharma.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 1.­1
g.­88

Śākyamuni

  • sha kya thub pa
  • ཤ་ཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ།
  • śākyamuni

The fourth buddha of the fortunate eon and the primary buddha associated with the revelation of the Buddhist teachings in the current age.

16 passages contain this term:

  • i.­4
  • 2.­6
  • 5.­41-42
  • 6.­1
  • 8.­1
  • 8.­18
  • 9.­24
  • g.­23
  • g.­25
  • g.­50
  • g.­51
  • g.­53
  • g.­63
  • g.­97
  • g.­99
g.­95

Śāriputra

  • sha ri’i bu
  • ཤ་རིའི་བུ།
  • śāriputra

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

One of the principal śrāvaka disciples of the Buddha, he was renowned for his discipline and for having been praised by the Buddha as foremost of the wise (often paired with Maudgalyā­yana, who was praised as foremost in the capacity for miraculous powers). His father, Tiṣya, to honor Śāriputra’s mother, Śārikā, named him Śāradvatīputra, or, in its contracted form, Śāriputra, meaning “Śārikā’s Son.”

319 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • i.­2
  • 1.­3-4
  • 1.­6-34
  • 2.­1-18
  • 3.­1-2
  • 3.­4
  • 3.­6-7
  • 3.­9-10
  • 3.­13-16
  • 4.­1-5
  • 4.­7-16
  • 4.­18-20
  • 4.­23
  • 4.­25-35
  • 5.­1-11
  • 5.­13-15
  • 5.­17-20
  • 5.­22-37
  • 5.­40-56
  • 5.­58
  • 5.­60
  • 5.­63-68
  • 5.­70-77
  • 5.­79-80
  • 6.­1-2
  • 6.­4-5
  • 6.­7-14
  • 6.­17-22
  • 6.­24-36
  • 7.­1-2
  • 7.­4-27
  • 7.­29-33
  • 8.­1-13
  • 8.­15-20
  • 9.­1-37
  • 9.­39-44
  • 9.­47-68
  • 9.­70-72
  • 9.­74-75
  • 9.­77-80
  • 9.­168
  • n.­54
  • g.­94
g.­98

sense fields

  • skye mched
  • སྐྱེ་མཆེད།
  • āyatana

One way of describing experience and the world in terms of twelve sense fields (eye and form, ear and sound, nose and odor, tongue and taste, body and touch, mind and mental objects).

8 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­29
  • 2.­2
  • 2.­8
  • 4.­10
  • 5.­36
  • 5.­51
  • 6.­6
  • 6.­31
g.­118

universal monarch

  • khor los sgyur ba’i rgyal po
  • ཁོར་ལོས་སྒྱུར་བའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།
  • cakravartin

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

The term “universal monarch” denotes a just and pious king who rules over the universe according to the laws of Dharma. Such a monarch is called a cakravartin because he wields a disk (cakra) that rolls (vartana) over continents, worlds, and world systems, bringing them under his power. A universal monarch is often considered the worldly, political correlate of a buddha. (Provisional 84000 definition. New definition forthcoming.)

17 passages contain this term:

  • 5.­68
  • 8.­1-9
  • 8.­13
  • 8.­15
  • 8.­17
  • 8.­19-20
  • 9.­1
  • g.­107
g.­119

Vairocana

  • rnam par snang byed
  • རྣམ་པར་སྣང་བྱེད།
  • vairocana

Name of a king.

1 passage contains this term:

  • 9.­1
g.­120

Vārāṇasī

  • ba ra na si
  • བ་ར་ན་སི།
  • vārāṇasī

Definition from the 84000 Glossary of Terms:

Also known as Benares, one of the oldest cities of northeast India on the banks of the Ganges, in modern-day Uttar Pradesh. It was once the capital of the ancient kingdom of Kāśi, and in the Buddha’s time it had been absorbed into the kingdom of Kośala. It was an important religious center, as well as a major city, even during the time of the Buddha. The name may derive from being where the Varuna and Assi rivers flow into the Ganges. It was on the outskirts of Vārāṇasī that the Buddha first taught the Dharma, in the location known as Deer Park (Mṛgadāva). For numerous episodes set in Vārāṇasī, including its kings, see The Hundred Deeds, Toh 340.

4 passages contain this term:

  • s.­1
  • 1.­1
  • g.­21
  • g.­87
g.­122

virtuous friend

  • dge ba’i bshes gnyen
  • དགེ་བའི་བཤེས་གཉེན།
  • kalyāṇamitra

A general term to denote a qualified spiritual teacher.

8 passages contain this term:

  • i.­3
  • 2.­1
  • 3.­1
  • 3.­13
  • 3.­17
  • 4.­3
  • 5.­66
  • 6.­33
g.­127

worthy ones

  • dgra bcom pa
  • དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ།
  • arhat

A person who has accomplished the final fruition of the path of the hearers and is liberated from saṃsāra.

15 passages contain this term:

  • 1.­1
  • 4.­1
  • 4.­10
  • 5.­21
  • 5.­30
  • 5.­33
  • 5.­36
  • 6.­3
  • 6.­33
  • 9.­1
  • 9.­60-61
  • 9.­74
  • 9.­82
  • 9.­103
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    (tr.). Repudiating Those Who Violate the Discipline, the Buddha’s Collected Teachings (Buddha­piṭaka­duḥśīla­nigraha, Toh 220). 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2023:
    https://read.84000.co/translation/toh220.html


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