Our trilingual glossary combining entries from all of our publications into one useful resource, giving translations and definitions of thousands of terms, people, places, and texts from the Buddhist canon.
ཉན་ཐོས། | Glossary of Terms
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ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śravaka
- śrāvakā
- Note: this data is still being sorted
- Term
- Place
It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others.” Primarily it refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self-liberation and nirvāṇa. They are the practitioners of the first turning of the wheel of the Dharma on the four noble truths, who realize the suffering inherent in saṃsāra and focus on understanding that there is no independent self. By conquering disturbing emotions, they liberate themselves, attaining first the stage of stream enterers at the path of seeing, followed by the stage of once-returners who will be reborn only one more time, and then the stage of non-returners who will no longer be reborn into the desire realm. The final goal is to become an arhat. These four stages are also known as the “four results of spiritual practice.”
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The pious attendants heeding the words spoken by Lord Buddha, contrasted in terms of their realization with both pratyekabuddhas and bodhisattvas (See also UT22084-031-002-8).
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A follower of those teachings of the Buddha that focus on the monastic lifestyle and liberating oneself from suffering, in contrast to followers of the bodhisattva vehicle who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The word, based on the verb to hear, means disciple, and is used in that general way as well as for those who were followers of the non-Mahāyāna tradition of Buddhism, in contrast to the bodhisattvas.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The word, based on the verb “to hear,” means “disciple” in a general sense, and more specifically refers to those who were followers of the non-Mahāyāna tradition of Buddhism, in contrast to the bodhisattvas.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it known to others.” Primarily this refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking nirvāṇa.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The word, based on the verb “to hear,” means “disciple," and is used in that general way, as well as for those who were followers of the non-Mahāyāna tradition of Buddhism, in contrast to the bodhisattvas.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Based on the verb “to hear,” the Sanskrit term śrāvaka is used in reference to followers of the non-Mahāyāna traditions of Buddhism, in contrast to the bodhisattvas who follow the Mahāyāna path.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A “listener” or direct disciple of the Buddha. Often used to denote the non-Mahāyāna monastic community.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Primarily referring to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self-liberation, in contrast to followers of the Bodhisattva Vehicle, who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings. It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard by others.”
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Primarily referring to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self-liberation, in contrast to followers of the Bodhisattva Vehicle, who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings. It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others.”
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
This term, based on the verb to hear, means “disciple,” and is used in that general way, as well as for those who were followers of the non-Mahāyāna tradition of Buddhism, in contrast to the bodhisattvas.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Hīnayāna practitioner of the first turning of the wheel of the Dharma on the four noble truths, who realizes the suffering inherent in saṃsāra and focuses on understanding that there is no independent self. By conquering disturbing emotions, he liberates himself, attaining first the stage of stream enterer at the path of seeing, followed by the stage of once-returner who will be reborn only one more time, and then the stage of non-returner who will no longer be reborn into saṃsāra. The final goal is to become an arhat. These four stages are also known as the “four results of spiritual practice.”
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The word, based on the verb “to hear,” means disciple, and is used in that general way, as well as for those who were followers of the non-Mahāyāna tradition of Buddhism, in contrast to the bodhisattvas.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self-liberation. The term is usually defined as “one who hears the Dharma from the Buddha and makes it heard by others.”
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Primarily referring to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self-liberation, in contrast to followers of the Bodhisattva Vehicle, who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings. It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others.”
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Lit. “listener.” Disciple of the Buddha and follower of the Hinayāna teaching.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A follower of the early teachings of the Buddha, focusing on the monastic lifestyle. Also translated as “listener.”
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Hearer.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The disciples of the Buddha who followed the Lesser Vehicle (Hīnayāna). A śrāvaka is explained as someone who hears the teachings and then proclaims them to others.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Followers, literally “hearers,” of those teachings of the Buddha that focus on the monastic lifestyle and liberating oneself from suffering, in contrast to followers of the Bodhisattva Vehicle, who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A “listener” or direct disciple of the Buddha. Often used to denote the non-Mahāyāna monastic community.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A “hearer” or “listener,” someone who first hears the Dharma from another. It primarily refers to the non-Mahāyāna disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A disciple of the Buddha, usually used to refer to those who are not followers of the Great Vehicle.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Primarily referring to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self liberation. It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others.”
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A “hearer” or “listener,” someone who first hears the Dharma from another. This refers to the disciples of the Buddha who sought the enlightenment of an arhat, that is, their own liberation from cyclic existence.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A “hearer” or “listener,” someone who first hears the Dharma from another. This refers to the disciples of the Buddha who sought the enlightenment of an arhat, that is, their own liberation from cyclic existence.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices according to the vehicle of the hearers (those who hear the teachings from others) or someone who has heard the Dharma from the Buddha.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A follower of those teachings of the Buddha that focus on the monastic lifestyle and liberating oneself from suffering, in contrast to followers of the Bodhisattva Vehicle who seek awakening for the sake of all beings.
- śrāvakā
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvakā
See “disciple.”
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others.” Primarily it refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self liberation and nirvāṇa.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Disciples who heard the Buddha’s doctrine from his own lips; followers of the Hīnayāna school in general.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A personal disciple of the Buddha who later disseminates the teachings themself.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A term used specifically for the disciples of the Buddha associated with his early monastic community, and more generally for practitioners of the first turning of the wheel of the Dharma. The term is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others.”
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A “hearer” or “listener,” someone who first hears the Dharma from another. This refers to the disciples of the Buddha who sought the awakening of an arhat, that is, their own liberation from cyclic existence. In Mahāyāna literature, the term śrāvaka is often used to contrast with a bodhisattva, a person intent on attaining complete buddhahood for the sake of all beings.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices according to the Vehicle of the Hearers (those who hear the teachings from others); or, someone who heard the Dharma from the Buddha.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A personal disciple of the Buddha who later disseminates the teachings himself.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The word, based on the verb “to hear,” means “disciple” in general, and is more specifically applied to the followers of the non-Mahāyāna traditions of Buddhism.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The word, based on the verb “to hear,” means “disciple," and is used in that general way, as well as for those who were followers of the non-Mahāyāna tradition of Buddhism.
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- śrāvaka
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- 聲聞
A disciple of the Buddha; in the sūtras, this term refers to the followers of the Hīnayāna, or the Lesser Vehicle.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices according to the Vehicle of the Hearers (those who hear the teachings from others); or, someone who heard the Dharma from the Buddha.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- 聲聞
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Primarily referring to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self-liberation. It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard by others.”
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A practitioner of the common vehicle who strives to attain the level of an arhat.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- 聲聞
The disciples of the Buddha who are on the path to arhathood.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The term is most simply interpreted as “those who hear” the Buddha’s teaching, i.e., his disciples, but the additional element that they then “make it heard” to others is often present in canonical glosses. In a Mahāyāna context it refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of a worthy one (arhat), and not to embarking on the path of a bodhisattva (with buddhahood as its ultimate goal).
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Also translated here as “listener.”
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śravaka
The name of the disciples of the Buddha who follow the teachings of the Lesser Vehicle.
- Hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices according to the Vehicle of the Hearers (“those who hear” the Buddha's teaching, i.e., his disciples). In a Mahāyāna context it refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices according to the Vehicle of the Hearers (those who hear the teachings from others); or, someone who heard the Dharma from the Buddha.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices according to the Vehicle of the Hearers (those who hear the teachings from others); or, someone who heard the Dharma from the Buddha.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Primarily referring to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self liberation. It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard by others.”
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The term is most simply interpreted as “those who hear" the Buddha's teaching, i.e. his disciples, but the additional element that they then "make it heard" by others is often present in canonical glosses. In a Mahāyāna context it refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat, and not to embark on the path of a bodhisattva (with buddhahood as its ultimate goal).
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A follower of the early teachings of the Buddha, focusing on the monastic lifestyle.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices according to the vehicle of the hearers (those who hear the teachings from others); or, someone who heard the Dharma from the Buddha.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A disciple of the Buddha; in the Mahāyāna sūtras this term refers to the followers of the Hīnayāna, or the Lesser Vehicle.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A “hearer” or “listener,” someone who first hears the Dharma from another, or, alternatively causes others to hear the Dharma. This refers to the disciples of the Buddha who seek the awakening of a worthy one (arhat), rather than the awakening of a buddha.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices according to the vehicle of the hearers (those who hear the teachings from others); or, someone who heard the Dharma from the Buddha.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Derived from the Sanskrit verb “to hear,” the term is used in reference to followers of the non-Great Vehicle traditions of Buddhism, in contrast to the bodhisattvas who follow the Great Vehicle path.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A follower of those teachings of the Buddha that focus on the monastic lifestyle and liberating oneself from suffering, in contrast to followers of the bodhisattva vehicle who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Early disciple of the Buddha.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A follower of the early teachings of the Buddha, focusing on the monastic lifestyle.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
One who listens to and hears the teachings from a buddha and strives to become a worthy one.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Typically, this word refers to followers of those teachings of the Buddha that focus on the monastic lifestyle and liberating oneself from suffering, in contrast to followers of the Bodhisattva Vehicle, who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings. While this distinction appears to be maintained in this sūtra, the śrāvakas are here said to both cultivate moral discipline and apprehend phenomena and dharmas as empty.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others.” Primarily it refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self liberation and nirvāṇa.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A follower of those teachings of the Buddha that focus on the monastic lifestyle and liberating oneself from suffering, in contrast to followers of the bodhisattva vehicle who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A follower of those teachings of the Buddha that focus on the monastic lifestyle and liberating oneself from suffering, in contrast to followers of the Bodhisattva Vehicle who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A person who practices according to the vehicle of the hearers, or the vehicle focusing on individual liberation from cyclic existence through attaining the state of a worthy one the monastic lifestyle and one’s own liberation from cyclic existence.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A term for someone who follows the Vehicle of the Hearers or those who “hear” the teachings from a Buddha.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A follower of those teachings of the Buddha that focus on the monastic lifestyle and liberating oneself from suffering, in contrast to followers of the Bodhisattva Vehicle who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A follower of those teachings of the Buddha that focus on the monastic lifestyle and liberating oneself from suffering, in contrast to followers of the bodhisattva vehicle who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The term is most simply interpreted as “those who hear” the Buddha’s teaching, i.e. his disciples, but the additional element that they then “make it heard” to others is often present in canonical glosses. In a Mahāyāna context it refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat, and not to embark on the path of a bodhisattva (with buddhahood as its ultimate goal).
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śravaka
Followers, literally “hearers,” of those teachings of the Buddha that focus on the monastic lifestyle and liberating oneself from suffering, in contrast to followers of the Bodhisattva Vehicle who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Primarily referring to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of a worthy one by seeking personal liberation. The term is usually defined as a person who hears the teaching from the Buddha and makes it heard to others.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices the teachings of the Hearers’ Vehicle to achieve liberation from saṃsāra through direct perception of the absence of a personal self.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices according to the Vehicle of the Hearers (those who hear the teachings from others) or someone who heard the Dharma from the Buddha.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices according to the Vehicle of the Hearers (those who hear the teachings from others).
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices according to the Vehicle of the Hearers (those who hear the teachings from others); or, someone who heard the Dharma from the Buddha. See also “Lesser Vehicle.”
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others.” Primarily it refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self liberation and nirvāṇa.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The term is most simply interpreted as “those who hear” the Buddha’s teaching, i.e. his disciples, but the additional element that they then “make it heard” to others is often present in canonical glosses. In a Mahāyāna context it refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of a worthy one (arhat), and not to embark on the path of a bodhisattva (with buddhahood as its ultimate goal).
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
One who listens to the Buddha’s teaching in order to reach liberation.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Primarily referring to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self-liberation. It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard by others.”
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
This term, based on the verb “to hear,” means disciple, and it originally referred to those direct disciples of the Buddha Śākyamuni who had actually heard the Buddha’s teachings. It is also used to refer to those who aspired to the state of an arhat, in contrast to the bodhisattvas. More generally, it refers to those who were followers of the non-Mahāyāna traditions of Buddhism.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
See “saṅgha of hearers.”
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Someone who practices according to the Vehicle of the Hearers (those who hear the teachings from others); or, someone who heard the Dharma from the Buddha.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Any disciple receiving teachings from the Buddha.
- hearer
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
The word, based on the verb “to hear,” originally referred to the immediate disciples of the Buddha who heard the teachings directly from him. The term is also applied in Mahāyāna sources to followers of non-Mahāyāna Buddhist traditions.
- listener
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- listener
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Based on the verb “to hear,” the Sanskrit term śrāvaka is used in reference to followers of the non-Mahāyāna traditions of Buddhism, in contrast to the bodhisattvas who follow the Mahāyāna path.
- listener
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
A follower of the teachings of the Buddha who seeks to attain the state of an arhat.
- listener
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
See “disciple.”
- listener
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- disciple
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
- disciple
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Primarily referring to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self liberation. It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard to others.”
- disciple
- ཉན་ཐོས།
- nyan thos
- śrāvaka
Also rendered here as “listener,” and sometimes also called “hearers,” the term originally referred to direct disciples of Buddha Śākyamuni who had actually heard the Buddha’s teachings; now commonly refers to those Buddhists who strive for their own nirvāṇa. Their primary fields of practice are the four noble truths and the twelve links of dependent origination (Rigzin 126).